FIB-4 Index and Liver Stiffness Measurement are Potential Predictors of Atherosclerosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD surveillance is important, but it is not well established. We evaluated the association between liver fibrosis, carotid artery atheroscleros...
Saved in:
| Published in | Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. 239 - 252 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
Japan Atherosclerosis Society
01.02.2025
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD surveillance is important, but it is not well established. We evaluated the association between liver fibrosis, carotid artery atherosclerosis, and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD.Methods: Overall, 153 patients with MASLD who underwent carotid artery ultrasound were enrolled. Maximum intima–media thickness including plaques (Max-IMT) was measured by ultrasound. To predict liver fibrosis, liver stiffness was measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography and the fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) index was calculated. Coronary computed tomography angiography was performed to detect coronary artery stenosis based on a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.1 mm.Results: The median Max-IMT was 1.3 mm, and 63 patients (41.2%) had a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.5 mm. FIB-4 index and liver stiffness was significantly correlated with Max-IMT, respectively (ρ=0.356, p＜0.001, ρ=0.25, p=0.002). Liver stiffness was significantly associated with a Max-IMT of ≥1.5 mm, independent of age. Individuals with higher FIB-4 index had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently. Individuals with higher LSM level also had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently, especially severe stenosis.Conclusions: Liver fibrosis parameters were associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis. Evaluation of liver fibrosis may be useful to identify significant atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Aims:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD surveillance is important, but it is not well established. We evaluated the association between liver fibrosis, carotid artery atherosclerosis, and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD.
Methods:
Overall, 153 patients with MASLD who underwent carotid artery ultrasound were enrolled. Maximum intima–media thickness including plaques (Max-IMT) was measured by ultrasound. To predict liver fibrosis, liver stiffness was measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography and the fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) index was calculated. Coronary computed tomography angiography was performed to detect coronary artery stenosis based on a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.1 mm.
Results:
The median Max-IMT was 1.3 mm, and 63 patients (41.2%) had a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.5 mm. FIB-4 index and liver stiffness was significantly correlated with Max-IMT, respectively (ρ=0.356,
p
＜0.001, ρ=0.25,
p
=0.002). Liver stiffness was significantly associated with a Max-IMT of ≥1.5 mm, independent of age. Individuals with higher FIB-4 index had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently. Individuals with higher LSM level also had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently, especially severe stenosis.
Conclusions:
Liver fibrosis parameters were associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis. Evaluation of liver fibrosis may be useful to identify significant atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD surveillance is important, but it is not well established. We evaluated the association between liver fibrosis, carotid artery atherosclerosis, and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD. Overall, 153 patients with MASLD who underwent carotid artery ultrasound were enrolled. Maximum intima-media thickness including plaques (Max-IMT) was measured by ultrasound. To predict liver fibrosis, liver stiffness was measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography and the fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) index was calculated. Coronary computed tomography angiography was performed to detect coronary artery stenosis based on a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.1 mm. The median Max-IMT was 1.3 mm, and 63 patients (41.2%) had a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.5 mm. FIB-4 index and liver stiffness was significantly correlated with Max-IMT, respectively (ρ=0.356, p＜0.001, ρ=0.25, p=0.002). Liver stiffness was significantly associated with a Max-IMT of ≥1.5 mm, independent of age. Individuals with higher FIB-4 index had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently. Individuals with higher LSM level also had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently, especially severe stenosis. Liver fibrosis parameters were associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis. Evaluation of liver fibrosis may be useful to identify significant atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD surveillance is important, but it is not well established. We evaluated the association between liver fibrosis, carotid artery atherosclerosis, and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD.AIMSCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD surveillance is important, but it is not well established. We evaluated the association between liver fibrosis, carotid artery atherosclerosis, and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD.Overall, 153 patients with MASLD who underwent carotid artery ultrasound were enrolled. Maximum intima-media thickness including plaques (Max-IMT) was measured by ultrasound. To predict liver fibrosis, liver stiffness was measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography and the fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) index was calculated. Coronary computed tomography angiography was performed to detect coronary artery stenosis based on a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.1 mm.METHODSOverall, 153 patients with MASLD who underwent carotid artery ultrasound were enrolled. Maximum intima-media thickness including plaques (Max-IMT) was measured by ultrasound. To predict liver fibrosis, liver stiffness was measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography and the fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) index was calculated. Coronary computed tomography angiography was performed to detect coronary artery stenosis based on a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.1 mm.The median Max-IMT was 1.3 mm, and 63 patients (41.2%) had a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.5 mm. FIB-4 index and liver stiffness was significantly correlated with Max-IMT, respectively (ρ=0.356, p＜0.001, ρ=0.25, p=0.002). Liver stiffness was significantly associated with a Max-IMT of ≥1.5 mm, independent of age. Individuals with higher FIB-4 index had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently. Individuals with higher LSM level also had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently, especially severe stenosis.RESULTSThe median Max-IMT was 1.3 mm, and 63 patients (41.2%) had a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.5 mm. FIB-4 index and liver stiffness was significantly correlated with Max-IMT, respectively (ρ=0.356, p＜0.001, ρ=0.25, p=0.002). Liver stiffness was significantly associated with a Max-IMT of ≥1.5 mm, independent of age. Individuals with higher FIB-4 index had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently. Individuals with higher LSM level also had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently, especially severe stenosis.Liver fibrosis parameters were associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis. Evaluation of liver fibrosis may be useful to identify significant atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD.CONCLUSIONSLiver fibrosis parameters were associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis. Evaluation of liver fibrosis may be useful to identify significant atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD. Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD surveillance is important, but it is not well established. We evaluated the association between liver fibrosis, carotid artery atherosclerosis, and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD.Methods: Overall, 153 patients with MASLD who underwent carotid artery ultrasound were enrolled. Maximum intima–media thickness including plaques (Max-IMT) was measured by ultrasound. To predict liver fibrosis, liver stiffness was measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography and the fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) index was calculated. Coronary computed tomography angiography was performed to detect coronary artery stenosis based on a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.1 mm.Results: The median Max-IMT was 1.3 mm, and 63 patients (41.2%) had a Max-IMT of ≥ 1.5 mm. FIB-4 index and liver stiffness was significantly correlated with Max-IMT, respectively (ρ=0.356, p＜0.001, ρ=0.25, p=0.002). Liver stiffness was significantly associated with a Max-IMT of ≥1.5 mm, independent of age. Individuals with higher FIB-4 index had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently. Individuals with higher LSM level also had moderate or severe coronary artery stenosis more frequently, especially severe stenosis.Conclusions: Liver fibrosis parameters were associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis. Evaluation of liver fibrosis may be useful to identify significant atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD. |
| ArticleNumber | 64809 |
