The LIFE STREAMS Project for the Recovery of the Native Mediterranean Trout in Six Italian Pilot Areas: Planning and Adoption of Conservation Actions
The Mediterranean trout (currently referred to as Salmo ghigii for Corsican and Italian-native populations) is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, due to fragmented distribution and declining populations across its whole range, and is included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. Th...
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| Published in | Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 14; no. 5; p. 573 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Switzerland
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20.05.2025
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| Abstract | The Mediterranean trout (currently referred to as Salmo ghigii for Corsican and Italian-native populations) is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, due to fragmented distribution and declining populations across its whole range, and is included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. The widespread genome introgression from the invasive Atlantic trout (Salmo trutta), overexploitation, and habitat alterations represent major threats to the persistence of native populations. The LIFE18NAT/IT/000931 STREAMS project aims to enhance conservation status of Mediterranean trout in 6 Italian pilot areas (Maiella, Sibillini Mountains, Casentino Forests and Pollino National Parks, Montemarcello-Magra-Vara Regional Park, and Sardinia with five sites of the Natura 2000 Network), and in 19 transferability areas covering almost the whole Italian species range. To achieve this, the following conservation strategies were implemented: (i) the identification of residual native populations; (ii) eradication of entirely Atlantic-exotic populations and removal of hybrids in admixed populations; (iii) restocking/reintroduction of native populations; (iv) monitoring/improving the Mediterranean trout habitats quality; (v) production of the “Guidelines for the conservation and management of native Mediterranean trout and its habitat”; and (vi) the prevention of illegal stocking. Here, we present the project rationale, major outcomes on demographic and genetic characterization of wild populations, and summary results from conservation actions. |
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| AbstractList | The Mediterranean trout Salmo ghigii is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. The extensive genetic pollution due to the introduction of th invasive Atlantic trout (Salmo trutta) and habitat degradation are among the main threats to the survival of the species. Our aims were as follows: (i) to offer a comprehensive overview of the current conservation status of the species across six Italian pilot areas (National or Regional Parks and Nature 2000 sites), based on the research conducted within the LIFE18NAT/IT/000931 STREAMS project; (ii) show the summary results achieved through a series of combined actions, aimed at enhancing the conservation status of the species within a broad and heterogeneous spatial context. A national conservation strategy for the Mediterranean trout was addressed, intending to provide a management framework encompassing the species range. Our results underscore the relevance of a multilevel genetic–ecological approach for the preservation of intensively managed taxa, such as salmonids, which could be extended to other areas and species subject to similar management issues. Moreover, our research emphasizes the key role of protected areas in the detection, recovery, and maintenance of residual native populations, which are not exempt from the effects of human-induced stressors. The Mediterranean trout Salmo ghigii is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. The extensive genetic pollution due to the introduction of th invasive Atlantic trout ( Salmo trutta ) and habitat degradation are among the main threats to the survival of the species. Our aims were as follows: (i) to offer a comprehensive overview of the current conservation status of the species across six Italian pilot areas (National or Regional Parks and Nature 2000 sites), based on the research conducted within the LIFE18NAT/IT/000931 STREAMS project; (ii) show the summary results achieved through a series of combined actions, aimed at enhancing the conservation status of the species within a broad and heterogeneous spatial context. A national conservation strategy for the Mediterranean trout was addressed, intending to provide a management framework encompassing the species range. Our results underscore the relevance of a multilevel genetic–ecological approach for the preservation of intensively managed taxa, such as salmonids, which could be extended to other areas and species subject to similar management issues. Moreover, our research emphasizes the key role of protected areas in the detection, recovery, and maintenance