Bifunctional Molecular Photoswitches Based on Overcrowded Alkenes for Dynamic Control of Catalytic Activity in Michael Addition Reactions

The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light‐responsive systems allowing for dynamic control of activity and selectivity in organocatalysis and metal‐catalysed transformations. While our group has already disclosed systems featur...

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Published inChemistry : a European journal Vol. 23; no. 25; pp. 6174 - 6184
Main Authors Pizzolato, Stefano F., Collins, Beatrice S. L., van Leeuwen, Thomas, Feringa, Ben L.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published WEINHEIM Wiley 02.05.2017
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Abstract The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light‐responsive systems allowing for dynamic control of activity and selectivity in organocatalysis and metal‐catalysed transformations. While our group has already disclosed systems featuring first generation molecular motors as the switchable central core, a design based on second generation molecular motors is lacking. Here, the syntheses of two bifunctionalised molecular switches based on a photoresponsive tetrasubstituted alkene core are reported. They feature a thiourea substituent as hydrogen‐donor moiety in the upper half and a basic dimethylamine group in the lower half. This combination of functional groups offers the possibility for application of these molecules in photoswitchable catalytic processes. The light‐responsive central cores were synthesized by a Barton–Kellogg coupling of the prefunctionalized upper and lower halves. Derivatization using Buchwald–Hartwig amination and subsequent introduction of the thiourea substituent afforded the target compounds. Control of catalytic activity in the Michael addition reaction between (E)‐3‐bromo‐β‐nitrostyrene and 2,4‐pentanedione is achieved upon irradiation of stable‐(E) and stable‐(Z) isomers of the bifunctional catalyst 1. Both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches. Clap on, clap off: The synthesis of two bifunctional molecular switches and the experimental study of their photochemical and catalytic behaviour is presented. Dynamic control of catalytic activity of the Michael addition reaction is achieved upon irradiation of stable‐(E)‐1 and stable‐(Z)‐1. This demonstrates that both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches.
AbstractList The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light-responsive systems allowing for dynamic control of activity and selectivity in organocatalysis and metal-catalysed transformations. While our group has already disclosed systems featuring first generation molecular motors as the switchable central core, a design based on second generation molecular motors is lacking. Here, the syntheses of two bifunctionalised molecular switches based on a photoresponsive tetrasubstituted alkene core are reported. They feature a thiourea substituent as hydrogen-donor moiety in the upper half and a basic dimethylamine group in the lower half. This combination of functional groups offers the possibility for application of these molecules in photoswitchable catalytic processes. The light-responsive central cores were synthesized by a Barton-Kellogg coupling of the prefunctionalized upper and lower halves. Derivatization using Buchwald-Hartwig amination and subsequent introduction of the thiourea substituent afforded the target compounds. Control of catalytic activity in the Michael addition reaction between (E)-3-bromo--nitrostyrene and 2,4-pentanedione is achieved upon irradiation of stable-(E) and stable-(Z) isomers of the bifunctional catalyst 1. Both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches.
The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light‐responsive systems allowing for dynamic control of activity and selectivity in organocatalysis and metal‐catalysed transformations. While our group has already disclosed systems featuring first generation molecular motors as the switchable central core, a design based on second generation molecular motors is lacking. Here, the syntheses of two bifunctionalised molecular switches based on a photoresponsive tetrasubstituted alkene core are reported. They feature a thiourea substituent as hydrogen‐donor moiety in the upper half and a basic dimethylamine group in the lower half. This combination of functional groups offers the possibility for application of these molecules in photoswitchable catalytic processes. The light‐responsive central cores were synthesized by a Barton–Kellogg coupling of the prefunctionalized upper and lower halves. Derivatization using Buchwald–Hartwig amination and subsequent introduction of the thiourea substituent afforded the target compounds. Control of catalytic activity in the Michael addition reaction between (E)‐3‐bromo‐β‐nitrostyrene and 2,4‐pentanedione is achieved upon irradiation of stable‐(E) and stable‐(Z) isomers of the bifunctional catalyst 1. Both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches. Clap on, clap off: The synthesis of two bifunctional molecular switches and the experimental study of their photochemical and catalytic behaviour is presented. Dynamic control of catalytic activity of the Michael addition reaction is achieved upon irradiation of stable‐(E)‐1 and stable‐(Z)‐1. This demonstrates that both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches.
The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light-responsive systems allowing for dynamic control of activity and selectivity in organocatalysis and metal-catalysed transformations. While our group has already disclosed systems featuring first generation molecular motors as the switchable central core, a design based on second generation molecular motors is lacking. Here, the syntheses of two bifunctionalised molecular switches based on a photoresponsive tetrasubstituted alkene core are reported. They feature a thiourea substituent as hydrogen-donor moiety in the upper half and a basic dimethylamine group in the lower half. This combination of functional groups offers the possibility for application of these molecules in photoswitchable catalytic processes. The light-responsive central cores were synthesized by a Barton-Kellogg coupling of the prefunctionalized upper and lower halves. Derivatization using Buchwald-Hartwig amination and subsequent introduction of the thiourea substituent afforded the target compounds. Control of catalytic activity in the Michael addition reaction between (E)-3-bromo-[beta]-nitrostyrene and 2,4-pentanedione is achieved upon irradiation of stable-(E) and stable-(Z) isomers of the bifunctional catalyst 1. Both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches.
