Fluid mechanical performance of ureteral stents: The role of side hole and lumen size
Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most ureteral stents feature openings in the stent wall, referred to as side holes (SHs), which are designed to facilitate urine flux in and out of the stent l...
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| Published in | Bioengineering & translational medicine Vol. 8; no. 2; pp. e10407 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Hoboken, USA
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.03.2023
Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2380-6761 2380-6761 |
| DOI | 10.1002/btm2.10407 |
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| Abstract | Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most ureteral stents feature openings in the stent wall, referred to as side holes (SHs), which are designed to facilitate urine flux in and out of the stent lumen. However, systematic discussions on the role of SH and stent lumen size in regulating flux and shear stress levels are still lacking. In this study, we leveraged both experimental and numerical methods, using microscopic‐Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamic models, respectively, to explore the influence of varying SH and lumen diameters. Our results showed that by reducing the SH diameter from 1.1 to 0.4mm the median wall shear stress levels of the SHs near the ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction increased by over 150%, even though the flux magnitudes through these SH decreased by about 40%. All other SHs were associated with low flux and low shear stress levels. Reducing the stent lumen diameter significantly impeded the luminal flow and the flux through SHs. By means of zero‐dimensional models and scaling relations, we summarized previous findings on the subject and argued that the design of stent inlet/outlet is key in regulating the flow characteristics described above. Finally, we offered some clinically relevant input in terms of choosing the right stent for the right patient. |
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| AbstractList | Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most ureteral stents feature openings in the stent wall, referred to as side holes (SHs), which are designed to facilitate urine flux in and out of the stent lumen. However, systematic discussions on the role of SH and stent lumen size in regulating flux and shear stress levels are still lacking. In this study, we leveraged both experimental and numerical methods, using microscopic‐Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamic models, respectively, to explore the influence of varying SH and lumen diameters. Our results showed that by reducing the SH diameter from
1.1
to
0.4
mm
the median wall shear stress levels of the SHs near the ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction increased by over
150
%
, even though the flux magnitudes through these SH decreased by about
40
%
. All other SHs were associated with low flux and low shear stress levels. Reducing the stent lumen diameter significantly impeded the luminal flow and the flux through SHs. By means of zero‐dimensional models and scaling relations, we summarized previous findings on the subject and argued that the design of stent inlet/outlet is key in regulating the flow characteristics described above. Finally, we offered some clinically relevant input in terms of choosing the right stent for the right patient. Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most ureteral stents feature openings in the stent wall, referred to as side holes (SHs), which are designed to facilitate urine flux in and out of the stent lumen. However, systematic discussions on the role of SH and stent lumen size in regulating flux and shear stress levels are still lacking. In this study, we leveraged both experimental and numerical methods, using microscopic-Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamic models, respectively, to explore the influence of varying SH and lumen diameters. Our results showed that by reducing the SH diameter from 1.1 to 0.4mm the median wall shear stress levels of the SHs near the ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction increased by over 150%, even though the flux magnitudes through these SH decreased by about 40%. All other SHs were associated with low flux and low shear stress levels. Reducing the stent lumen diameter significantly impeded the luminal flow and the flux through SHs. By means of zero-dimensional models and scaling relations, we summarized previous findings on the subject and argued that the design of stent inlet/outlet is key in regulating the flow characteristics described above. Finally, we offered some clinically relevant input in terms of choosing the right stent for the right patient. Abstract Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most ureteral stents feature openings in the stent wall, referred to as side holes (SHs), which are designed to facilitate urine flux in and out of the stent lumen. However, systematic discussions on the role of SH and stent lumen size in regulating flux and shear stress levels are still lacking. In this study, we leveraged both experimental and numerical methods, using microscopic‐Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamic models, respectively, to explore the influence of varying SH and lumen diameters. Our results showed that by reducing the SH diameter from 1.1 to 0.4mm the median wall shear stress levels of the SHs near the ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction increased by over 150%, even though the flux magnitudes through these SH decreased by about 40%. All other SHs were associated with low flux and low shear stress levels. Reducing the stent lumen diameter significantly impeded the luminal flow and the flux through SHs. By means of zero‐dimensional models and scaling relations, we summarized previous findings on the subject and argued that the design of stent inlet/outlet is key in regulating the flow characteristics described above. Finally, we offered some clinically relevant input in terms of choosing the right stent for the right patient. Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most ureteral stents feature openings in the stent wall, referred to as side holes (SHs), which are designed to facilitate urine flux in and out of the stent lumen. However, systematic discussions on the role of SH and stent lumen size in regulating flux and shear stress levels are still lacking. In this study, we leveraged both experimental and numerical methods, using microscopic-Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamic models, respectively, to explore the influence of varying SH and lumen diameters. Our results showed that by reducing the SH diameter from to the median wall shear stress levels of the SHs near the ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction increased by over , even though the flux magnitudes through these SH decreased by about . All other SHs were associated with low flux and low shear stress levels. Reducing the stent lumen diameter significantly impeded the luminal flow and the flux through SHs. By means of zero-dimensional models and scaling relations, we summarized previous findings on the subject and argued that the design of stent inlet/outlet is key in regulating the flow characteristics described above. Finally, we offered some clinically relevant input in terms of choosing the right stent for the right patient. Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most ureteral stents feature openings in the stent wall, referred to as side holes (SHs), which are designed to facilitate urine flux in and out of the stent lumen. However, systematic discussions on the role of SH and stent lumen size in regulating flux and shear stress levels are still lacking. In this study, we leveraged both experimental and numerical methods, using microscopic‐Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamic models, respectively, to explore the influence of varying SH and lumen diameters. Our results showed that by reducing the SH diameter from to the median wall shear stress levels of the SHs near the ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction increased by over , even though the flux magnitudes through these SH decreased by about . All other SHs were associated with low flux and low shear stress levels. Reducing the stent lumen diameter significantly impeded the luminal flow and the flux through SHs. By means of zero‐dimensional models and scaling relations, we summarized previous findings on the subject and argued that the design of stent inlet/outlet is key in regulating the flow characteristics described above. Finally, we offered some clinically relevant input in terms of choosing the right stent for the right patient. Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most ureteral stents feature openings in the stent wall, referred to as side holes (SHs), which are designed to facilitate urine flux in and out of the stent lumen. However, systematic discussions on the role of SH and stent lumen size in regulating flux and shear stress levels are still lacking. In this study, we leveraged both experimental and numerical methods, using microscopic-Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamic models, respectively, to explore the influence of varying SH and lumen diameters. Our results showed that by reducing the SH diameter from 1.1 to 0.4 mm the median wall shear stress levels of the SHs near the ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction increased by over 150 % , even though the flux magnitudes through these SH decreased by about 40 % . All other SHs were associated with low flux and low shear stress levels. Reducing the stent lumen diameter significantly impeded the luminal flow and the flux through SHs. By means of zero-dimensional models and scaling relations, we summarized previous findings on the subject and argued that the design of stent inlet/outlet is key in regulating the flow characteristics described above. Finally, we offered some clinically relevant input in terms of choosing the right stent for the right patient.Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most ureteral stents feature openings in the stent wall, referred to as side holes (SHs), which are designed to facilitate urine flux in and out of the stent lumen. However, systematic discussions on the role of SH and stent lumen size in regulating flux and shear stress levels are still lacking. In this study, we leveraged both experimental and numerical methods, using microscopic-Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamic models, respectively, to explore the influence of varying SH and lumen diameters. Our results showed that by reducing the SH diameter from 1.1 to 0.4 mm the median wall shear stress levels of the SHs near the ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction increased by over 150 % , even though the flux magnitudes through these SH decreased by about 40 % . All other SHs were associated with low flux and low shear stress levels. Reducing the stent lumen diameter significantly impeded the luminal flow and the flux through SHs. By means of zero-dimensional models and scaling relations, we summarized previous findings on the subject and argued that the design of stent inlet/outlet is key in regulating the flow characteristics described above. Finally, we offered some clinically relevant input in terms of choosing the right stent for the right patient. |
| Author | Obrist, Dominik Burkhard, Fiona Zheng, Shaokai Clavica, Francesco |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Urology Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern Bern Switzerland 1 ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland – name: 2 Department of Urology Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern Bern Switzerland |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36925692$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0022‐5347(01)67697‐3 10.1038/nrurol.2014.340 10.1002/cnm.3294 10.3389/fruro.2022.836563 10.3233/BME‐151319 10.1002/wsbm.1523 10.1063/5.0083260 10.1007/s00348‐005‐0016‐6 10.1089/end.2005.19.170 10.3390/mi11040408 10.1371/journal.pone.0087433 10.1046/j.1464‐410X.1996.09298.x 10.1007/978-3-319-68852-7 10.1007/BF01637374 10.1002/adtp.202100158 10.1115/1.2472381 10.1159/000443379 10.5334/jors.334 10.1089/end.2011.0385 10.1016/j.urology.2015.05.015 10.1016/S0022‐5347(01)66815‐0 10.1016/S0090‐4295(01)01317‐6 10.1080/08927014.2018.1562549 10.1063/1.5059370 10.1155/2017/5172641 10.1007/s00240‐020‐01211‐9 |
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| Keywords | micro‐PIV modeling shear stress ureter encrustation ureteral stent particle image velocimetry calibration |
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| Snippet | Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most ureteral... Abstract Ureteral stents are indispensable devices in urological practice to maintain and reinstate the drainage of urine in the upper urinary tract. Most... |
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| SubjectTerms | Biofilms calibration Diameters Dynamic models encrustation Flow characteristics Glycerol Mechanical properties micro‐PIV modeling Numerical methods Particle image velocimetry Physiology Reynolds number Shear stress Silicones Stents ureter ureteral stent Ureteral stents Urine Values Viscosity Wall shear stresses |
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| Title | Fluid mechanical performance of ureteral stents: The role of side hole and lumen size |
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