Pearl aquaculture—profitable environmental remediation?
Bivalve molluscs are filter feeders, with pearl oysters able to filter water at rates up to 25 l h −1 g −1 of dry wt. tissue. Since this process leads to rapid bioaccumulation of recalcitrant pollutants such as heavy metals, organochlorine pesticides and hydrocarbons from impacted sites, it has prom...
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Published in | The Science of the total environment Vol. 319; no. 1; pp. 27 - 37 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Shannon
Elsevier B.V
05.02.2004
Elsevier Science |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Bivalve molluscs are filter feeders, with pearl oysters able to filter water at rates up to 25 l
h
−1
g
−1 of dry wt. tissue. Since this process leads to rapid bioaccumulation of recalcitrant pollutants such as heavy metals, organochlorine pesticides and hydrocarbons from impacted sites, it has prompted the widespread use of molluscs as biomonitors to quantify levels of marine pollution. This paper proposes pearl oyster deployment as a novel bioremediation technology for impacted sites to remove toxic contaminants, reduce nutrient loads and lower concentrations of microbial pathogens. Estimates extrapolated from the literature suggest that a modest pearl oyster farm of 100 t oyster material per year could remove 300 kg heavy metals plus 24 kg of organic contaminants via deposition into the tissue and shell. Furthermore, it was estimated that up to 19 kg of nitrogen may be removed from the coastal ecosystem per tonne of pearl oyster harvested. Pearl oysters are also likely to filter substantial amounts of sewage associated microbial pathogens from the water column. Method of cultivation and site selection are the key to minimising negative environmental impacts of bivalve cultivation. Deployment of oysters at sites with high nutrient and contaminant loadings would be advantageous, as these compounds would be removed from the ecosystem whilst generating a value-added product. Future potential may exist for harvesting bio-concentrated elements for commercial production. |
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AbstractList | Bivalve molluscs are filter feeders, with pearl oysters able to filter water at rates up to 25 l h super(-1) g super(-1) of dry wt. tissue. Since this process leads to rapid bioaccumulation of recalcitrant pollutants such as heavy metals, organochlorine pesticides and hydrocarbons from impacted sites, it has prompted the widespread use of molluscs as biomonitors to quantify levels of marine pollution. This paper proposes pearl oyster deployment as a novel bioremediation technology for impacted sites to remove toxic contaminants, reduce nutrient loads and lower concentrations of microbial pathogens. Estimates extrapolated from the literature suggest that a modest pearl oyster farm of 100 t oyster material per year could remove 300 kg heavy metals plus 24 kg of organic contaminants via deposition into the tissue and shell. Furthermore, it was estimated that up to 19 kg of nitrogen may be removed from the coastal ecosystem per tonne of pearl oyster harvested. Pearl oysters are also likely to filter substantial amounts of sewage associated microbial pathogens from the water column. Method of cultivation and site selection are the key to minimising negative environmental impacts of bivalve cultivation. Deployment of oysters at sites with high nutrient and contaminant loadings would be advantageous, as these compounds would be removed from the ecosystem whilst generating a value- added product. Future potential may exist for harvesting bio-concentrated elements for commercial production. Bivalve molluscs are filter feeders, with pearl oysters able to filter water at rates up to 25 l h −1 g −1 of dry wt. tissue. Since this process leads to rapid bioaccumulation of recalcitrant pollutants such as heavy metals, organochlorine pesticides and hydrocarbons from impacted sites, it has prompted the widespread use of molluscs as biomonitors to quantify levels of marine pollution. This paper proposes pearl oyster deployment as a novel bioremediation technology for impacted sites to remove toxic contaminants, reduce nutrient loads and lower concentrations of microbial pathogens. Estimates extrapolated from the literature suggest that a modest pearl oyster farm of 100 t oyster material per year could remove 300 kg heavy metals plus 24 kg of organic contaminants via deposition into the tissue and shell. Furthermore, it was estimated that up to 19 kg of nitrogen may be removed from the coastal ecosystem per tonne of pearl oyster harvested. Pearl oysters are also likely to filter substantial