of residual native populations, which are not exempt from the effects of human-induced stressors. The Mediterranean trout (currently referred to as Salmo ghigii for Corsican and Italian-native populations) is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, due to fragmented distribution and declining populations across its whole range, and is included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. The widespread genome introgression from the invasive Atlantic trout ( Salmo trutta ), overexploitation, and habitat alterations represent major threats to the persistence of native populations. The LIFE18NAT/IT/000931 STREAMS project aims to enhance conservation status of Mediterranean trout in 6 Italian pilot areas (Maiella, Sibillini Mountains, Casentino Forests and Pollino National Parks, Montemarcello-Magra-Vara Regional Park, and Sardinia with five sites of the Natura 2000 Network), and in 19 transferability areas covering almost the whole Italian species range. To achieve this, the following conservation strategies were implemented: (i) the identification of residual native populations; (ii) eradication of entirely Atlantic-exotic populations and removal of hybrids in admixed populations; (iii) restocking/reintroduction of native populations; (iv) monitoring/improving the Mediterranean trout habitats quality; (v) production of the “Guidelines for the conservation and management of native Mediterranean trout and its habitat”; and (vi) the prevention of illegal stocking. Here, we present the project rationale, major outcomes on demographic and genetic characterization of wild populations, and summary results from conservation actions. The Mediterranean trout (currently referred to as Salmo ghigii for Corsican and Italian-native populations) is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, due to fragmented distribution and declining populations across its whole range, and is included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. The widespread genome introgression from the invasive Atlantic trout (Salmo trutta), overexploitation, and habitat alterations represent major threats to the persistence of native populations. The LIFE18NAT/IT/000931 STREAMS project aims to enhance conservation status of Mediterranean trout in 6 Italian pilot areas (Maiella, Sibillini Mountains, Casentino Forests and Pollino National Parks, Montemarcello-Magra-Vara Regional Park, and Sardinia with five sites of the Natura 2000 Network), and in 19 transferability areas covering almost the whole Italian species range. To achieve this, the following conservation strategies were implemented: (i) the identification of residual native populations; (ii) eradication of entirely Atlantic-exotic populations and removal of hybrids in admixed populations; (iii) restocking/reintroduction of native populations; (iv) monitoring/improving the Mediterranean trout habitats quality; (v) production of the “Guidelines for the conservation and management of native Mediterranean trout and its habitat”; and (vi) the prevention of illegal stocking. Here, we present the project rationale, major outcomes on demographic and genetic characterization of wild populations, and summary results from conservation actions. The Mediterranean trout (currently referred to as Salmo ghigii for Corsican and Italian-native populations) is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, due to fragmented distribution and declining populations across its whole range, and is included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. The widespread genome introgression from the invasive Atlantic trout (Salmo trutta), overexploitation, and habitat alterations represent major threats to the persistence of native populations. The LIFE18NAT/IT/000931 STREAMS project aims to enhance conservation status of Mediterranean trout in 6 Italian pilot areas (Maiella, Sibillini Mountains, Casentino Forests and Pollino National Parks, Montemarcello-Magra-Vara Regional Park, and Sardinia with five sites of the Natura 2000 Network), and in 19 transferability areas covering almost the whole Italian species range. To achieve this, the following conservation strategies were implemented: (i) the identification of residual native populations; (ii) eradication of entirely Atlantic-exotic populations and removal of hybrids in admixed populations; (iii) restocking/reintroduction of native populations; (iv) monitoring/improving the Mediterranean trout habitats quality; (v) production of the "Guidelines for the conservation and management of native Mediterranean trout and its habitat"; and (vi) the prevention of illegal stocking. Here, we present the project rationale, major outcomes on demographic and genetic characterization of wild populations, and summary results from conservation actions.The Mediterranean trout (currently referred to as Salmo ghigii for Corsican and Italian-native populations) is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, due to fragmented distribution and declining