Pesticide poisoning of farm workers–implications of blood test results from Vietnam
Information on the health impacts of pesticides is quite limited in many developing countries, with many surveys relying solely on farmer self-assessments of their health status. To test the reliability of self-reported data, an acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE) blood test was conducted for 190 ri...
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| Published in | International journal of hygiene and environmental health Vol. 210; no. 2; pp. 121 - 132 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Jena
Elsevier GmbH
01.03.2007
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Information on the health impacts of pesticides is quite limited in many developing countries, with many surveys relying solely on farmer self-assessments of their health status. To test the reliability of self-reported data, an acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE) blood test was conducted for 190 rice farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Results reveal a high prevalence of pesticide poisoning by organophosphate and carbamate exposure, where over 35% of test subjects experienced acute pesticide poisoning (a reduction of AChE >25%), and 21% chronically poisoned (>66% AChE reduction). Using the medical test results as benchmarks, we find that farmers’ self-reported symptoms have very weak associations with actual poisoning.
To investigate the possible determinants of pesticide poisoning, a probit model was constructed with pesticide amount, toxicity, training, and the use of protective measures as explanatory variables. The results indicate that although the absolute amount of pesticides used does not increase the probability of poisoning, a 1% increase in the use of highly hazardous pesticides (WHO Ia or Ib) increases the probability of poisoning by 3.9% and an increased use of protective measures decreases the probability of poisoning by 44.3%. We also find significant provincial differences in poisoning incidence after we control for individual factors. The provincial effects highlight the potential importance of negative externalities, and suggest that future research on pesticide-related damage should include information on local water, air and soil contamination. |
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| AbstractList | Information on the health impacts of pesticides is quite limited in many developing countries, with many surveys relying solely on farmer self-assessments of their health status. To test the reliability of self-reported data, an acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE) blood test was conducted for 190 rice farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Results reveal a high prevalence of pesticide poisoning by organophosphate and carbamate exposure, where over 35% of test subjects experienced acute pesticide poisoning (a reduction of AChE >25%), and 21% chronically poisoned (>66% AChE reduction). Using the medical test results as benchmarks, we find that farmers'self-reported symptoms have very weak associations with actual poisoning. To investigate the possible determinants of pesticide poisoning, a probit model was constructed with pesticide amount, toxicity, training, and the use of protective measures as explanatory variables. The results indicate that although the absolute amount of pesticides used does not increase the probability of poisoning, a 1% increase in the use of highly hazardous pesticides (WHO Ia or Ib) increases the probability of poisoning by 3.9% and an increased use of protective measures decreases the probability of poisoning by 44.3%. We also find significant provincial differences in poisoning incidence after we control for individual factors. The provincial effects highlight the potential importance of negative externalities, and suggest that future research on pesticide-related damage should include information on local water, air and soil contamination. Information on the health impacts of pesticides is quite limited in many developing countries, with many surveys relying solely on farmer self-assessments of their health status. To test the reliability of self-reported data, an acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE) blood test was conducted for 190 rice farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Results reveal a high prevalence of pesticide poisoning by organophosphate and carbamate exposure, where over 35% of test subjects experienced acute pesticide poisoning (a reduction of AChE >25%), and 21% chronically poisoned (>66% AChE reduction). Using the medical test results as benchmarks, we find that farmers' self-reported symptoms have very weak associations with actual poisoning. To investigate the possible determinants of pesticide poisoning, a probit model was constructed with pesticide amount, toxicity, training, and the use of protective measures as explanatory variables. The results indicate that although the absolute amount of pesticides used does not increase the probability of poisoning, a 1% increase in the use of highly hazardous pesticides (WHO Ia or Ib) increases the probability of poisoning by 3.9% and an increased use of protective measures decreases the probability of poisoning by 44.3%. We also find significant provincial differences in poisoning incidence after we control for individual factors. The provincial effects highlight the potential importance of negative externalities, and suggest that future research on pesticide-related damage should include information on local water, air and soil contamination.Information on the health impacts of pesticides is quite limited in many developing countries, with many surveys relying solely on farmer self-assessments of their health status. To test the reliability of self-reported data, an acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE) blood test was conducted for 190 rice farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Results reveal a high prevalence of pesticide poisoning by organophosphate and carbamate exposure, where over 35% of test subjects experienced acute pesticide poisoning (a reduction of AChE >25%), and 21% chronically poisoned (>66% AChE reduction). Using the medical test results as benchmarks, we find that farmers' self-reported symptoms have very weak associations with actual poisoning. To