Digestibility of cocoa butter and corn oil in human subjects: a preliminary study
The comparative absorption of cocoa butter (25.5% C16:0, 34.4% C18:0, 34.4% C18:1, 3.4% C18:2) and corn oil (11.4% C16:0, 2.0% C18:0, 26.4% C18:1, 60.0% C18:2) was assessed in six healthy male subjects. During 3-d experimental diet periods, free-living subjects consumed either cocoa butter or corn o...
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| Published in | The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 50; no. 5; pp. 983 - 986 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Bethesda, MD
Elsevier Inc
01.11.1989
American Society for Clinical Nutrition |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0002-9165 1938-3207 |
| DOI | 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983 |
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| Abstract | The comparative absorption of cocoa butter (25.5% C16:0, 34.4% C18:0, 34.4% C18:1, 3.4% C18:2) and corn oil (11.4% C16:0, 2.0% C18:0, 26.4% C18:1, 60.0% C18:2) was assessed in six healthy male subjects. During 3-d experimental diet periods, free-living subjects consumed either cocoa butter or corn oil as virtually the sole source of dietary fat, provided at 40% of the total energy intake in the form of specially formulated cookies. Fat absorption was determined by quantifying total fecal lipid excretion over the 3-d period. Total fecal lipid and fecal fatty acids were determined. The percentage of fat excreted was significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.001) when subjects consumed the cocoa butter (10.8 +/- 3.2%) vs the corn oil (3.5 +/- 1.0%) diet. These results indicate that the digestibility of cocoa butter is significantly less than corn oil and may explain, in part, previous reports of a neutral effect of dietary cocoa butter on plasma cholesterol concentrations. |
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| AbstractList | The comparative absorption of cocoa butter (25.5% C16:0, 34.4% C18:0, 34.4% C18:1, 3.4% C18:2) and corn oil (11.4% C16:0, 2.0% C18:0, 26.4% C18:1, 60.0% C18:2) was assessed in six healthy male subjects. During 3-d experimental diet periods, free-living subjects consumed either cocoa butter or corn oil as virtually the sole source of dietary fat, provided at 40% of the total energy intake in the form of specially formulated cookies. Fat absorption was determined by quantifying total fecal lipid excretion over the 3-d period. Total fecal lipid and fecal fatty acids were determined. The percentage of fat excreted was significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.001) when subjects consumed the cocoa butter (10.8 +/- 3.2%) vs the corn oil (3.5 +/- 1.0%) diet. These results indicate that the digestibility of cocoa butter is significantly less than corn oil and may explain, in part, previous reports of a neutral effect of dietary cocoa butter on plasma cholesterol concentrations. The comparative absorption of cocoa butter (25.5% C(16:0), 34.4% C(18:0), 34.4% C(18:1), 3.4% C(18:2)) and corn oil (11.4% C(16:0), 2.0% C(18:0), 26.4% C(18:1), 60.0% C(18:2)) was assessed in six healthy male subjects. During 3-d experimental diet periods, free-living subjects consumed either cocoa butter or corn oil as virtually the sole source of dietary fat, provided at 40% of the total energy intake in the form of specially formulated cookies. Fat absorption was determined by quantifying total fecal lipid excretion over the 3-d period. Total fecal lipid and fecal fatty acids were determined. The percentage of fat excreted was significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.001) when subjects consumed the cocoa butter (10.8 +/- 3.2%) vs the corn oil (3.5 +/- 1.0%) diet. These results indicate that the digestibility of cocoa butter is significantly less than corn oil and may explain, in part, previous reports of a neutral effect of dietary cocoa butter on plasma cholesterol concentrations The comparative absorption of cocoa butter (25.5% C(16:0), 34.4% C(18:0), 34.4% C(18:1), 3.4% C(18:2)) and corn oil (11.4% C(16:0), 2.0% C(18:0), 26.4% C(18:1), 60.0% C(18:2)) was assessed in six healthy male subjects. During 3-d experimental diet periods, free-living subjects consumed either cocoa butter or corn oil as virtually the sole source of dietary fat, provided at 40% of the total energy intake in the form of specially formulated cookies. Fat absorption was determined by quantifying total fecal lipid excretion over the 3-d period. Total fecal lipid and fecal fatty acids were determined. The percentage of fat excreted was significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.001) when subjects consumed the cocoa butter (10.8 +/- 3.2%) vs the corn oil (3.5 +/- 1.0%) diet. These results indicate that the digestibility of cocoa butter is significantly less than corn oil and may explain, in