Acidification is required for calcium and magnesium concentration measurements in equine urine
Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidification and storage after acidification on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (P) concentratio...
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Published in | BMC veterinary research Vol. 20; no. 1; p. 21 |
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10.01.2024
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Abstract | Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidification and storage after acidification on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (P) concentrations and on fractional excretion (FE) of these electrolytes. Thirty-two fresh equine urine samples were analysed between December 2016 and July 2020. Complete urinalysis (stick and sediment) was performed on all samples. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were measured in supernatant of centrifuged native urine, urine directly centrifuged after acidification and urine centrifuged 1 hour after acidification. Urine was acidified with hydrochloric acid to reach a pH of 1-2. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were also measured in blood plasma, and fractional excretion of each electrolyte was calculated. Equality of medians was tested with Friedman tests and Bland-Altman bias plots were used to show the agreement between conditions.
Acidification had a statistically significant effect on Ca and Mg concentrations, FE
and FE
. Bland-Altman plot revealed a strong positive proportional bias between Ca concentration in native and acidified urine with a mean bias of 17.6 mmol/l. For Mg concentration, the difference between native and acidified urine was small with a mean bias of 1.8 mmol/l. The increase in FE
was clinically relevant. Storage of acidified urine had no effect on any of the measured ion concentrations. All P concentrations in native urine samples were below the detection limit of the assay and statistical analysis and calculation of FE
was not possible.
Urine acidification is essential for accurate measurement of Ca and Mg concentrations and therefore FE calculations in equine urine. Storage time of 1 hour after acidification does not significantly change Ca and Mg concentrations. |
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AbstractList | BackgroundAcidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidification and storage after acidification on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (P) concentrations and on fractional excretion (FE) of these electrolytes. Thirty-two fresh equine urine samples were analysed between December 2016 and July 2020. Complete urinalysis (stick and sediment) was performed on all samples. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were measured in supernatant of centrifuged native urine, urine directly centrifuged after acidification and urine centrifuged 1 hour after acidification. Urine was acidified with hydrochloric acid to reach a pH of 1–2. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were also measured in blood plasma, and fractional excretion of each electrolyte was calculated. Equality of medians was tested with Friedman tests and Bland-Altman bias plots were used to show the agreement between conditions.ResultsAcidification had a statistically significant effect on Ca and Mg concentrations, FECa and FEMg. Bland-Altman plot revealed a strong positive proportional bias between Ca concentration in native and acidified urine with a mean bias of 17.6 mmol/l. For Mg concentration, the difference between native and acidified urine was small with a mean bias of 1.8 mmol/l. The increase in FECa was clinically relevant. Storage of acidified urine had no effect on any of the measured ion concentrations. All P concentrations in native urine samples were below the detection limit of the assay and statistical analysis and calculation of FEP was not possible.ConclusionsUrine acidification is essential for accurate measurement of Ca and Mg concentrations and therefore FE calculations in equine urine. Storage time of 1 hour after acidification does not significantly change Ca and Mg concentrations. Abstract Background Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidification and storage after acidification on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (P) concentrations and on fractional excretion (FE) of these electrolytes. Thirty-two fresh equine urine samples were analysed between December 2016 and July 2020. Complete urinalysis (stick and sediment) was performed on all samples. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were measured in supernatant of centrifuged native urine, urine directly centrifuged after acidification and urine centrifuged 1 hour after acidification. Urine was acidified with hydrochloric acid to reach a pH of 1–2. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were also measured in blood plasma, and fractional excretion of each electrolyte was calculated. Equality of medians was tested with Friedman tests and Bland-Altman bias plots were used to show the agreement between conditions. Results Acidification had a statistically significant effect on Ca and Mg concentrations, FECa and FEMg. Bland-Altman plot revealed a strong positive proportional bias between Ca concentration in native and acidified urine with a mean bias of 17.6 mmol/l. For Mg concentration, the difference between native and acidified urine was small with a mean bias of 1.8 mmol/l. The increase in FECa was clinically relevant. Storage of acidified urine had no effect on any of the measured ion concentrations. All P concentrations in native urine samples were below the detection limit of the assay and statistical analysis and calculation of FEP was not possible. Conclusions Urine acidification is essential for accurate measurement of Ca and Mg concentrations and therefore FE calculations in equine urine. Storage time of 1 hour after acidification does not significantly change Ca and Mg concentrations. Abstract Background Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidification and storage after acidification on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (P) concentrations and on fractional excretion (FE) of these electrolytes. Thirty-two fresh equine urine samples were analysed between December 2016 and July 2020. Complete urinalysis (stick and sediment) was performed on all samples. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were measured in supernatant of centrifuged native urine, urine directly centrifuged after acidification and urine centrifuged 1 hour after acidification. Urine was acidified with hydrochloric acid to reach a pH of 1–2. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were also measured in blood plasma, and fractional excretion of each electrolyte was calculated. Equality of medians was tested with Friedman tests and Bland-Altman bias plots were used to show the agreement between conditions. Results Acidification had a statistically significant effect on Ca and Mg concentrations, FE Ca and FE Mg . Bland-Altman plot revealed a strong positive proportional bias between Ca concentration in native and acidified urine with a mean bias of 17.6 mmol/l. For Mg concentration, the difference between native and acidified urine was small with a mean bias of 1.8 mmol/l. The increase in FE Ca was clinically relevant. Storage of acidified urine had no effect on any of the measured ion concentrations. All P concentrations in native urine samples were below the detection limit of the assay and statistical analysis and calculation of FE P was not possible. Conclusions Urine acidification is essential for accurate measurement of Ca and Mg concentrations and therefore FE calculations in equine urine. Storage time of 1 hour after acidification does not significantly change Ca and Mg concentrations. Background Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidification and storage after acidification on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (P) concentrations and on fractional excretion (FE) of these electrolytes. Thirty-two fresh equine urine samples were analysed between December 2016 and July 2020. Complete urinalysis (stick and sediment) was performed on all samples. