Design and Analysis of Arm-in-Cage Experiments: Inference for Three-State Progressive Disease Models with Common Periodic Observation Times

We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments. In these experiments, a controlled amount of the treatment is applied to a volunteer's forearm, which then is exposed to the insects by...

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Published inBiometrics Vol. 64; no. 2; pp. 337 - 344
Main Authors Griffin, B. A., Lagakos, S. W.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Malden, USA Blackwell Publishing Inc 01.06.2008
Blackwell Publishing
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Abstract We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments. In these experiments, a controlled amount of the treatment is applied to a volunteer's forearm, which then is exposed to the insects by being placed into a special cage. Arms are not kept in the cages continuously, but rather placed there periodically for a brief period of time, during which it is noted whether an insect lands (but does not bite) or (lands and) bites. Efficacy of a repellent can be described using a progressive three-state model in which the first two states represent varying degrees of protection (no landing and landing without biting) and the third state occurs once protection is completely lost (biting). Because subjects within a treatment group follow the same cage visit schedule, transition times between states are interval censored into one of several fixed intervals. We develop an approach that uses a mixture of nonparametric and parametric techniques for estimating the parameters of interest when sojourn times are dependent. Design considerations for arm-in-cage experiments are addressed and the proposed methods are illustrated on data from a recent arm-in-cage experiment as well as simulated data. /// Nous développons des méthodes statistiques pour planifier et analyser les expériences "arm-in-cage" utilisées pour tester l'efficacité des insecticides et autres traitements tropicaux. Dans ces expériences, une quantité contrôlée de traitement est appliquée sur l'avant-bras d'un volontaire qui est ensuite exposé aux insectes en étant placé dans une cage spéciale. Les bras ne sont pas maintenus dans les cages de façon continue, mais placés là de façon périodique pour une brève période de temps, pendant laquelle on note si un insecte se pose (mais ne pique pas) ou (se pose) et pique. L'efficacité d'un insecticide peut être décrite en utilisant un modèle à trois états progressifs dans lequel les deux premiers états représentent les degrés de protection (pas de pose et pose sans piqûre) et le troisième état survient une fois que la protection est complément perdue (piqûre). Comme les sujets à l'intérieur d'un groupe de traitement suivent le même planning de visites de cages, les temps de transition entre les états sont un intervalle censuré composés de un ou plusieurs intervalles fixés. Nous développons une approche qui utilise un mélange de techniques paramétriques et non paramétriques pour estimer les paramètres d'intérêt quand les temps de séjour sont dépendants. Nous adressons des recommandations pour la planification d'expériences "arm-in-cage" et illustrons les méthodes proposées sur des données issues d'une expérience "arm-in-cage" récente aussi bien que sur des données simulées.
AbstractList Summary We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm‐in‐cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments. In these experiments, a controlled amount of the treatment is applied to a volunteer's forearm, which then is exposed to the insects by being placed into a special cage. Arms are not kept in the cages continuously, but rather placed there periodically for a brief period of time, during which it is noted whether an insect lands (but does not bite) or (lands and) bites. Efficacy of a repellent can be described using a progressive three‐state model in which the first two states represent varying degrees of protection (no landing and landing without biting) and the third state occurs once protection is completely lost (biting). Because subjects within a treatment group follow the same cage visit schedule, transition times between states are interval censored into one of several fixed intervals. We develop an approach that uses a mixture of nonparametric and parametric techniques for estimating the parameters of interest when sojourn times are dependent. Design considerations for arm‐in‐cage experiments are addressed and the proposed methods are illustrated on data from a recent arm‐in‐cage experiment as well as simulated data.
We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments. In these experiments, a controlled amount of the treatment is applied to a volunteer's forearm, which then is exposed to the insects by being placed into a special cage. Arms are not kept in the cages continuously, but rather placed there periodically for a brief period of time, during which it is noted whether an insect lands (but does not bite) or (lands and) bites. Efficacy of a repellent can be described using a progressive three-state model in which the first two states represent varying degrees of protection (no landing and landing without biting) and the third state occurs once protection is completely lost (biting). Because subjects within a treatment group follow the same cage visit schedule, transition times between states are interval censored into one of several fixed intervals. We develop an approach that uses a mixture of nonparametric and parametric techniques for estimating the parameters of interest when sojourn times are dependent. Design considerations for arm-in-cage experiments are addressed and the proposed methods are illustrated on data from a recent arm-in-cage experiment as well as simulated data. /// Nous développons des méthodes statistiques pour planifier et analyser les expériences "arm-in-cage" utilisées pour tester l'efficacité des insecticides et autres traitements tropicaux. Dans ces expériences, une quantité contrôlée de traitement est appliquée sur l'avant-bras d'un volontaire qui est ensuite exposé aux insectes en étant placé dans une cage spéciale. Les bras ne sont pas maintenus dans les cages de façon continue, mais placés là de façon périodique pour une brève période de temps, pendant laquelle on note si un insecte se pose (mais ne pique pas) ou (se pose) et pique. L'efficacité d'un insecticide peut être décrite en utilisant un modèle à trois états progressifs dans lequel les deux premiers états représentent les degrés de protection (pas de pose et pose sans piqûre) et le troisième état survient une fois que la protection est complément perdue (piqûre). Comme les sujets à l'intérieur d'un groupe de traitement suivent le même planning de visites de cages, les temps de transition entre les états sont un intervalle censuré composés de un ou plusieurs intervalles fixés. Nous développons une approche qui utilise un mélange de techniques paramétriques et non paramétriques pour estimer les paramètres d'intérêt quand les temps de séjour sont dépendants. Nous adressons des recommandations pour la planification d'expériences "arm-in-cage" et illustrons les méthodes proposées sur des données issues d'une expérience "arm-in-cage" récente aussi bien que sur des données simulées.