part, previous reports of a neutral effect of dietary cocoa butter on plasma cholesterol concentrations. The comparative absorption of cocoa butter (25.5% C16:0, 34.4% C18:0, 34.4% C18:1, 3.4% C18:2) and corn oil (11.4% C16:0, 2.0% C18:0, 26.4% C18:1, 60.0% C18:2) was assessed in six healthy male subjects. During 3-d experimental diet periods, free-living subjects consumed either cocoa butter or corn oil as virtually the sole source of dietary fat, provided at 40% of the total energy intake in the form of specially formulated cookies. Fat absorption was determined by quantifying total fecal lipid excretion over the 3-d period. Total fecal lipid and fecal fatty acids were determined. The percentage of fat excreted was significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.001) when subjects consumed the cocoa butter (10.8 +/- 3.2%) vs the corn oil (3.5 +/- 1.0%) diet. These results indicate that the digestibility of cocoa butter is significantly less than corn oil and may explain, in part, previous reports of a neutral effect of dietary cocoa butter on plasma cholesterol concentrations.The comparative absorption of cocoa butter (25.5% C16:0, 34.4% C18:0, 34.4% C18:1, 3.4% C18:2) and corn oil (11.4% C16:0, 2.0% C18:0, 26.4% C18:1, 60.0% C18:2) was assessed in six healthy male subjects. During 3-d experimental diet periods, free-living subjects consumed either cocoa butter or corn oil as virtually the sole source of dietary fat, provided at 40% of the total energy intake in the form of specially formulated cookies. Fat absorption was determined by quantifying total fecal lipid excretion over the 3-d period. Total fecal lipid and fecal fatty acids were determined. The percentage of fat excreted was significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.001) when subjects consumed the cocoa butter (10.8 +/- 3.2%) vs the corn oil (3.5 +/- 1.0%) diet. These results indicate that the digestibility of cocoa butter is significantly less than corn oil and may explain, in part, previous reports of a neutral effect of dietary cocoa butter on plasma cholesterol concentrations. |
| Author | Shively, C A Mitchell, D C Kris-Etherton, P M McMahon, K E Apgar, J L |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1172/JCI106102 10.1002/lipi.19830850705 10.1016/S0271-5317(86)80135-X 10.1007/BF02534328 10.1093/ajcn/26.5.524 10.1093/jn/117.4.660 10.1093/jn/38.3.369 10.1016/0021-9150(82)90192-7 10.1016/0026-0495(65)90004-1 10.1093/jn/69.4.338 10.1172/JCI105076 10.1016/0009-8981(63)90110-4 10.1016/S0271-5317(83)80060-8 10.1093/jn/29.4.255 |
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| Keywords | Human Cocoa butter Excretion Corn oil Saturated fatty acid Lipids Metabolism Comparative study Digestibility |
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| References | Connor (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib6) 1967; 20 Mattil (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib10) 1945; 29 Langworthy (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib12) 1917 Shukla (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib15) 1983; 85 Apgar (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib1) 1987; 117 Morrissey (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib2) 1986; 6 Connor (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib5) 1969; 48 Reiser (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib8) 1973; 26 Gompertz (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib14) 1963; 8 Keys (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib7) 1965; 14 Erickson (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib9) 1964; 43 Grigor (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib16) 1973; 8 Kritchevsky (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib3) 1983; 3 Deuel (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib13) 1949; 38 Mattson (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib11) 1959; 69 Kritchevsky (10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib4) 1982; 41 |
| References_xml | – volume: 48 start-page: 1363 year: 1969 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib5 article-title: Cholesterol balance and fecal neutral steroid and bile acid excretion in normal men fed dietary fats of different fatty acid composition publication-title: J Clin Invest doi: 10.1172/JCI106102 – volume: 85 start-page: 274 year: 1983 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib15 article-title: A simple and direct procedure for the evaluation of triglyceride composition of cocoa butters by high performance liquid chromatography—a comparison with the existing TLC-GC method publication-title: Fette-Siefen-Anstrichmittel doi: 10.1002/lipi.19830850705 – volume: 6 start-page: 319 year: 1986 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib2 article-title: Subchronic effects of feeding graded levels of