Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Patterns, Plant-Based Dietary Index and the Risk of Obesity

Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity. Non-obese participants (n = 787) in the North West Adelaide Health St...

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Published inNutrients Vol. 13; no. 5; p. 1536
Main Authors Wang, Yoko B, Shivappa, Nitin, Hébert, James R, Page, Amanda J, Gill, Tiffany K, Melaku, Yohannes Adama
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.05.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Alcohol
Anti-inflammatory diet
Chronic illnesses
Diet
diet quality
dietary inflammatory index
dietary pattern
Fatty acids
Food habits
Health care
Inflammation
Obesity
Overweight
plant-based diet
Plant-based foods
prospective study
Questionnaires
Risk
Risk factors
Socioeconomic factors
Australia
South Australia Australia
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Abstract Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity. Non-obese participants (n = 787) in the North West Adelaide Health Study were followed from 2010 to 2015. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), plant-based dietary index (PDI) and factor-derived dietary pattern scores were computed based on food frequency questionnaire data. We found the incidence of obesity was 7.62% at the 5-year follow up. In the adjusted model, results from multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15–0.96), healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23–1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk. Conversely, the DII (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.72–3.50), a Western dietary pattern (RR = 2.16; 95% CI: 0.76–6.08) and unhealthy PDI (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 0.81–4.66) were associated with increased risk of obesity. Based on the cubic spline analysis, the association between an unhealthy PDI or diet quality with the risk of obesity was non-linear. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory diet, healthy diet or consumption of healthy plant-based foods were all associated with a lower risk of developing obesity.
AbstractList Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity. Non-obese participants (n = 787) in the North West Adelaide Health Study were followed from 2010 to 2015. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), plant-based dietary index (PDI) and factor-derived dietary pattern scores were computed based on food frequency questionnaire data. We found the incidence of obesity was 7.62% at the 5-year follow up. In the adjusted model, results from multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15–0.96), healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23–1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk. Conversely, the DII (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.72–3.50), a Western dietary pattern (RR = 2.16; 95% CI: 0.76–6.08) and unhealthy PDI (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 0.81–4.66) were associated with increased risk of obesity. Based on the cubic spline analysis, the association between an unhealthy PDI or diet quality with the risk of obesity was non-linear. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory diet, healthy diet or consumption of healthy plant-based foods were all associated with a lower risk of developing obesity.
Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity. Non-obese participants ( n = 787) in the North West Adelaide Health Study were followed from 2010 to 2015. The dietary inflammatory index (DII ® ), plant-based dietary index (PDI) and factor-derived dietary pattern scores were computed based on food frequency questionnaire data. We found the incidence of obesity was 7.62% at the 5-year follow up. In the adjusted model, results from multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RR Q5 vs. Q1 = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15–0.96), healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23–1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk. Conversely, the DII (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.72–3.50), a Western dietary pattern (RR = 2.16; 95% CI: 0.76–6.08) and unhealthy PDI (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 0.81–4.66) were associated with increased risk of obesity. Based on the cubic spline analysis, the association between an unhealthy PDI or diet quality with the risk of obesity was non-linear. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory diet, healthy diet or consumption of healthy plant-based foods were all associated with a lower risk of developing obesity.
Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity. Non-obese participants (n = 787) in the North West Adelaide Health Study were followed from 2010 to 2015. The dietary inflammatory index (DII[sup.®]), plant-based dietary index (PDI) and factor-derived dietary pattern scores were computed based on food frequency questionnaire data. We found the incidence of obesity was 7.62% at the 5-year follow up. In the adjusted model, results from multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RR[sub.Q5] vs. [sub.Q1] = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15–0.96), healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23–1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk. Conversely, the DII (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.72–3.50), a Western dietary pattern (RR = 2.16; 95% CI: 0.76–6.08) and unhealthy PDI (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 0.81–4.66) were associated with increased risk of obesity. Based on the cubic spline analysis, the association between an unhealthy PDI or diet quality with the risk of obesity was non-linear. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory diet, healthy diet or consumption of healthy plant-based foods were all associated with a lower risk of developing obesity.
Audience Academic
Author Melaku, Yohannes Adama
Shivappa, Nitin
Wang, Yoko B
Hébert, James R
Gill, Tiffany K
Page, Amanda J
AuthorAffiliation 1 Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; yokobrigitte.wang@adelaide.edu.au (Y.B.W.); amanda.page@adelaide.edu.au (A.J.P.)
4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
6 Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
3 Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; shivappa@email.sc.edu (N.S.); jhebert@mailbox.sc.edu (J.R.H.)
5 Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; tiffany.gill@adelaide.edu.au
2 Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
– name: 6 Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
– name: 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
– name: 3 Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; shivappa@email.sc.edu (N.S.); jhebert@mailbox.sc.edu (J.R.H.)
– name: 1 Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; yokobrigitte.wang@adelaide.edu.au (Y.B.W.); amanda.page@adelaide.edu.au (A.J.P.)
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Snippet Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship...
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SubjectTerms Alcohol
Anti-inflammatory diet
Chronic illnesses
Diet
diet quality
dietary inflammatory index
dietary pattern
Fatty acids
Food habits
Health care
Inflammation
Obesity
Overweight
plant-based diet
Plant-based foods
prospective study
Questionnaires
Risk
Risk factors
Socioeconomic factors
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Title Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Patterns, Plant-Based Dietary Index and the Risk of Obesity
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