Impact of nutritional recovery with linear growth on the concentrations of adipokines in undernourished children living in Brazilian slums

• Published in: British journal of nutrition Vol. 112; no. 6; pp. 937 - 944
• Main Authors: Martins, Vinicius J. B., Neves, Andrea P. O., Franco, Maria do C. P., Clemente, Ana P. G., Sawaya, Ana L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 28.09.2014
• Subjects: Adiponectin - blood; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Biological and medical sciences; Body Height; Bone Development; Brazil; Child; Child Development; Children; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Surveys and Nutritional Epidemiology; Epidemiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Growth Disorders - etiology; Growth Disorders - prevention & control; Human growth; Humans; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Leptin - blood; Male; Malnutrition; Malnutrition - blood; Malnutrition - diet therapy; Malnutrition - physiopathology; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; Nutritional status; Other nutritional diseases (malnutrition, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies...); Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - blood; Poverty Areas; Slums; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Waist Circumference; Weight Gain; Brazil; Sao Paulo Brazil; Adipokines; Undernutrition; Nutritional recovery; Human; Nutrition; Growth; Nutrition disorder; Adipokine; Concentration; Malnutrition; Child; Recovery
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514001743

Undernutrition in early life has been reported to be closely associated with the development of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Adequate treatment is important for reversing these effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of undernutrition and anthropometric recovery on the weights and heights of children in relation to the concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). A total of 119 children (aged 6–16 years) from the slums of São Paulo were selected according to their nutritional status and divided into three groups as follows: control (healthy without intervention, n 38) with a height-for-age Z score (HAZ) and a BMI-for-age Z score (BAZ) > − 1·6; undernourished (HAZ and/or BAZ < − 1·6, n 54); recovered from undernutrition (after treatment in a rehabilitation centre; HAZ and BAZ > − 1·6, n 27). Blood samples were collected to determine insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin and PAI-1 concentrations. Leptin concentrations in the undernourished group were lower than those in the control and recovered groups (mean 0·92 (95 % CI 0·67, 1·25), 2·03 (95 % CI 1·46, 2·82) and 1·66 (95 % CI 1·15, 2·44) ng/ml, P= 0·003), which had similar leptin concentrations. There were no differences in adiponectin and PAI-1 concentrations among the groups. A positive correlation between waist circumference and leptin concentrations was observed in all the girls and boys of the control group (control: r 0·729, P< 0·01; undernourished: r 0·490, P< 0·05; and recovered: r 0·829, P< 0·01; r 0·673, P< 0·05). Stronger correlations between leptin and insulin concentrations were observed in the recovered group. The results of the present study indicate that normal leptin concentrations are found when normal height and weight are achieved.