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were measured in supernatant of centrifuged native urine, urine directly centrifuged after acidification and urine centrifuged 1 hour after acidification. Urine was acidified with hydrochloric acid to reach a pH of 1-2. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were also measured in blood plasma, and fractional excretion of each electrolyte was calculated. Equality of medians was tested with Friedman tests and Bland-Altman bias plots were used to show the agreement between conditions. Results Acidification had a statistically significant effect on Ca and Mg concentrations, FE.sub.Ca and FE.sub.Mg. Bland-Altman plot revealed a strong positive proportional bias between Ca concentration in native and acidified urine with a mean bias of 17.6 mmol/l. For Mg concentration, the difference between native and acidified urine was small with a mean bias of 1.8 mmol/l. The increase in FE.sub.Ca was clinically relevant. Storage of acidified urine had no effect on any of the measured ion concentrations. All P concentrations in native urine samples were below the detection limit of the assay and statistical analysis and calculation of FE.sub.P was not possible. Conclusions Urine acidification is essential for accurate measurement of Ca and Mg concentrations and therefore FE calculations in equine urine. Storage time of 1 hour after acidification does not significantly change Ca and Mg concentrations. Keywords: Phosphate, Fractional excretion of calcium and magnesium, Hydrochloric acid Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidification and storage after acidification on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (P) concentrations and on fractional excretion (FE) of these electrolytes. Thirty-two fresh equine urine samples were analysed between December 2016 and July 2020. Complete urinalysis (stick and sediment) was performed on all samples. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were measured in supernatant of centrifuged native urine, urine directly centrifuged after acidification and urine centrifuged 1 hour after acidification. Urine was acidified with hydrochloric acid to reach a pH of 1-2. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were also measured in blood plasma, and fractional excretion of each electrolyte was calculated. Equality of medians was tested with Friedman tests and Bland-Altman bias plots were used to show the agreement between conditions. Acidification had a statistically significant effect on Ca and Mg concentrations, FE and FE . Bland-Altman plot revealed a strong positive proportional bias between Ca concentration in native and acidified urine with a mean bias of 17.6 mmol/l. For Mg concentration, the difference between native and acidified urine was small with a mean bias of 1.8 mmol/l. The increase in FE was clinically relevant. Storage of acidified urine had no effect on any of the measured ion concentrations. All P concentrations in native urine samples were below the detection limit of the assay and statistical analysis and calculation of FE was not possible. Urine acidification is essential for accurate measurement of Ca and Mg concentrations and therefore FE calculations in equine urine. Storage time of 1 hour after acidification does not significantly change Ca and Mg concentrations. Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidification and storage after acidification on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (P) concentrations and on fractional excretion (FE) of these electrolytes. Thirty-two fresh equine urine samples were analysed between December 2016 and July 2020. Complete urinalysis (stick and sediment) was performed on all samples. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were measured in supernatant of centrifuged native urine, urine directly centrifuged after acidification and urine centrifuged 1 hour after acidification. Urine was acidified with hydrochloric acid to reach a pH of 1-2. Ca, Mg, P and creatinine concentrations were also measured in blood plasma, and fractional excretion of each electrolyte was calculated. Equality of medians was tested with Friedman tests and Bland-Altman bias plots were used to show the agreement between conditions. Acidification had a statistically significant effect on Ca and Mg concentrations, FE.sub.Ca and FE.sub.Mg. Bland-Altman plot revealed a strong positive proportional bias between Ca concentration in native and acidified urine with a mean bias of 17.6 mmol/l. For Mg concentration, the difference between native and acidified urine was small with a mean bias of 1.8 mmol/l. The increase in FE.sub.Ca was clinically relevant. Storage of acidified urine had no effect on any of the measured ion concentrations. All P concentrations in native urine samples were below the detection limit of the assay and statistical analysis and calculation of FE.sub.P was not possible. Urine acidification is essential for accurate measurement of Ca and Mg concentrations and therefore FE calculations in equine urine. Storage time of 1 hour after acidification does not significantly change Ca and Mg concentrations. |
ArticleNumber | 21 |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Schoster, Angelika Stirn, Martina Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina Lapsina, Sandra Riond, Barbara |
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Keywords | Fractional excretion of calcium and magnesium Hydrochloric acid Phosphate |
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Snippet | Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective of this... Abstract Background Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The... Background Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective... BackgroundAcidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective... BACKGROUNDAcidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The objective... Abstract Background Acidification of equine urine to promote dissociation of ion complexes is a common practice for urine ion concentration measurements. The... |
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SubjectTerms | Acid deposition Acidification Analysis Animals Bias Body Fluids Calcium Calcium, Dietary Creatinine Crystals Diet Diseases Electrolytes Excretion Fractional excretion of calcium and magnesium Health aspects Horses Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Magnesium Magnesium in the body Measurement Phosphate Phosphates Sediments Sediments (Geology) Statistical analysis Urinalysis Urine |
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Title | Acidification is required for calcium and magnesium concentration measurements in equine urine |
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