| Author | Takahashi, Hirokazu Chihara, Atsuko Tanaka, Kenichi Node, Koichi Kubotsu, Yoshihito Sakamoto, Yoshiko Shiratori, Toshiyasu Takayanagi, Hiroki Norita, Misa Inadomi, Chika Kuwashiro, Takuya Tago, Motoko Isoda, Hiroshi Inoue, Kaori Oeda, Satoshi Anzai, Keizo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Kubotsu, Yoshihito organization: Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 2 fullname: Sakamoto, Yoshiko organization: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 3 fullname: Tago, Motoko organization: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 4 fullname: Chihara, Atsuko organization: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 5 fullname: Norita, Misa organization: Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 6 fullname: Inadomi, Chika organization: Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 7 fullname: Inoue, Kaori organization: Liver Center, Saga University Hospital – sequence: 8 fullname: Takayanagi, Hiroki organization: Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 9 fullname: Tanaka, Kenichi organization: Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 10 fullname: Isoda, Hiroshi organization: Liver Center, Saga University Hospital – sequence: 11 fullname: Kuwashiro, Takuya organization: Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 12 fullname: Oeda, Satoshi organization: Liver Center, Saga University Hospital – sequence: 13 fullname: Shiratori, Toshiyasu organization: Department of Advanced Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 14 fullname: Anzai, Keizo organization: Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 15 fullname: Node, Koichi organization: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University – sequence: 16 fullname: Takahashi, Hirokazu organization: Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39231650$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNpVkdtuEzEQhi1URA9wwQsgX8LFFntt7-EKhR4gUhCVgGtrYs82jjZ2sb0VfQ5euE5SAkjWeKT5Zn57_lNy5INHQl5zdq6U4u_XkM8b2bH-GTnhXccq0bXiqORClly23TE5TWnNmBBK1S_IsehrwRvFTsjv6_nHStK5t_iLgrd04e4x0m_ZDYPHlOgXhDRF3KDPFCLSm5BL6mCkNxGtMznERMNAZ3mFMSQzbqNL1PnSmmEZRmfo5UMaJm-yC76apRSMg4y2qCDkkAuwV710qajhS_J8gDHhq6f7jPy4vvp-8blafP00v5gtKqO4yhVKHESvoLXNsmuUNC2XApd1baGFHhshRQOtsqXYbI_tmqHumVl2RgpQVpyRD_u5d9Nyg9aUf0UY9V10G4gPOoDT_1e8W-nbcK8571hdK14mvH2aEMPPCVPWG5cMjiN4DFPSgjPWc6mYKuibf8UOKn-sKMC7PWDKAlPE4YBwprc262Kz3tn89-XrlOEWDyTEsswRd6Sodb0Nu45DxawgavTiERoBs_4 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.05.033 10.1053/gast.2002.36572 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.021 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000520 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313884 10.1056/NEJMoa2029349 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.09.021 10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.043 10.1016/j.jcct.2014.07.003 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.02.014 10.1002/hep.30251 10.1148/radiol.14140933 10.1007/s00330-022-08904-2 10.1093/eurheartj/8.suppl_E.97 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319059 10.1111/echo.13007 10.3390/diagnostics10030129 10.1111/hepr.13688 10.1002/hep.25993 10.1111/apt.16575 10.1161/ATV.0000000000000153 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325724 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.11.030 10.1093/ehjci/jex239 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.009 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02781.x 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320622 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.05.059 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab120 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.005 10.1016/j.echo.2020.04.021 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | This article is distributed under the terms of the latest version of CC BY-NC-SA defined by the Creative Commons Attribution License. 2025 Japan Atherosclerosis Society 2025 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: This article is distributed under the terms of the latest version of CC BY-NC-SA defined by the Creative Commons Attribution License. – notice: 2025 Japan Atherosclerosis Society 2025 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM |
| DOI | 10.5551/jat.64809 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1880-3873 |
| EndPage | 252 |
| ExternalDocumentID | PMC11802251 39231650 10_5551_jat_64809 article_jat_32_2_32_64809_article_char_en |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- .55 29J 2WC 53G 5GY 5VS ACGFO ADBBV AENEX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL DIK DU5 E3Z F5P GX1 HYE JMI JSF JSH KQ8 OK1 P6G RJT RNS RPM RZJ TR2 X7M AAFWJ AAYXX CITATION OVT CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c515t-e4ef395a7d6b8654c7143eb22da7a9e63436a75db8668668d86f290cb8c43a5d3 |
| ISSN | 1340-3478 1880-3873 |
| IngestDate | Thu Aug 21 18:38:24 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 13:44:27 EDT 2025 Fri Apr 25 03:26:31 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:27:15 EDT 2025 Thu Mar 06 13:50:55 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | false |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Keywords | FibroScan Cardiovascular diseases Cutoff value Coronary computed tomography angiography |