cocoa butter to rats publication-title: Nutr Res doi: 10.1016/S0271-5317(86)80135-X – volume: 8 start-page: 53 year: 1973 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib16 article-title: Origin of the high saturated fatty acid content of rat fecal lipids publication-title: Lipids doi: 10.1007/BF02534328 – volume: 26 start-page: 524 year: 1973 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib8 article-title: Saturated fat in the diet and serum cholesterol concentration: a critical examination of the literature publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.1093/ajcn/26.5.524 – volume: 117 start-page: 660 year: 1987 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib1 article-title: Digestibility of cocoa butter and corn oil and their influence on fatty acid distribution in rats publication-title: J Nutr doi: 10.1093/jn/117.4.660 – volume: 38 start-page: 369 year: 1949 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib13 article-title: Studies on the comparative nutritive value of fats. XII The digestibility of rapeseed and cottonseed oils in human subjects publication-title: J Nutr doi: 10.1093/jn/38.3.369 – volume: 41 start-page: 279 year: 1982 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib4 article-title: Experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits fed cholesterol-free diets. Part 10. Cocoa butter and palm oil publication-title: Atherosclerosis doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(82)90192-7 – volume: 14 start-page: 776 year: 1965 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib7 article-title: Serum cholesterol response to changes in the diet. IV Particular saturated fatty acids in the diet publication-title: Metabolism doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(65)90004-1 – volume: 20 start-page: 658 year: 1967 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib6 article-title: Relative failure of saturated fat in the diet to produce atherosclerosis in the rabbit publication-title: CircRes – volume: 69 start-page: 338 year: 1959 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib11 article-title: The absorbability of stearic acid when fed as a simple or mixed triglyceride publication-title: J Nutr doi: 10.1093/jn/69.4.338 – volume: 43 start-page: 2017 year: 1964 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib9 article-title: The effect of partial hydrogenation of dietary fats, of the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, and of dietary cholesterol upon plasma lipids in man publication-title: J Clin Invest doi: 10.1172/JCI105076 – volume: 8 start-page: 591 year: 1963 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib14 article-title: The origin of faecal lipids. The composition of faecal fats in human subjects publication-title: Clin Chim Acta doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(63)90110-4 – year: 1917 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib12 – volume: 3 start-page: 229 year: 1983 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib3 article-title: Influence of cocoa butter on cholesterol metabolism in rats: comparison with com oil, coconut oil and palm kernel oil publication-title: Nutr Res doi: 10.1016/S0271-5317(83)80060-8 – volume: 29 start-page: 225 year: 1945 ident: 10.1093/ajcn/50.5.983_bib10 article-title: The relationship of glyceride structure to fat digestibility. Synthetic glycerides of 18:0 and 18:1 acids publication-title: J Nutr doi: 10.1093/jn/29.4.255 |
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| Snippet | The comparative absorption of cocoa butter (25.5% C16:0, 34.4% C18:0, 34.4% C18:1, 3.4% C18:2) and corn oil (11.4% C16:0, 2.0% C18:0, 26.4% C18:1, 60.0% C18:2)... The comparative absorption of cocoa butter (25.5% C(16:0), 34.4% C(18:0), 34.4% C(18:1), 3.4% C(18:2)) and corn oil (11.4% C(16:0), 2.0% C(18:0), 26.4%... |
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| SubjectTerms | ABSORCION DIGESTIVA ABSORPTION DIGESTIVE ACEITES VEGETALES ACIDE GRAS ACIDOS GRASOS administration & dosage Adult analysis Biological and medical sciences Biological Availability blood CACAO Cholesterol Cholesterol - blood Cholesterol - metabolism cocoa products corn oil Corn Oil - administration & dosage Corn Oil - metabolism Dietary Fats Dietary Fats - administration & dosage Dietary Fats - metabolism DIGESTIBILIDAD DIGESTIBILITE digestibility EXCRECION EXCRETION fatty acids FECES Feces - analysis Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology HECES HOMBRES HOMME HUILE VEGETALE Humans Intestinal Absorption Intestine. Mesentery Lipids Lipids - analysis Male men metabolism Plant Oils Plant Oils - metabolism Specimen Handling Vertebrates: digestive system ZEA MAYS |
| Title | Digestibility of cocoa butter and corn oil in human subjects: a preliminary study |
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