We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments. In these experiments, a controlled amount of the treatment is applied to a volunteer's forearm, which then is exposed to the insects by being placed into a special cage. Arms are not kept in the cages continuously, but rather placed there periodically for a brief period of time, during which it is noted whether an insect lands (but does not bite) or (lands and) bites. Efficacy of a repellent can be described using a progressive three-state model in which the first two states represent varying degrees of protection (no landing and landing without biting) and the third state occurs once protection is completely lost (biting). Because subjects within a treatment group follow the same cage visit schedule, transition times between states are interval censored into one of several fixed intervals. We develop an approach that uses a mixture of nonparametric and parametric techniques for estimating the parameters of interest when sojourn times are dependent. Design considerations for arm-in-cage experiments are addressed and the proposed methods are illustrated on data from a recent arm-in-cage experiment as well as simulated data.
Summary; We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments. In these experiments, a controlled amount of the treatment is applied to a volunteer's forearm, which then is exposed to the insects by being placed into a special cage. Arms are not kept in the cages continuously, but rather placed there periodically for a brief period of time, during which it is noted whether an insect lands (but does not bite) or (lands and) bites. Efficacy of a repellent can be described using a progressive three-state model in which the first two states represent varying degrees of protection (no landing and landing without biting) and the third state occurs once protection is completely lost (biting). Because subjects within a treatment group follow the same cage visit schedule, transition times between states are interval censored into one of several fixed intervals. We develop an approach that uses a mixture of nonparametric and parametric techniques for estimating the parameters of interest when sojourn times are dependent. Design considerations for arm-in-cage experiments are addressed and the proposed methods are illustrated on data from a recent arm-in-cage experiment as well as simulated data.
We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments. In these experiments, a controlled amount of the treatment is applied to a volunteer's forearm, which then is exposed to the insects by being placed into a special cage. Arms are not kept in the cages continuously, but rather placed there periodically for a brief period of time, during which it is noted whether an insect lands (but does not bite) or (lands and) bites. Efficacy of a repellent can be described using a progressive three-state model in which the first two states represent varying degrees of protection (no landing and landing without biting) and the third state occurs once protection is completely lost (biting). Because subjects within a treatment group follow the same cage visit schedule, transition times between states are interval censored into one of several fixed intervals. We develop an approach that uses a mixture of nonparametric and parametric techniques for estimating the parameters of interest when sojourn times are dependent. Design considerations for arm-in-cage experiments are addressed and the proposed methods are illustrated on data from a recent arm-in-cage experiment as well as simulated data. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments. In these experiments, a controlled amount of the treatment is applied to a volunteer's forearm, which then is exposed to the insects by being placed into a special cage. Arms are not kept in the cages continuously, but rather placed there periodically for a brief period of time, during which it is noted whether an insect lands (but does not bite) or (lands and) bites. Efficacy of a repellent can be described using a progressive three-state model in which the first two states represent varying degrees of protection (no landing and landing without biting) and the third state occurs once protection is completely lost (biting). Because subjects within a treatment group follow the same cage visit schedule, transition times between states are interval censored into one of several fixed intervals. We develop an approach that uses a mixture of nonparametric and parametric techniques for estimating the parameters of interest when sojourn times are dependent. Design considerations for arm-in-cage experiments are addressed and the proposed methods are illustrated on data from a recent arm-in-cage experiment as well as simulated data.We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments. In these experiments, a controlled amount of the treatment is applied to a volunteer's forearm, which then is exposed to the insects by being placed into a special cage. Arms are not kept in the cages continuously, but rather placed there periodically for a brief period of time, during which it is noted whether an insect lands (but does not bite) or (lands and) bites. Efficacy of a repellent can be described using a progressive three-state model in which the first two states represent varying degrees of protection (no landing and landing without biting) and the third state occurs once protection is completely lost (biting). Because subjects within a treatment group follow the same cage visit schedule, transition times between states are interval censored into one of several fixed intervals. We develop an approach that uses a mixture of nonparametric and parametric techniques for estimating the parameters of interest when sojourn times are dependent. Design considerations for arm-in-cage experiments are addressed and the proposed methods are illustrated on data from a recent arm-in-cage experiment as well as simulated data.
Author Lagakos, S. W.
Griffin, B. A.
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Frydman H. (e_1_2_9_7_1) 1992; 54
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Snippet We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical treatments....
Summary We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm‐in‐cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical...
Summary We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm‐in‐cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical...
Summary; We develop statistical methods for designing and analyzing arm-in-cage experiments used to test the efficacy of insect repellents and other topical...
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SubjectTerms Arm-in-cage experiments
Biometric Methodology
Biometrics
biometry
Bites and stings
cages
Censored data
Censorship
Computer Simulation
Cumulative distribution functions
Data Interpretation, Statistical
Design analysis
Design of experiments
Disease models
Disease Progression
Distribution functions
Effectiveness
Experiment design
Humans
Insect Bites and Stings - epidemiology
Insect Bites and Stings - prevention & control
insect repellents
Insect Repellents - administration & dosage
Insect vectors
insects
Interval censoring
Models, Biological
Nonparametric methods
Parametric methods
Pest control
Prevalence
Product testing
Research Design
Sample Size
Statistical analysis
Three-state progressive disease model
Time-to-event data
Title Design and Analysis of Arm-in-Cage Experiments: Inference for Three-State Progressive Disease Models with Common Periodic Observation Times
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-C8L7HFH5-M/fulltext.pdf
https://www.jstor.org/stable/25502068
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1541-0420.2007.00926.x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17970816
https://www.proquest.com/docview/213834413
https://www.proquest.com/docview/20916357
https://www.proquest.com/docview/47688711
https://www.proquest.com/docview/70747296
Volume 64
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