| Language | English |
| License | This article is distributed under the terms of the latest version of CC BY-NC-SA defined by the Creative Commons Attribution License.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c515t-e4ef395a7d6b8654c7143eb22da7a9e63436a75db8668668d86f290cb8c43a5d3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11802251 |
| PMID | 39231650 |
| PQID | 3100914505 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 14 |
| ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11802251 proquest_miscellaneous_3100914505 pubmed_primary_39231650 crossref_primary_10_5551_jat_64809 jstage_primary_article_jat_32_2_32_64809_article_char_en |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-Feb-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-02-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 02 year: 2025 text: 2025-Feb-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Japan |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Japan |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | JAT |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | Japan Atherosclerosis Society |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Japan Atherosclerosis Society |
| References | 15) Simon TG, Roelstraete B, Hagström H, Sundström J, Ludvigsson JF. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and incident major adverse cardiovascular events: results from a nationwide histology cohort. Gut, 2022; 71: 1867-1875 23) Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer, 1950; 3: 32-35 4) Ozturk K, Uygun A, Guler AK, Demirci H, Ozdemir C, Cakir M, Sakin YS, Turker T, Sari S, Demirbas S, Karslıoğlu Y, Saglam M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in young adult men. Atherosclerosis, 2015; 240: 380-386 18) Sanyal AJ; American Gastroenterological Association. AGA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology, 2002; 123: 1705-1725 8) Polyzos SA, Kechagias S, Tsochatzis EA. Review article: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases: associations and treatment considerations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2021; 54: 1013-1025 17) Hsu C, Caussy C, Imajo K, Chen J, Singh S, Kaulback K, Le MD, Hooker J, Tu X, Bettencourt R, Yin M, Sirlin CB, Ehman RL, Nakajima A, Loomba R. Magnetic Resonance vs Transient Elastography Analysis of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Individual Participants. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019; 17: 630-637.e8 26) Hagström H, Nasr P, Ekstedt M, Stål P, Hultcrantz R, Kechagias S. Accuracy of Noninvasive Scoring Systems in Assessing Risk of Death and Liver-Related Endpoints in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019; 17: 1148-1156 25) Niikura T, Imajo K, Ozaki A, Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Ogawa Y, Yoneda M, Kirikoshi H, Saito S, Nakajima A. Coronary Artery Disease is More Severe in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis than Fatty Liver. Diagnostics (Basel), 2020; 10: 129 32) Tikkanen MJ, Helve E, Nikkilä EA. Treatment of familial and non-familial hypercholesterolaemia: a review of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and probucol. Eur Heart J, 1987; 8 Suppl E: 97-101 14) Ichikawa K, Miyoshi T, Osawa K, Miki T, Toda H, Ejiri K, Yoshida M, Nakamura K, Morita H, Ito H. Incremental prognostic value of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease over coronary computed tomography angiography findings in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2022; 28: 2059-2066 21) Myers RP, Pollett A, Kirsch R, Pomier-Layrargues G, Beaton M, Levstik M, Duarte-Rojo A, Wong D, Crotty P, Elkashab M. Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP): a noninvasive method for the detection of hepatic steatosis based on transient elastography. Liver Int, 2012; 32: 902-910 24) Tokushige K, Ikejima K, Ono M, Eguchi Y, Kamada Y, Itoh Y, Akuta N, Yoneda M, Iwasa M, Yoneda M, Otsuka M, Tamaki N, Kogiso T, Miwa H, Chayama K, Enomoto N, Shimosegawa T, Takehara T, Koike K. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 2020. Hepatol Res, 2021; 51: 1013-1025 13) Yu MM, Tang XL, Zhao X, Chen YY, Xu ZH, Wang QB, Zeng MS. Plaque progression at coronary CT angiography links non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular events: a prospective single-center study. Eur Radiol, 2022; 32: 8111-8121 3) Lonardo A, Nascimbeni F, Mantovani A, Targher G. Hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and NASH: Cause or consequence? J Hepatol, 2018; 68: 335-352 9) Toh JZK, Pan XH, Tay PWL, Ng CH, Yong JN, Xiao J, Koh JH, Tan EY, Tan EXX, Dan YY, Loh PH, Foo R, Chew NWS, Sanyal AJ, Muthiah MD, Siddiqui MS. A Meta-Analysis on the Global Prevalence, Risk factors and Screening of Coronary Heart Disease in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2022; 