Eiders (Somateria mollissima) obtain nodularin, a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, in baltic sea food web
Nodularin (NODN) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena, which occurs regularly in the Baltic Sea during the summer season. Nodularia blooms have caused several animal kills in the Baltic Sea area, and NODLN has been found in mussels and fish caught f...
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| Published in | Environmental toxicology and chemistry Vol. 23; no. 5; pp. 1256 - 1260 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Hoboken
Wiley Periodicals, Inc
01.05.2004
SETAC |
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| Abstract | Nodularin (NODN) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena, which occurs regularly in the Baltic Sea during the summer season. Nodularia blooms have caused several animal kills in the Baltic Sea area, and NODLN has been found in mussels and fish caught from the northern Baltic Sea in 1996 to 2002. We analyzed liver samples of common eider (Somateria mollissima) for NODLN by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Eiders feed extensively on mussel and can be exposed to NODLN by contaminated mussels. Fifteen eiders were shot and collected from three different sites in the western Gulf of Finland (northern Baltic Sea) in August and September 2002. Analyses by ELISA and LC‐MS showed that eider liver samples contained 3 to 180 μg NODLN/kg dry weight and 0.1 to 5.8 μg NODLN/liver (dry wt). This is the first documentation of NODLN in seabirds and additional evidence for the transfer of NODLN in different parts of the Baltic Sea food web. |
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| AbstractList | Nodularin (NODLN) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena, which occurs regularly in the Baltic Sea during the summer season. Nodularia blooms have caused several animal kills in the Baltic Sea area, and NODLN has been found in mussels and fish caught from the northern Baltic Sea in 1996 to 2002. We analyzed liver samples of common eider (Somateria mollissima) for NODLN by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Eiders feed extensively on mussel and can be exposed to NODLN by contaminated mussels. Fifteen eiders were shot and collected from three different sites in the western Gulf of Finland (northern Baltic Sea) in August and September 2002. Analyses by ELISA and LC-MS showed that eider liver samples contained 3 to 180 mu g NODLN/kg dry weight and 0.1 to 5.8 mu g NODLN/liver (dry wt). This is the first documentation of NODLN in seabirds and additional evidence for the transfer of NODLN in different parts of the Baltic Sea food web. Nodularin (NODLN) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena, which occurs regularly in the Baltic Sea during the summer season. Nodularia blooms have caused several animal kills in the Baltic Sea area, and NODLN has been found in mussels and fish caught from the northern Baltic Sea in 1996 to 2002. We analyzed liver samples of common eider (Somateria mollissima) for NODLN by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Eiders feed extensively on mussel and can be exposed to NODLN by contaminated mussels. Fifteen eiders were shot and collected from three different sites in the western Gulf of Finland (northern Baltic Sea) in August and September 2002. Analyses by ELISA and LC-MS showed that eider liver samples contained 3 to 180 microg NODLN/kg dry weight and 0.1 to 5.8 microg NODLN/liver (dry wt). This is the first documentation of NODLN in seabirds and additional evidence for the transfer of NODLN in different parts of the Baltic Sea food web. Common eiders Somateria mollissima in the northern Baltic Sea feed on blue mussels Mytilus edulis, which may be contaminated with algal toxins. Livers from 15 eiders shot by local hunters were analyzed for the presence of nodularin, a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium, Nodularia spumigena. Analyses were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The observed nodularin concentrations in the liver samples ranged 3 180 mu g/kg dry weight, ranging 0.1 5.8 mu g/liver when calculated by total liver weight. The ELISA results indicated higher nodularin concentrations in nearly half the samples compared with the results from liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, indicating the presence of nodularin conjugates. Abstract Nodularin (NODN) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena , which occurs regularly in the Baltic Sea during the summer season. Nodularia blooms have caused several animal kills in the Baltic Sea area, and NODLN has been found in mussels and fish caught from the northern Baltic Sea in 1996 to 2002. We analyzed liver samples of common eider ( Somateria mollissima ) for NODLN by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Eiders feed extensively on mussel and can be exposed to NODLN by contaminated mussels. Fifteen eiders were shot and collected from three different sites in the western Gulf of Finland (northern Baltic Sea) in August and September 2002. Analyses by ELISA and LC‐MS showed that eider liver samples contained 3 to 180 μg NODLN/kg dry weight and 0.1 to 5.8 μg NODLN/liver (dry wt). This is the first documentation of NODLN in seabirds and additional evidence for the transfer of NODLN in different parts of the Baltic Sea food web. Nodularin (NODN) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena, which occurs regularly in the Baltic Sea during the summer season. Nodularia blooms have caused several animal kills in the Baltic Sea area, and NODLN has been found in mussels and fish caught from the northern Baltic Sea in 1996 to 2002. We analyzed liver samples of common eider (Somateria mollissima) for NODLN by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Eiders feed extensively on mussel and can be exposed to NODLN by contaminated mussels. Fifteen eiders were shot and collected from three different sites in the western Gulf of Finland (northern Baltic Sea) in August and September 2002. Analyses by ELISA and LC‐MS showed that eider liver samples contained 3 to 180 μg NODLN/kg dry weight and 0.1 to 5.8 μg NODLN/liver (dry wt). This is the first documentation of NODLN in seabirds and additional evidence for the transfer of NODLN in different parts of the Baltic Sea food web. |
| Author | Kankaanpää, Harri T. Karlsson, Krister M. Meriluoto, Jussi A. O. Sipiä, Vesa O. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Vesa O. surname: Sipiä fullname: Sipiä, Vesa O. email: vesa.sipia@fimr.fi organization: Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR), Asiakkaankatu 3A, FIN-00930 Helsinki, Finland – sequence: 2 givenname: Krister M. surname: Karlsson fullname: Karlsson, Krister M. organization: Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy Åbo Akademi University, P.O. Box 66, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland – sequence: 3 givenname: Jussi A. O. surname: Meriluoto fullname: Meriluoto, Jussi A. O. organization: Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy Åbo Akademi University, P.O. Box 66, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland – sequence: 4 givenname: Harri T. surname: Kankaanpää fullname: Kankaanpää, Harri T. organization: Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR), Asiakkaankatu 3A, FIN-00930 Helsinki, Finland |
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| Keywords | Somateria mollissima Bioaccumulation Common eider Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry Nodularia Ecotoxicology Digestive system Toxicity Liver Liquid chromatography Anatidae Marine environment Pollutant Trophic chain Toxin Vertebrata Food web Microbial origin Cyanobacteria Bloom Bacteria Aves Biological accumulation Hepatotoxicity Mass spectrometry |
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| Snippet | Nodularin (NODN) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena, which occurs regularly in the Baltic Sea during the... Nodularin (NODLN) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena, which occurs regularly in the Baltic Sea during the... Abstract Nodularin (NODN) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena , which occurs regularly in the Baltic Sea... Common eiders Somateria mollissima in the northern Baltic Sea feed on blue mussels Mytilus edulis, which may be contaminated with algal toxins. Livers from 15... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Aves Bacterial Toxins - analysis Bioaccumulation Biological and medical sciences Brackish Chordata Common eider Cyanobacteria - chemistry Cyanophyta Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates Environmental Monitoring Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Finland Food Chain Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry Liver - metabolism Marine Mytilidae Nodularia Nodularia spumigena Oceans and Seas Peptides, Cyclic - analysis Peptides, Cyclic - chemistry Somateria mollissima |
| Title | Eiders (Somateria mollissima) obtain nodularin, a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, in baltic sea food web |
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