investigate the possible determinants of pesticide poisoning, a probit model was constructed with pesticide amount, toxicity, training, and the use of protective measures as explanatory variables. The results indicate that although the absolute amount of pesticides used does not increase the probability of poisoning, a 1% increase in the use of highly hazardous pesticides (WHO Ia or Ib) increases the probability of poisoning by 3.9% and an increased use of protective measures decreases the probability of poisoning by 44.3%. We also find significant provincial differences in poisoning incidence after we control for individual factors. The provincial effects highlight the potential importance of negative externalities, and suggest that future research on pesticide-related damage should include information on local water, air and soil contamination. The incidence and determinants of pesticide poisoning among rice farmers in Vietnam's Mekong Delta, were assessed. To test the reliability of self-reported data, an acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) blood test was conducted for 190 rice farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The results revealed a high prevalence of pesticide poisoning by organophosphate and carbamate exposure, where over 35 percent of test subjects experienced acute pesticide poisoning, and 21 percent were chronically poisoned. A 1 percent increase in the use of highly hazardous pesticides increased the probability of poisoning by 3.9 percent and an increased use of protective measures decreased the probability of poisoning by 44.3 percent. Information on the health impacts of pesticides is quite limited in many developing countries, with many surveys relying solely on farmer self-assessments of their health status. To test the reliability of self-reported data, an acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE) blood test was conducted for 190 rice farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Results reveal a high prevalence of pesticide poisoning by organophosphate and carbamate exposure, where over 35% of test subjects experienced acute pesticide poisoning (a reduction of AChE >25%), and 21% chronically poisoned (>66% AChE reduction). Using the medical test results as benchmarks, we find that farmers’ self-reported symptoms have very weak associations with actual poisoning. To investigate the possible determinants of pesticide poisoning, a probit model was constructed with pesticide amount, toxicity, training, and the use of protective measures as explanatory variables. The results indicate that although the absolute amount of pesticides used does not increase the probability of poisoning, a 1% increase in the use of highly hazardous pesticides (WHO Ia or Ib) increases the probability of poisoning by 3.9% and an increased use of protective measures decreases the probability of poisoning by 44.3%. We also find significant provincial differences in poisoning incidence after we control for individual factors. The provincial effects highlight the potential importance of negative externalities, and suggest that future research on pesticide-related damage should include information on local water, air and soil contamination. |
| Author | Dasgupta, Susmita Xuyen, Khuc Meisner, Craig Thi Lam, Nhan Wheeler, David |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Susmita surname: Dasgupta fullname: Dasgupta, Susmita email: sdasgupta@worldbank.org organization: Development Economics Research Group, Infrastructure and Environment Unit, World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC MSN2-205, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Craig surname: Meisner fullname: Meisner, Craig organization: Development Economics Research Group, Infrastructure and Environment Unit, World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC MSN2-205, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: David surname: Wheeler fullname: Wheeler, David organization: Development Economics Research Group, Infrastructure and Environment Unit, World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC MSN2-205, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Khuc surname: Xuyen fullname: Xuyen, Khuc organization: National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hanoi, Vietnam – sequence: 5 givenname: Nhan surname: Thi Lam fullname: Thi Lam, Nhan organization: Central Medical Laboratory, Tien Giang Preventative Medicine Centre, Hanoi, Vietnam |
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| Cites_doi | 10.2307/1311994 10.1179/oeh.2002.8.3.191 10.5271/sjweh.19 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90356-T 10.1179/oeh.2001.7.4.313 10.2307/1243673 |
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| Keywords | Blood cholinesterase test Vietnam Organophosphates and carbamates Farm workers Enzyme Pesticides Esterases Cholinesterase Blood Carboxylic ester hydrolases Result Test Hydrolases Poisoning Organophosphorus compounds Farmer Carbamate Public health |
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| Snippet | Information on the health impacts of pesticides is quite limited in many developing countries, with many surveys relying solely on farmer self-assessments of... The incidence and determinants of pesticide poisoning among rice farmers in Vietnam's Mekong Delta, were assessed. To test the reliability of self-reported... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Agricultural Workers' Diseases - blood Agricultural Workers' Diseases - epidemiology Agricultural Workers' Diseases - prevention & control Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding Biological and medical sciences Blood cholinesterase test Carbamates - blood Carbamates - poisoning Cholinesterases - blood Cholinesterases - drug effects Developing Countries Environment. Living conditions Farm workers Female Humans Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Miscellaneous Occupational Exposure Organophosphate Poisoning Organophosphates - blood Organophosphates and carbamates Oryza sativa Pest Control - methods Pesticides - blood Pesticides - poisoning Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Reproducibility of Results Surveys and Questionnaires Toxicology Vietnam |
| Title | Pesticide poisoning of farm workers–implications of blood test results from Vietnam |
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