20: 2462-2473 33) Athyros VG, Alexandrides TK, Bilianou H, Cholongitas E, Doumas M, Ganotakis ES, Goudevenos J, Elisaf MS, Germanidis G, Giouleme O, Karagiannis A, Karvounis C, Katsiki N, Kotsis V, Kountouras J, Liberopoulos E, Pitsavos C, Polyzos S, Rallidis LS, Richter D, Tsapas AG, Tselepis AD, Tsioufis K, Tziomalos K, Tzotzas T, Vasiliadis TG, Vlachopoulos C, Mikhailidis DP, Mantzoros C. The use of statins alone, or in combination with pioglitazone and other drugs, for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and related cardiovascular risk. An Expert Panel Statement. Metabolism, 2017; 71: 17-32 2) Younossi Z, Tacke F, Arrese M, Chander Sharma B, Mostafa I, Bugianesi E, Wai-Sun Wong V, Yilmaz Y, George J, Fan J, Vos MB. Global Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology, 2019; 69: 2672-2682 19) Johri AM, Nambi V, Naqvi TZ, Feinstein SB, Kim ESH, Park MM, Becher H, Sillesen H. Recommendations for the Assessment of Carotid Arterial Plaque by Ultrasound for the Characterization of Atherosclerosis and Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk: From the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2020; 33: 917-933 16) Shah AG, Lydecker A, Murray K, Tetri BN, Contos MJ, Sanyal AJ; Nash Clinical Research Network. Comparison of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009; 7: 1104-1112 30) Johri AM, Behl P, Hétu MF, Haqqi M, Ewart P, Day AG, Parfrey B, Matangi MF. Carotid Ultrasound Maximum Plaque Height-A Sensitive Imaging Biomarker for the Assessment of Significant Coronary Artery Disease. Echocardiography, 2016; 33: 281-289 29) Targher G, Byrne CD, Tilg H. NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacological implications. Gut, 2020; 69: 1691-1705 6) Sanyal AJ, Van Natta ML, Clark J, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Diehl A, Dasarathy S, Loomba R, Chalasani N, Kowdley K, Hameed B, Wilson LA, Yates KP, Belt P, Lazo M, Kleiner DE, Behling C, Tonascia J. NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN). Prospective Study of Outcomes in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. N Engl J Med, 2021; 385: 1559-1569 28) Duell PB, Welty FK, Miller M, Chait A, Hammond G, Ahmad Z, Cohen DE, Horton JD, Pressman GS, Toth PP. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2022; 42: e168-e185 12) Puchner SB, Lu MT, Mayrhofer T, Liu T, Pursnani A, Ghoshhajra BB, Truong QA, Wiviott SD, Fleg JL, Hoffmann U, Ferencik M. High-risk coronary plaque at coronary CT angiography is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, independent of coronary plaque and stenosis burden: results from the ROMICAT II trial. Radiology, 2015; 274: 693-701 5) Adams LA, Anstee QM, Tilg H, Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut, 2017; 66: 1138-1153 7) Angulo P, Kleiner DE, Dam-Larsen S, Adams LA, Bjornsson ES, Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Mills PR, Keach JC, Lafferty HD, Stahler A, Haflidadottir S, Bendtsen F. Liver Fibrosis, but No Other Histologic Features, Is Associated With Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology, 2015; 149: 389-397 20) Boursier J, Zarski JP, de Ledinghen V, Rousselet MC, Sturm N, Lebail B, Fouchard-Hubert I, Gallois Y, Oberti F, Bertrais S, Calès P. Determination of reliability criteria for liver stiffness evaluation by transient elastography. Hepatology, 2013; 57: 1182-1191 22) Leipsic J, Abbara S, Achenbach S, Cury R, Earls JP, Mancini GJ, Nieman K, Pontone G, Raff GL. SCCT guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of coronary CT angiography: a report of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines Committee. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr, 2014; 8: 342-358 31) Sillesen H, Sartori S, Sandholt B, Baber U, Mehran R, Fuster V. Carotid plaque thickness and carotid plaque burden predict future cardiovascular events in asymptomatic adult Americans. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2018; 19: 1042-1050 11) Vaduganathan M, Mensah GA, Turco JV, Fuster V, Roth GA. The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk: A Compass for Future Health. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022; 80: 2361-2371 27) Lonardo A, Nascimbeni F, Mantovani A, Targher G. Hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and NASH: Cause or consequence? J Hepatol, 2018; 68: 335-352 10) Chen Z, Liu J, Zhou F, Li H, Zhang XJ, She ZG, Lu Z, Cai J, Li H. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Emerging Driver of Cardiac Arrhythmia. Circ Res, 2021; 128: 1747-1765 1) Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, Francque SM, Sanyal AJ, Kanwal F, Romero D, Abdelmalek MF, Anstee QM, Arab JP, Arrese M, Bataller R, Beuers U, Boursier J, Bugianesi E, Byrne C, Castro Narro GE, Chowdhury A, Cortez-Pinto H, Cryer D, Cusi K, El-Kassas M, Klein S, Eskridge W, Fan J, Gawrieh S, Guy CD, Harrison SA, Kim SU, Koot B, Korenjak M, Kowdley K, Lacaille F, Loomba R, Mitchell-Thain R, Morgan TR, Powell E, Roden M, Romero-Gómez M, Silva M, Singh SP, Sookoian SC, Spearman CW, Tiniakos D, Valenti L, Vos MB, Wong VW, Xanthakos S, Yilmaz Y, Younossi Z, Hobbs A, Villota-Rivas M, Newsome PN; NAFLD Nomenclature consensus group. A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Hepatology, 2023; 78: 1966-1986 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 10 32 11 33 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21 |