amounts of sewage associated microbial pathogens from the water column. Method of cultivation and site selection are the key to minimising negative environmental impacts of bivalve cultivation. Deployment of oysters at sites with high nutrient and contaminant loadings would be advantageous, as these compounds would be removed from the ecosystem whilst generating a value-added product. Future potential may exist for harvesting bio-concentrated elements for commercial production. Bivalve molluscs are filter feeders, with pearl oysters able to filter water at rates up to 25 lh(-1)g(-1) of dry wt. tissue. Since this process leads to rapid bioaccumulation of recalcitrant pollutants such as heavy metals, organochlorine pesticides and hydrocarbons from impacted sites, it has prompted the widespread use of molluscs as biomonitors to quantify levels of marine pollution. This paper proposes pearl oyster deployment as a novel bioremediation technology for impacted sites to remove toxic contaminants, reduce nutrient loads and lower concentrations of microbial pathogens. Estimates extrapolated from the literature suggest that a modest pearl oyster farm of 100 t oyster material per year could remove 300 kg heavy metals plus 24 kg of organic contaminants via deposition into the tissue and shell. Furthermore, it was estimated that up to 19 kg of nitrogen may be removed from the coastal ecosystem per tonne of pearl oyster harvested. Pearl oysters are also likely to filter substantial amounts of sewage associated microbial pathogens from the water column. Method of cultivation and site selection are the key to minimising negative environmental impacts of bivalve cultivation. Deployment of oysters at sites with high nutrient and contaminant loadings would be advantageous, as these compounds would be removed from the ecosystem whilst generating a value-added product. Future potential may exist for harvesting bio-concentrated elements for commercial production. |
Author | Dunstan, R.H. O'Connor, W. Roberts, T. Gifford, S. Toia, R. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: S. surname: Gifford fullname: Gifford, S. organization: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: R.H. surname: Dunstan fullname: Dunstan, R.H. email: Hugh.Dunstan@alinga.newcastle.edu.au organization: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: W. surname: O'Connor fullname: O'Connor, W. organization: NSW Fisheries, Port Stephens Fisheries Centre, Taylors Beach, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: T. surname: Roberts fullname: Roberts, T. organization: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: R. surname: Toia fullname: Toia, R. organization: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia |
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Keywords | Pollutant cycling Pinctada Bioaccumulation Water quality Hydrocarbons Bioremediation Heavy metals Eutrophication Microbiology Oyster farming Coastal zone Marine environment Decontamination Bivalvia Site selection Ecosystem Pathogenic Organic compounds Seawater Hydrocarbon Pesticides Nitrogen Heavy metal Pearl Environment impact Nutrient Water pollution Invertebrata Mollusca Biological accumulation Aquaculture |
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Snippet | Bivalve molluscs are filter feeders, with pearl oysters able to filter water at rates up to 25 l
h
−1
g
−1 of dry wt. tissue. Since this process leads to rapid... Bivalve molluscs are filter feeders, with pearl oysters able to filter water at rates up to 25 lh(-1)g(-1) of dry wt. tissue. Since this process leads to rapid... Bivalve molluscs are filter feeders, with pearl oysters able to filter water at rates up to 25 l h super(-1) g super(-1) of dry wt. tissue. Since this process... |
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SubjectTerms | Animal aquaculture Animal productions Animals Applied sciences Aquaculture - economics Bioaccumulation Biological and medical sciences Biological treatment of waters Bioremediation Biotechnology Bivalvia Brackish Environment and pollution Eutrophication Exact sciences and technology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Heavy metals Hydrocarbons Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Invertebrate aquaculture Marine Metals, Heavy - pharmacokinetics Mollusca Natural water pollution Nitrogen - metabolism Ostreidae Ostreidae - metabolism Ostreoida Pinctada Pollutant cycling Pollution Seawaters, estuaries Water Pollutants - pharmacokinetics Water Pollution - prevention & control Water quality Water treatment and pollution |
Title | Pearl aquaculture—profitable environmental remediation? |
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