Hide and seek: interplay between influenza viruses and B cells
Abstract Influenza virus constantly acquires genetic mutations/reassortment in the major surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), resulting in the generation of strains with antigenic variations. There are, however, HA epitopes that are conserved across influenza viruses and are targeted by broadly prot...
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| Published in | International immunology Vol. 32; no. 9; pp. 605 - 611 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Oxford University Press
08.09.2020
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| Abstract | Abstract
Influenza virus constantly acquires genetic mutations/reassortment in the major surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), resulting in the generation of strains with antigenic variations. There are, however, HA epitopes that are conserved across influenza viruses and are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. A goal for the next-generation influenza vaccines is to stimulate B-cell responses against such conserved epitopes in order to provide broad protection against divergent influenza viruses. Broadly protective B cells, however, are not easily activated by HA antigens with native structure, because the virus has multiple strategies to escape from the humoral immune responses directed to the conserved epitopes. One such strategy is to hide the conserved epitopes from the B-cell surveillance by steric hindrance. Technical advancement in the analysis of the human B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) repertoire has dissected the BCRs to HA epitopes that are hidden in the native structure but are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. We describe here the characterization and function of broadly protective antibodies and strategies that enable B cells to seek these hidden epitopes, with potential implications for the development of universal influenza vaccines. |
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| AbstractList | Influenza virus constantly acquires genetic mutations/reassortment in the major surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), resulting in the generation of strains with antigenic variations. There are, however, HA epitopes that are conserved across influenza viruses and are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. A goal for the next-generation influenza vaccines is to stimulate B-cell responses against such conserved epitopes in order to provide broad protection against divergent influenza viruses. Broadly protective B cells, however, are not easily activated by HA antigens with native structure, because the virus has multiple strategies to escape from the humoral immune responses directed to the conserved epitopes. One such strategy is to hide the conserved epitopes from the B-cell surveillance by steric hindrance. Technical advancement in the analysis of the human B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) repertoire has dissected the BCRs to HA epitopes that are hidden in the native structure but are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. We describe here the characterization and function of broadly protective antibodies and strategies that enable B cells to seek these hidden epitopes, with potential implications for the development of universal influenza vaccines. Abstract Influenza virus constantly acquires genetic mutations/reassortment in the major surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), resulting in the generation of strains with antigenic variations. There are, however, HA epitopes that are conserved across influenza viruses and are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. A goal for the next-generation influenza vaccines is to stimulate B-cell responses against such conserved epitopes in order to provide broad protection against divergent influenza viruses. Broadly protective B cells, however, are not easily activated by HA antigens with native structure, because the virus has multiple strategies to escape from the humoral immune responses directed to the conserved epitopes. One such strategy is to hide the conserved epitopes from the B-cell surveillance by steric hindrance. Technical advancement in the analysis of the human B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) repertoire has dissected the BCRs to HA epitopes that are hidden in the native structure but are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. We describe here the characterization and function of broadly protective antibodies and strategies that enable B cells to seek these hidden epitopes, with potential implications for the development of universal influenza vaccines. Influenza virus constantly acquires genetic mutations/reassortment in the major surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), resulting in the generation of strains with antigenic variations. There are, however, HA epitopes that are conserved across influenza viruses and are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. A goal for the next-generation influenza vaccines is to stimulate B-cell responses against such conserved epitopes in order to provide broad protection against divergent influenza viruses. Broadly protective B cells, however, are not easily activated by HA antigens with native structure, because the virus has multiple strategies to escape from the humoral immune responses directed to the conserved epitopes. One such strategy is to hide the conserved epitopes from the B-cell surveillance by steric hindrance. Technical advancement in the analysis of the human B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) repertoire has dissected the BCRs to HA epitopes that are hidden in the native structure but are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. We describe here the characterization and function of broadly protective antibodies and strategies that enable B cells to seek these hidden epitopes, with potential implications for the development of universal influenza vaccines.Influenza virus constantly acquires genetic mutations/reassortment in the major surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), resulting in the generation of strains with antigenic variations. There are, however, HA epitopes that are conserved across influenza viruses and are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. A goal for the next-generation influenza vaccines is to stimulate B-cell responses against such conserved epitopes in order to provide broad protection against divergent influenza viruses. Broadly protective B cells, however, are not easily activated by HA antigens with native structure, because the virus has multiple strategies to escape from the humoral immune responses directed to the conserved epitopes. One such strategy is to hide the conserved epitopes from the B-cell surveillance by steric hindrance. Technical advancement in the analysis of the human B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) repertoire has dissected the BCRs to HA epitopes that are hidden in the native structure but are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. We describe here the characterization and function of broadly protective antibodies and strategies that enable B cells to seek these hidden epitopes, with potential implications for the development of universal influenza vaccines. |
| Author | Adachi, Yu Kuraoka, Masayuki Takahashi, Yoshimasa |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Immunology, Duke University , Durham, NC, USA 2 Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan – name: 1 Department of Immunology, Duke University , Durham, NC, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Masayuki surname: Kuraoka fullname: Kuraoka, Masayuki email: masayuki.kuraoka@duke.edu organization: Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Yu surname: Adachi fullname: Adachi, Yu organization: Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Yoshimasa surname: Takahashi fullname: Takahashi, Yoshimasa email: ytakahas@niid.go.jp organization: Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32304215$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms12091846 crossref_primary_10_3390_v14122739 crossref_primary_10_1093_intimm_dxaa056 crossref_primary_10_1128_MMBR_00078_20 crossref_primary_10_3390_vaccines9070717 |
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| Keywords | germinal centers occluded epitope broadly protective antibodies B-cell responses |
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Influenza virus constantly acquires genetic mutations/reassortment in the major surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), resulting in the generation of... Influenza virus constantly acquires genetic mutations/reassortment in the major surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), resulting in the generation of strains... |
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| SubjectTerms | B-Lymphocytes - immunology Hemagglutinins - immunology Humans Invited Reviews Orthomyxoviridae - immunology Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell - immunology |
| Title | Hide and seek: interplay between influenza viruses and B cells |
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