| References_xml | – reference: 23) Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer, 1950; 3: 32-35 – reference: 28) Duell PB, Welty FK, Miller M, Chait A, Hammond G, Ahmad Z, Cohen DE, Horton JD, Pressman GS, Toth PP. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2022; 42: e168-e185 – reference: 13) Yu MM, Tang XL, Zhao X, Chen YY, Xu ZH, Wang QB, Zeng MS. Plaque progression at coronary CT angiography links non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular events: a prospective single-center study. Eur Radiol, 2022; 32: 8111-8121 – reference: 3) Lonardo A, Nascimbeni F, Mantovani A, Targher G. Hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and NASH: Cause or consequence? J Hepatol, 2018; 68: 335-352 – reference: 32) Tikkanen MJ, Helve E, Nikkilä EA. Treatment of familial and non-familial hypercholesterolaemia: a review of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and probucol. Eur Heart J, 1987; 8 Suppl E: 97-101 – reference: 12) Puchner SB, Lu MT, Mayrhofer T, Liu T, Pursnani A, Ghoshhajra BB, Truong QA, Wiviott SD, Fleg JL, Hoffmann U, Ferencik M. High-risk coronary plaque at coronary CT angiography is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, independent of coronary plaque and stenosis burden: results from the ROMICAT II trial. Radiology, 2015; 274: 693-701 – reference: 10) Chen Z, Liu J, Zhou F, Li H, Zhang XJ, She ZG, Lu Z, Cai J, Li H. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Emerging Driver of Cardiac Arrhythmia. Circ Res, 2021; 128: 1747-1765 – reference: 20) Boursier J, Zarski JP, de Ledinghen V, Rousselet MC, Sturm N, Lebail B, Fouchard-Hubert I, Gallois Y, Oberti F, Bertrais S, Calès P. Determination of reliability criteria for liver stiffness evaluation by transient elastography. Hepatology, 2013; 57: 1182-1191 – reference: 1) Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, Francque SM, Sanyal AJ, Kanwal F, Romero D, Abdelmalek MF, Anstee QM, Arab JP, Arrese M, Bataller R, Beuers U, Boursier J, Bugianesi E, Byrne C, Castro Narro GE, Chowdhury A, Cortez-Pinto H, Cryer D, Cusi K, El-Kassas M, Klein S, Eskridge W, Fan J, Gawrieh S, Guy CD, Harrison SA, Kim SU, Koot B, Korenjak M, Kowdley K, Lacaille F, Loomba R, Mitchell-Thain R, Morgan TR, Powell E, Roden M, Romero-Gómez M, Silva M, Singh SP, Sookoian SC, Spearman CW, Tiniakos D, Valenti L, Vos MB, Wong VW, Xanthakos S, Yilmaz Y, Younossi Z, Hobbs A, Villota-Rivas M, Newsome PN; NAFLD Nomenclature consensus group. A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Hepatology, 2023; 78: 1966-1986 – reference: 6) Sanyal AJ, Van Natta ML, Clark J, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Diehl A, Dasarathy S, Loomba R, Chalasani N, Kowdley K, Hameed B, Wilson LA, Yates KP, Belt P, Lazo M, Kleiner DE, Behling C, Tonascia J. NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN). Prospective Study of Outcomes in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. N Engl J Med, 2021; 385: 1559-1569 – reference: 30) Johri AM, Behl P, Hétu MF, Haqqi M, Ewart P, Day AG, Parfrey B, Matangi MF. Carotid Ultrasound Maximum Plaque Height-A Sensitive Imaging Biomarker for the Assessment of Significant Coronary Artery Disease. Echocardiography, 2016; 33: 281-289 – reference: 15) Simon TG, Roelstraete B, Hagström H, Sundström J, Ludvigsson JF. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and incident major adverse cardiovascular events: results from a nationwide histology cohort. Gut, 2022; 71: 1867-1875 – reference: 31) Sillesen H, Sartori S, Sandholt B, Baber U, Mehran R, Fuster V. Carotid plaque thickness and carotid plaque burden predict future cardiovascular events in asymptomatic adult Americans. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2018; 19: 1042-1050 – reference: 11) Vaduganathan M, Mensah GA, Turco JV, Fuster V, Roth GA. The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk: A Compass for Future Health. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022; 80: 2361-2371 – reference: 2) Younossi Z, Tacke F, Arrese M, Chander Sharma B, Mostafa I, Bugianesi E, Wai-Sun Wong V, Yilmaz Y, George J, Fan J, Vos MB. Global Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology, 2019; 69: 2672-2682 – reference: 26) Hagström H, Nasr P, Ekstedt M, Stål P, Hultcrantz R, Kechagias S. Accuracy of Noninvasive Scoring Systems in Assessing Risk of Death and Liver-Related Endpoints in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019; 17: 1148-1156 – reference: 17) Hsu C, Caussy C, Imajo K, Chen J, Singh S, Kaulback K, Le MD, Hooker J, Tu X, Bettencourt R, Yin M, Sirlin CB, Ehman RL, Nakajima A, Loomba R. Magnetic Resonance vs Transient Elastography Analysis of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Individual Participants. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019; 17: 630-637.e8 – reference: 21) Myers RP, Pollett A, Kirsch R, Pomier-Layrargues G, Beaton M, Levstik M, Duarte-Rojo A, Wong D, Crotty P, Elkashab M. Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP): a noninvasive method for the detection of hepatic steatosis based on transient elastography. Liver Int, 2012; 32: 902-910 – reference: 8) Polyzos SA, Kechagias S, Tsochatzis EA. Review article: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases: associations and treatment considerations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2021; 54: 1013-1025 – reference: 5) Adams LA, Anstee QM, Tilg H, Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut, 2017; 66: 1138-1153 – reference: 27) Lonardo A, Nascimbeni F, Mantovani A, Targher G. Hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and NASH: Cause or consequence? J Hepatol, 2018; 68: 335-352 – reference: 22) Leipsic J, Abbara S, Achenbach S, Cury R, Earls JP, Mancini GJ, Nieman K, Pontone G, Raff GL. SCCT guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of coronary CT angiography: a report of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines Committee. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr, 2014; 8: 342-358 – reference: 4) Ozturk K, Uygun A, Guler AK, Demirci H, Ozdemir C, Cakir M, Sakin YS, Turker T, Sari S, Demirbas S, Karslıoğlu Y, Saglam M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in young adult men. Atherosclerosis, 2015; 240: 380-386 – reference: 25) Niikura T, Imajo K, Ozaki A, Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Ogawa Y, Yoneda M, Kirikoshi H, Saito S, Nakajima A. Coronary Artery Disease is More Severe in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis than Fatty Liver. Diagnostics (Basel), 2020; 10: 129 – reference: 16) Shah AG, Lydecker A, Murray K, Tetri BN, Contos MJ, Sanyal AJ; Nash Clinical Research Network. Comparison of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009; 7: 1104-1112 – reference: 24) Tokushige K, Ikejima K, Ono M, Eguchi Y, Kamada Y, Itoh Y, Akuta N, Yoneda M, Iwasa M, Yoneda M, Otsuka M, Tamaki N, Kogiso T, Miwa H, Chayama K, Enomoto N, Shimosegawa T, Takehara T, Koike K. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 2020. Hepatol Res, 2021; 51: 1013-1025 – reference: 14) Ichikawa K, Miyoshi T, Osawa K, Miki T, Toda H, Ejiri K, Yoshida M, Nakamura K, Morita H, Ito H. Incremental prognostic value of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease over coronary computed tomography angiography findings in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2022; 28: 2059-2066 – reference: 18) Sanyal AJ; American Gastroenterological Association. AGA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology, 2002; 123: 1705-1725 – reference: 33) Athyros VG, Alexandrides TK, Bilianou H, Cholongitas E, Doumas M, Ganotakis ES, Goudevenos J, Elisaf MS, Germanidis G, Giouleme O, Karagiannis A, Karvounis C, Katsiki N, Kotsis V, Kountouras J, Liberopoulos E, Pitsavos C, Polyzos S, Rallidis LS, Richter D, Tsapas AG, Tselepis AD, Tsioufis K, Tziomalos K, Tzotzas T, Vasiliadis TG, Vlachopoulos C, Mikhailidis DP, Mantzoros C. The use of statins alone, or in combination with pioglitazone and other drugs, for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and related cardiovascular risk. An Expert Panel Statement. Metabolism, 2017; 71: 17-32 – reference: 29) Targher G, Byrne CD, Tilg H. NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacological implications. Gut, 2020; 69: 1691-1705 – reference: 19) Johri AM, Nambi V, Naqvi TZ, Feinstein SB, Kim ESH, Park MM, Becher H, Sillesen H. Recommendations for the Assessment of Carotid Arterial Plaque by Ultrasound for the Characterization of Atherosclerosis and Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk: From the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2020; 33: 917-933 – reference: 9) Toh JZK, Pan XH, Tay PWL, Ng CH, Yong JN, Xiao J, Koh JH, Tan EY, Tan EXX, Dan YY, Loh PH, Foo R, Chew NWS, Sanyal AJ, Muthiah MD, Siddiqui MS. A Meta-Analysis on the Global Prevalence, Risk factors and Screening of Coronary Heart Disease in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2022; 20: 2462-2473 – reference: 7) Angulo P, Kleiner DE, Dam-Larsen S, Adams LA, Bjornsson ES, Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Mills PR, Keach JC, Lafferty HD, Stahler A, Haflidadottir S, Bendtsen F. Liver Fibrosis, but No Other Histologic Features, Is Associated With Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology, 2015; 149: 389-397 – ident: 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.05.033 – ident: 18 doi: 10.1053/gast.2002.36572 – ident: 3 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.021 – ident: 1 doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000520 – ident: 5 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313884 – ident: 6 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2029349 – ident: 9 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.09.021 – ident: 23 doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3 – ident: 7 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.043 – ident: 22 doi: 10.1016/j.jcct.2014.07.003 – ident: 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.021 – ident: 33 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.02.014 – ident: 2 doi: 10.1002/hep.30251 – ident: 12 doi: 10.1148/radiol.14140933 – ident: 13 doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-08904-2 – ident: 32 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/8.suppl_E.97 – ident: 10 doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319059 – ident: 30 doi: 10.1111/echo.13007 – ident: 25 doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10030129 – ident: 24 doi: 10.1111/hepr.13688 – ident: 20 doi: 10.1002/hep.25993 – ident: 8 doi: 10.1111/apt.16575 – ident: 28 doi: 10.1161/ATV.0000000000000153 – ident: 15 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325724 – ident: 26 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.11.030 – ident: 31 doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jex239 – ident: 4 doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.009 – ident: 21 doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02781.x – ident: 29 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320622 – ident: 17 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.05.059 – ident: 14 doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab120 – ident: 11 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.005 – ident: 19 doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.04.021 |
| SSID | ssj0033552 |
| Score | 2.42162 |
| Snippet | Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD... Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD... Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD... |
| SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref jstage |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 239 |
| SubjectTerms | Aged Atherosclerosis - diagnosis Atherosclerosis - etiology Cardiovascular diseases Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Coronary computed tomography angiography Cutoff value Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods Fatty Liver - complications Fatty Liver - diagnosis Female FibroScan Follow-Up Studies Humans Liver - pathology Liver Cirrhosis - diagnosis Male Middle Aged Original Prognosis Risk Factors |
| Title | FIB-4 Index and Liver Stiffness Measurement are Potential Predictors of Atherosclerosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| URI | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jat/32/2/32_64809/_article/-char/en https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39231650 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3100914505 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11802251 |
| Volume | 32 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| ispartofPNX | Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 2025/02/01, Vol.32(2), pp.239-252 |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3dbtMwFLbKQNNuEL-j_Mkg7lBGmjhOcgkb00AE7aKTehc5ib2WacnUpNLGa_AWPCXn2ImTliIBUmU1Po6t9vt8fGwfHxPyBtQdi72IO4q7ucOCIIQuFSrHxQtRQnciYr3RnnzlJ2fs8yyYjUY_B15LqyY7yL9vPVfyP6hCHuCKp2T_AVlbKWTAd8AXUkAY0r_C-PjTB4dBFy_ktd4E-IJOFmA_LpTSGizpFwDfoofXadWgcxCgcrrEDRp90w6aomgFVjXUDulCe8gmsgF6YATso5saBz_8FU4HprZScb6O4V5Nq0eDnZ7fjV2x0YLx21xWlxk-9vtJWdXUKz0sVPV8MQd1Y5eAxIUAWlVWeGFFU3GusxMQ97mH8L5YmmVjqLQVtAscXtD5ROP4ZJQy6BiMAewPtXa_Kmonz60KNsGRNoeGAExDfSVBc8BZ5K6VAVSvLjVHfLR3uQmFuxGHuxPdIrc9mJLog-Uz607kg93mmchV2NI7284e2e3eXDN97nwD6_9cbpvYbPrnDgye6T1ytwWPvje0u09GsnxAdpPWF-Mh-aHZRzX7KOBJNQ-oZR8dsI8C-6hlH-3ZRytFN9hHFyW17KPb2Uct-9pWW_Y9ImfHH6eHJ057xYeTgyHdOJJJ5ceBCAueRTxgeQj2u8w8rxChiCX3mc9FGBQg5PgpIq682M2zKGe-CAr_Mdkpq1I-IVS5WVRMYhkoGbJ4ouIszl0RicJVkhXcH5PX3b-fXplILinMgBGtFNBKNVpjEhlcbJG2c-sivpd6mOiiVoLHI0EbjcmrDskUVDTuu4lSVqs6xT20eMJgrjEm-wZZW33HDWh4DXNbAMO_r0vKxVyHgdfBG2F68vSPlT4je32Hek52muVKvgAbusleavL-AhbB0m8 |
| linkProvider | Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=FIB-4+Index+and+Liver+Stiffness+Measurement+are+Potential+Predictors+of+Atherosclerosis+in+Metabolic+Dysfunction-Associated+Steatotic+Liver+Disease&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+atherosclerosis+and+thrombosis&rft.au=Kubotsu%2C+Yoshihito&rft.au=Sakamoto%2C+Yoshiko&rft.au=Tago%2C+Motoko&rft.au=Chihara%2C+Atsuko&rft.date=2025-02-01&rft.eissn=1880-3873&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft_id=info:doi/10.5551%2Fjat.64809&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F39231650&rft.externalDocID=39231650 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1340-3478&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1340-3478&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1340-3478&client=summon |