Review of Underwater Sensing Technologies and Applications

As the ocean development process speeds up, the technical means of ocean exploration are being upgraded. Due to the characteristics of seawater and the complex underwater environment, conventional measurement and sensing methods used for land are difficult to apply in the underwater environment dire...

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Published inSensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 21; no. 23; p. 7849
Main Authors Sun, Kai, Cui, Weicheng, Chen, Chi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 25.11.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Acoustics
Autonomous underwater vehicles
Geology
ocean sensing
Oceans
Power supply
Review
Sediments
sensor technologies
Sensors
Sonar
Sound
submersible
Topography
Underwater exploration
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Abstract As the ocean development process speeds up, the technical means of ocean exploration are being upgraded. Due to the characteristics of seawater and the complex underwater environment, conventional measurement and sensing methods used for land are difficult to apply in the underwater environment directly. Especially for the seabed topography, it is impossible to carry out long-distance and accurate detection via electromagnetic waves. Therefore, various types of acoustic and even optical sensing devices for underwater applications have come into use. Equipped by submersibles, those underwater sensors can sense underwater wide-range and accurately. Moreover, the development of sensor technology will be modified and optimized according to the needs of ocean exploitation. This paper has made a summary of the ocean sensing technologies applied in some critical underwater scenarios, including geological surveys, navigation and communication, marine environmental parameters, and underwater inspections. In order to contain as many submersible-based sensors as possible, we have to make a trade-off on breadth and depth. In the end, the authors predict the development trend of underwater sensor technology based on the future ocean exploration requirements.
AbstractList As the ocean development process speeds up, the technical means of ocean exploration are being upgraded. Due to the characteristics of seawater and the complex underwater environment, conventional measurement and sensing methods used for land are difficult to apply in the underwater environment directly. Especially for the seabed topography, it is impossible to carry out long-distance and accurate detection via electromagnetic waves. Therefore, various types of acoustic and even optical sensing devices for underwater applications have come into use. Equipped by submersibles, those underwater sensors can sense underwater wide-range and accurately. Moreover, the development of sensor technology will be modified and optimized according to the needs of ocean exploitation. This paper has made a summary of the ocean sensing technologies applied in some critical underwater scenarios, including geological surveys, navigation and communication, marine environmental parameters, and underwater inspections. In order to contain as many submersible-based sensors as possible, we have to make a trade-off on breadth and depth. In the end, the authors predict the development trend of underwater sensor technology based on the future ocean exploration requirements.
As the ocean development process speeds up, the technical means of ocean exploration are being upgraded. Due to the characteristics of seawater and the complex underwater environment, conventional measurement and sensing methods used for land are difficult to apply in the underwater environment directly. Especially for the seabed topography, it is impossible to carry out long-distance and accurate detection via electromagnetic waves. Therefore, various types of acoustic and even optical sensing devices for underwater applications have come into use. Equipped by submersibles, those underwater sensors can sense underwater wide-range and accurately. Moreover, the development of sensor technology will be modified and optimized according to the needs of ocean exploitation. This paper has made a summary of the ocean sensing technologies applied in some critical underwater scenarios, including geological surveys, navigation and communication, marine environmental parameters, and underwater inspections. In order to contain as many submersible-based sensors as possible, we have to make a trade-off on breadth and depth. In the end, the authors predict the development trend of underwater sensor technology based on the future ocean exploration requirements.As the ocean development process speeds up, the technical means of ocean exploration are being upgraded. Due to the characteristics of seawater and the complex underwater environment, conventional measurement and sensing methods used for land are difficult to apply in the underwater environment directly. Especially for the seabed topography, it is impossible to carry out long-distance and accurate detection via electromagnetic waves. Therefore, various types of acoustic and even optical sensing devices for underwater applications have come into use. Equipped by submersibles, those underwater sensors can sense underwater wide-range and accurately. Moreover, the development of sensor technology will be modified and optimized according to the needs of ocean exploitation. This paper has made a summary of the ocean sensing technologies applied in some critical underwater scenarios, including geological surveys, navigation and communication, marine environmental parameters, and underwater inspections. In order to contain as many submersible-based sensors as possible, we have to make a trade-off on breadth and depth. In the end, the authors predict the development trend of underwater sensor technology based on the future ocean exploration requirements.
Author Sun, Kai
Cui, Weicheng
Chen, Chi
AuthorAffiliation 1 Zhejiang University-Westlake University Joint Training, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310024, China; sunkai@westlake.edu.cn
2 Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province (KLCER), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; chen.chi.1990@outlook.com
3 Zhejiang Nektron Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province (KLCER), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; chen.chi.1990@outlook.com
– name: 1 Zhejiang University-Westlake University Joint Training, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310024, China; sunkai@westlake.edu.cn
– name: 3 Zhejiang Nektron Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Kai
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4784-0782
  surname: Sun
  fullname: Sun, Kai
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Weicheng
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1871-2658
  surname: Cui
  fullname: Cui, Weicheng
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Chi
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8757-7456
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Chi
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Snippet As the ocean development process speeds up, the technical means of ocean exploration are being upgraded. Due to the characteristics of seawater and the complex...
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StartPage 7849
SubjectTerms Acoustics
Autonomous underwater vehicles
Geology
ocean sensing
Oceans
Power supply
Review
Sediments
sensor technologies
Sensors
Sonar
Sound
submersible
Topography
Underwater exploration
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Title Review of Underwater Sensing Technologies and Applications
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Volume 21
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