Feeding Children and Maintaining Food Service Operations during COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Investigation of Implementation and Financial Challenges

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs are critical for the health and food security of U.S. schoolchildren, but access to these programs was disrupted by COVID-19 pandemic-related school closures in spring 2020. While temporary policy changes...

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Published inNutrients Vol. 13; no. 8; p. 2691
Main Authors Kenney, Erica L, Dunn, Caroline G, Mozaffarian, Rebecca S, Dai, Jane, Wilson, Katie, West, Jeremy, Shen, Ye, Fleischhacker, Sheila, Bleich, Sara N
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2021
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Abstract The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs are critical for the health and food security of U.S. schoolchildren, but access to these programs was disrupted by COVID-19 pandemic-related school closures in spring 2020. While temporary policy changes to the programs enabled school food authorities (SFAs) to pivot towards distributing meals throughout their communities instead of within school buildings, SFAs faced complex challenges during COVID-19 with minimal external support. This mixed methods study investigates the implementation and financial challenges experienced by twelve of the largest urban SFAs in the U.S. during COVID-19. We conducted semi-structured interviews with SFA leaders and analyzed alongside quantitative financial data. We found that SFAs reconfigured their usual operations with nearly no preparation time while simultaneously trying to keep staff from contracting COVID-19, accommodate stakeholders with sometimes competing priorities, and remain financially solvent. Because student participation was much lower than during regular times, and revenue is tied to the number of meals served, SFAs saw drastic decreases in revenue even as they carried regular operating costs. For future crises, disaster preparedness plans that help SFAs better navigate the switch to financially viable community distribution methods are needed.
AbstractList The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs are critical for the health and food security of U.S. schoolchildren, but access to these programs was disrupted by COVID-19 pandemic-related school closures in spring 2020. While temporary policy changes to the programs enabled school food authorities (SFAs) to pivot towards distributing meals throughout their communities instead of within school buildings, SFAs faced complex challenges during COVID-19 with minimal external support. This mixed methods study investigates the implementation and financial challenges experienced by twelve of the largest urban SFAs in the U.S. during COVID-19. We conducted semi-structured interviews with SFA leaders and analyzed alongside quantitative financial data. We found that SFAs reconfigured their usual operations with nearly no preparation time while simultaneously trying to keep staff from contracting COVID-19, accommodate stakeholders with sometimes competing priorities, and remain financially solvent. Because student participation was much lower than during regular times, and revenue is tied to the number of meals served, SFAs saw drastic decreases in revenue even as they carried regular operating costs. For future crises, disaster preparedness plans that help SFAs better navigate the switch to financially viable community distribution methods are needed.
Audience Academic
Author Kenney, Erica L
Dai, Jane
Bleich, Sara N
Wilson, Katie
Shen, Ye
Fleischhacker, Sheila
Mozaffarian, Rebecca S
West, Jeremy
Dunn, Caroline G
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
4 Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA
1 Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; rmozaffa@hsph.harvard.edu
3 Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; cdunn@hsph.harvard.edu (C.G.D.); jdai@hsph.harvard.edu (J.D.); ye_shen@fas.harvard.edu (Y.S.); sbleich@hsph.harvard.edu (S.N.B.)
6 Georgetown University Law Center, 600 New Jersey Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA; sheilafly9@gmail.com
5 Urban School Food Alliance, 1612 K Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20006, USA; kwilson@urbanschoolfoodalliance.org (K.W.); jwest@urbanschoolfoodalliance.org (J.W.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; rmozaffa@hsph.harvard.edu
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– name: 3 Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; cdunn@hsph.harvard.edu (C.G.D.); jdai@hsph.harvard.edu (J.D.); ye_shen@fas.harvard.edu (Y.S.); sbleich@hsph.harvard.edu (S.N.B.)
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– name: 6 Georgetown University Law Center, 600 New Jersey Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA; sheilafly9@gmail.com
– name: 5 Urban School Food Alliance, 1612 K Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20006, USA; kwilson@urbanschoolfoodalliance.org (K.W.); jwest@urbanschoolfoodalliance.org (J.W.)
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SubjectTerms Agricultural economics
Analysis
Coronaviruses
costs
COVID-19
Elementary school students
Emergency preparedness
Food and nutrition
food insecurity
Food security
Food supply
implementation strategies
Investigations
Meals
Methods
Mixed methods research
Operating costs
Revenue
School buildings
School closures
School districts
school food service authority
School lunches
School lunchrooms, cafeterias, etc
school meals
Students
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Title Feeding Children and Maintaining Food Service Operations during COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Investigation of Implementation and Financial Challenges
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2565482742
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2566030778
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8401539
https://doaj.org/article/ce77ae76e6ee45b9b5bf55d88d1cf32c
Volume 13
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