Hierarchical Encoding Makes Individuals in a Group Seem More Attractive
In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect—people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this effect arises via an interplay of three cognitive phenomena: (a) The visual system automatically computes ensemble representations of faces presen...
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| Published in | Psychological science Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 230 - 235 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.01.2014
Sage Publications SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect—people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this effect arises via an interplay of three cognitive phenomena: (a) The visual system automatically computes ensemble representations of faces presented in a group, (b) individual members of the group are biased toward this ensemble average, and (c) average faces are attractive. Taken together, these phenomena suggest that individual faces will seem more attractive when presented in a group because they will appear more similar to the average group face, which is more attractive than group members' individual faces. We tested this hypothesis in five experiments in which subjects rated the attractiveness of faces presented either alone or in a group with the same gender. Our results were consistent with the cheerleader effect. |
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| AbstractList | In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect—people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this effect arises via an interplay of three cognitive phenomena: (a) The visual system automatically computes ensemble representations of faces presented in a group, (b) individual members of the group are biased toward this ensemble average, and (c) average faces are attractive. Taken together, these phenomena suggest that individual faces will seem more attractive when presented in a group because they will appear more similar to the average group face, which is more attractive than group members’ individual faces. We tested this hypothesis in five experiments in which subjects rated the attractiveness of faces presented either alone or in a group with the same gender. Our results were consistent with the cheerleader effect. In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect-people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this effect arises via an interplay of three cognitive phenomena: (a) The visual system automatically computes ensemble representations of faces presented in a group, (b) individual members of the group are biased toward this ensemble average, and (c) average faces are attractive. Taken together, these phenomena suggest that individual faces will seem more attractive when presented in a group because they will appear more similar to the average group face, which is more attractive than group members' individual faces. We tested this hypothesis in five experiments in which subjects rated the attractiveness of faces presented either alone or in a group with the same gender. Our results were consistent with the cheerleader effect.In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect-people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this effect arises via an interplay of three cognitive phenomena: (a) The visual system automatically computes ensemble representations of faces presented in a group, (b) individual members of the group are biased toward this ensemble average, and (c) average faces are attractive. Taken together, these phenomena suggest that individual faces will seem more attractive when presented in a group because they will appear more similar to the average group face, which is more attractive than group members' individual faces. We tested this hypothesis in five experiments in which subjects rated the attractiveness of faces presented either alone or in a group with the same gender. Our results were consistent with the cheerleader effect. In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect - people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this effect arises via an interplay of three cognitive phenomena: (a) The visual system automatically computes ensemble representations of faces presented in a group, (b) individual members of the group are biased toward this ensemble average, and (c) average faces are attractive. Taken together, these phenomena suggest that individual faces will seem more attractive when presented in a group because they will appear more similar to the average group face, which is more attractive than group members' individual faces. We tested this hypothesis in five experiments in which subjects rated the attractiveness of faces presented either alone or in a group with the same gender. Our results were consistent with the cheerleader effect. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect -- people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this effect arises via an interplay of three cognitive phenomena: (a) The visual system automatically computes ensemble representations of faces presented in a group, (b) individual members of the group are biased toward this ensemble average, and (c) average faces are attractive. Taken together, these phenomena suggest that individual faces will seem more attractive when presented in a group because they will appear more similar to the average group face, which is more attractive than group members' individual faces. We tested this hypothesis in five experiments in which subjects rated the attractiveness of faces presented either alone or in a group with the same gender. Our results were consistent with the cheerleader effect. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Walker, Drew Vul, Edward |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01750.x 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00079.x 10.1038/89532 10.1177/0956797610397956 10.1111/1467-9280.00327 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00022 10.1037/a0013899 10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00596-5 |
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| Keywords | face perception visual perception Human Social preference Coding Social group Vision Perception Experimental study Face Social cognition Social attraction |
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| References | Willis, Todorov 2006; 17 Ariely 2001; 12 Brady, Alvarez 2011; 22 Langlois, Roggman 1990; 1 Haberman, Whitney 2009; 35 Chong, Treisman 2003; 43 Parks, Lund, Angelucci, Solomon, Morgan 2001; 4 bibr7-0956797613497969 bibr2-0956797613497969 bibr1-0956797613497969 bibr3-0956797613497969 bibr6-0956797613497969 bibr5-0956797613497969 bibr4-0956797613497969 bibr9-0956797613497969 Rashid R. (bibr8-0956797613497969) 2008 |
| References_xml | – volume: 22 start-page: 384 year: 2011 end-page: 392 article-title: Hierarchical encoding in visual working memory: Ensemble statistics bias memory for individual items publication-title: Psychological Science – volume: 35 start-page: 718 year: 2009 end-page: 734 article-title: Seeing the mean: Ensemble coding for sets of faces publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance – volume: 4 start-page: 739 year: 2001 end-page: 744 article-title: Compulsory averaging of crowded orientation signals in human vision publication-title: Nature Neuroscience – volume: 12 start-page: 157 year: 2001 end-page: 162 article-title: Seeing sets: Representation by statistical properties publication-title: Psychological Science – volume: 17 start-page: 592 year: 2006 end-page: 598 article-title: First impressions: Making up your mind after a 100-ms exposure to a face publication-title: Psychological Science – volume: 1 start-page: 115 year: 1990 end-page: 121 article-title: Attractive faces are only average publication-title: Psychological Science – volume: 43 start-page: 393 year: 2003 end-page: 404 article-title: Representation of statistical properties publication-title: Vision Research – ident: bibr9-0956797613497969 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01750.x – ident: bibr5-0956797613497969 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00079.x – ident: bibr6-0956797613497969 doi: 10.1038/89532 – ident: bibr2-0956797613497969 doi: 10.1177/0956797610397956 – ident: bibr1-0956797613497969 doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00327 – ident: bibr7-0956797613497969 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00022 – volume-title: How I met your mother year: 2008 ident: bibr8-0956797613497969 – ident: bibr4-0956797613497969 doi: 10.1037/a0013899 – ident: bibr3-0956797613497969 doi: 10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00596-5 |
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| Snippet | In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect—people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this... In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect-people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this... In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect -- people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this... In the research reported here, we found evidence of the cheerleader effect - people seem more attractive in a group than in isolation. We propose that this... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Arithmetic mean Beauty Biological and medical sciences Cognition & reasoning Experiments Face Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gender Group attraction Group membership Group size Groups Humans Male Men Perception Physical attractiveness Portrait photography Psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Research Report Social interactions. Communication. Group processes Social psychology Standard deviation Vision Visual perception Visual Perception - physiology Visual system Young Adult Z score |
| Title | Hierarchical Encoding Makes Individuals in a Group Seem More Attractive |
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