The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light-responsive systems allowing for dynamic control of activity and selectivity in organocatalysis and metal-catalysed transformations. While our group has already disclosed systems featuring first generation molecular motors as the switchable central core, a design based on second generation molecular motors is lacking. Here, the syntheses of two bifunctionalised molecular switches based on a photoresponsive tetrasubstituted alkene core are reported. They feature a thiourea substituent as hydrogen-donor moiety in the upper half and a basic dimethylamine group in the lower half. This combination of functional groups offers the possibility for application of these molecules in photoswitchable catalytic processes. The light-responsive central cores were synthesized by a Barton-Kellogg coupling of the prefunctionalized upper and lower halves. Derivatization using Buchwald-Hartwig amination and subsequent introduction of the thiourea substituent afforded the target compounds. Control of catalytic activity in the Michael addition reaction between (E)-3-bromo-β-nitrostyrene and 2,4-pentanedione is achieved upon irradiation of stable-(E) and stable-(Z) isomers of the bifunctional catalyst 1. Both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches.The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light-responsive systems allowing for dynamic control of activity and selectivity in organocatalysis and metal-catalysed transformations. While our group has already disclosed systems featuring first generation molecular motors as the switchable central core, a design based on second generation molecular motors is lacking. Here, the syntheses of two bifunctionalised molecular switches based on a photoresponsive tetrasubstituted alkene core are reported. They feature a thiourea substituent as hydrogen-donor moiety in the upper half and a basic dimethylamine group in the lower half. This combination of functional groups offers the possibility for application of these molecules in photoswitchable catalytic processes. The light-responsive central cores were synthesized by a Barton-Kellogg coupling of the prefunctionalized upper and lower halves. Derivatization using Buchwald-Hartwig amination and subsequent introduction of the thiourea substituent afforded the target compounds. Control of catalytic activity in the Michael addition reaction between (E)-3-bromo-β-nitrostyrene and 2,4-pentanedione is achieved upon irradiation of stable-(E) and stable-(Z) isomers of the bifunctional catalyst 1. Both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches.
The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light‐responsive systems allowing for dynamic control of activity and selectivity in organocatalysis and metal‐catalysed transformations. While our group has already disclosed systems featuring first generation molecular motors as the switchable central core, a design based on second generation molecular motors is lacking. Here, the syntheses of two bifunctionalised molecular switches based on a photoresponsive tetrasubstituted alkene core are reported. They feature a thiourea substituent as hydrogen‐donor moiety in the upper half and a basic dimethylamine group in the lower half. This combination of functional groups offers the possibility for application of these molecules in photoswitchable catalytic processes. The light‐responsive central cores were synthesized by a Barton–Kellogg coupling of the prefunctionalized upper and lower halves. Derivatization using Buchwald–Hartwig amination and subsequent introduction of the thiourea substituent afforded the target compounds. Control of catalytic activity in the Michael addition reaction between ( E )‐3‐bromo‐β‐nitrostyrene and 2,4‐pentanedione is achieved upon irradiation of stable‐( E ) and stable‐( Z ) isomers of the bifunctional catalyst 1 . Both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches.
The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light-responsive systems allowing for dynamic control of activity and selectivity in organocatalysis and metal-catalysed transformations. While our group has already disclosed systems featuring first generation molecular motors as the switchable central core, a design based on second generation molecular motors is lacking. Here, the syntheses of two bifunctionalised molecular switches based on a photoresponsive tetrasubstituted alkene core are reported. They feature a thiourea substituent as hydrogen-donor moiety in the upper half and a basic dimethylamine group in the lower half. This combination of functional groups offers the possibility for application of these molecules in photoswitchable catalytic processes. The light-responsive central cores were synthesized by a Barton-Kellogg coupling of the prefunctionalized upper and lower halves. Derivatization using Buchwald-Hartwig amination and subsequent introduction of the thiourea substituent afforded the target compounds. Control of catalytic activity in the Michael addition reaction between (E)-3-bromo-β-nitrostyrene and 2,4-pentanedione is achieved upon irradiation of stable-(E) and stable-(Z) isomers of the bifunctional catalyst 1. Both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches.
Author Pizzolato, Stefano F.
Collins, Beatrice S. L.
Feringa, Ben L.
van Leeuwen, Thomas
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  givenname: Ben L.
  surname: Feringa
  fullname: Feringa, Ben L.
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  organization: University of Groningen
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Issue 25
Keywords Michael addition
ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS
activity control
LIGHT
BAYLIS-HILLMAN REACTION
ROTAXANE
AMINE-THIOUREAS
photoswitchable catalysts
CHEMICAL-REACTIONS
BOND DONORS
photochemistry
SWITCHABLE ORGANOCATALYST
BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN
MOTORS
molecular switches
Language English
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PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2017
  text: May 2, 2017
  day: 02
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace WEINHEIM
PublicationPlace_xml – name: WEINHEIM
– name: Germany
– name: Weinheim
PublicationSubtitle A European Journal
PublicationTitle Chemistry : a European journal
PublicationTitleAbbrev CHEM-EUR J
PublicationTitleAlternate Chemistry
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher Wiley
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Publisher_xml – name: Wiley
– name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
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Snippet The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light‐responsive systems allowing for dynamic...
The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light-responsive systems allowing for dynamic...
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SubjectTerms activity control
Alkenes
Amination
Beta rays
Catalysis
Catalytic activity
Chemistry
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Coupling (molecular)
Dynamic control
Functional groups
Irradiation
Isomers
Metastable state
Michael addition
Michael reaction
Molecular machines
Molecular motors
molecular switches
photochemistry
photoswitchable catalysts
Physical Sciences
Science & Technology
Selectivity
Switches
Thiourea
Thioureas
Title Bifunctional Molecular Photoswitches Based on Overcrowded Alkenes for Dynamic Control of Catalytic Activity in Michael Addition Reactions
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fchem.201604966
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=FullRecord&UT=000400580000043
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27880015
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1895084885
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1843916836
Volume 23
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