Rosemary extracts improve flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery and plasma PAI-1 activity in healthy young volunteers

• Published in: Phytotherapy research Vol. 25; no. 3; pp. 402 - 407
• Main Authors: Sinkovic, Andreja, Suran, David, Lokar, Lidija, Fliser, Eva, Skerget, Mojca, Novak, Zoran, Knez, Zeljko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.03.2011; Wiley
• Subjects: Abietanes; Abietanes - pharmacology; adhesion; Administration, Oral; Adult; adverse effects; antioxidants; atherosclerosis; Biological and medical sciences; blood; Brachial Artery; Brachial Artery - diagnostic imaging; Brachial Artery - drug effects; cell adhesion; chemistry; Cinnamates; Cinnamates - pharmacology; Depsides; Depsides - pharmacology; drug effects; endothelial dysfunction; Endothelium, Vascular; Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects; fasting; Female; fibrinogen; flow-mediated dilatation; General pharmacology; glutathione peroxidase; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food; pharmacology; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Plant Extracts; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - blood; Prospective Studies; risk; rosemary; rosemary extracts; Rosmarinic Acid; Rosmarinus; Rosmarinus - chemistry; superoxide dismutase; ultrasonics; Ultrasonography; Vasodilation; Vasodilation - drug effects; Vasodilator Agents; Vasodilator Agents - pharmacology; volunteers; Human; Biological fluid; Healthy subject; Pharmacognosy; flow-mediated dilatation; plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1; Extract; Artery; Medicinal plant; Blood plasma; Blood vessel; Plant origin; Endothelial dysfunction; Flavoring crop; Rosemary; Inhibitor; Circulatory system; rosemary extracts; Life Sciences
• ISSN: 0951-418X; 1099-1573; 1099-1573
• DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3276

Polyphenol antioxidants decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. The study aimed to evaluate prospectively in healthy young participants the effect of oral rosemary extracts (RE), consisting of diphenols, upon endothelial dysfunction (ED), preceding structural atherosclerosis. Nineteen healthy young volunteers were studied prospectively, who received oral RE (77.7 mg) for 21 days, consisting of active substances carnosol (0.97 mg), carnosic (8.60 mg) and rosmarinic acid (10.30 mg). Before and after RE treatment, the study evaluated fasting serum levels of plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), fibrinogen, high-sensitivity capsular reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor-necrosis factor α (TNF-α), the lipid profile and ED, characterized as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery of <4.5%, estimated by ultrasound measurements. After 21 days, any side effects were registered, the mean FMD increased nonsignificantly (6.51 ± 5.96% vs 7.78 ± 4.56%, p = 0.546) and ED decreased significantly (66.6% vs 16.6%, p = 0.040). Among the serum markers, only the mean PAI-1 level decreased significantly (4.25 ± 1.46 U/mL vs 3.0 ± 0.61 U/mL, p = 0.012) after 21-day RE supplementation. It is concluded that oral RE supplementation has the potential to improve serum PAI-1 activity and ED in young and healthy individuals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.