populations across its whole range, and is included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. The widespread genome introgression from the invasive Atlantic trout (Salmo trutta), overexploitation, and habitat alterations represent major threats to the persistence of native populations. The LIFE18NAT/IT/000931 STREAMS project aims to enhance conservation status of Mediterranean trout in 6 Italian pilot areas (Maiella, Sibillini Mountains, Casentino Forests and Pollino National Parks, Montemarcello-Magra-Vara Regional Park, and Sardinia with five sites of the Natura 2000 Network), and in 19 transferability areas covering almost the whole Italian species range. To achieve this, the following conservation strategies were implemented: (i) the identification of residual native populations; (ii) eradication of entirely Atlantic-exotic populations and removal of hybrids in admixed populations; (iii) restocking/reintroduction of native populations; (iv) monitoring/improving the Mediterranean trout habitats quality; (v) production of the "Guidelines for the conservation and management of native Mediterranean trout and its habitat"; and (vi) the prevention of illegal stocking. Here, we present the project rationale, major outcomes on demographic and genetic characterization of wild populations, and summary results from conservation actions. The Mediterranean trout (currently referred to as for Corsican and Italian-native populations) is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, due to fragmented distribution and declining populations across its whole range, and is included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. The widespread genome introgression from the invasive Atlantic trout ( ), overexploitation, and habitat alterations represent major threats to the persistence of native populations. The LIFE18NAT/IT/000931 STREAMS project aims to enhance conservation status of Mediterranean trout in 6 Italian pilot areas (Maiella, Sibillini Mountains, Casentino Forests and Pollino National Parks, Montemarcello-Magra-Vara Regional Park, and Sardinia with five sites of the Natura 2000 Network), and in 19 transferability areas covering almost the whole Italian species range. To achieve this, the following conservation strategies were implemented: (i) the identification of residual native populations; (ii) eradication of entirely Atlantic-exotic populations and removal of hybrids in admixed populations; (iii) restocking/reintroduction of native populations; (iv) monitoring/improving the Mediterranean trout habitats quality; (v) production of the "Guidelines for the conservation and management of native Mediterranean trout and its habitat"; and (vi) the prevention of illegal stocking. Here, we present the project rationale, major outcomes on demographic and genetic characterization of wild populations, and summary results from conservation actions. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Raimondi, Stefano Casula, Paolo Lorenzoni, Massimo Mucci, Nadia Talarico, Lorenzo Serroni, Pietro Morandi, Federico Macchio, Stefano Amprimo, Paola Carosi, Antonella Alberti, Davide Vecchiotti, Antonia D’Antoni, Susanna Carafa, Marco Greco, Claudia Perfetti, Antonio Longobardi, Alessandro Rossetti, Alessandro Mattioli, Diego |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 Servizio Tecnico Forestale, Agenzia Forestale Regionale per lo Sviluppo del Territorio e dell’Ambiente della Sardegna (Forestas), 09033 Cagliari, Italy; pcasula@forestas.it 6 Regione Liguria, Direzione Generale Turismo, Agricoltura e Aree Protette, 16133 Genova, Italy; antonio.perfetti@regione.liguria.it 10 Area Conservazione, Studi e Ricerche, Parco Nazionale del Pollino, 85048 Rotonda, Italy; pietro.serroni@parconazionalepollino.it 4 Ufficio Gestione e Monitoraggio Biodiversità, Parco Nazionale della Maiella, 67039 Sulmona, Italy marco.carafa@parcomajella.it (M.C.) 11 Aree Protette e Biodiversità, Legambiente Onlus, 00118 Rome, Italy; s.raimondi@legambiente.it 8 Servizio Gestione del Territorio e Sviluppo Sostenibile, Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini, 62039 Visso, Italy; rossetti@sibillini.net (A.R.); federico.morandi@sibillini.net (F.M.) 12 Noesis European Development Consulting, 06034 Foligno, Italy; d.mattioli@noesisonline.eu 7 Ente Parco Regionale Montemarcello-Magra-Vara, 19038 Sa |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 10 Area Conservazione, Studi e Ricerche, Parco Nazionale del Pollino, 85048 Rotonda, Italy; pietro.serroni@parconazionalepollino.it – name: 9 Servizio Promozione, Conservazione, Ricerca e Divulgazione della Natura, Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi Monte Falterona e Campigna, 52015 Pratovecchio, Italy; davide.alberti@parcoforestecasentinesi.it – name: 5 Servizio Tecnico Forestale, Agenzia Forestale Regionale per lo Sviluppo del Territorio e dell’Ambiente della Sardegna (Forestas), 09033 Cagliari, Italy; pcasula@forestas.it – name: 8 Servizio Gestione del Territorio e Sviluppo Sostenibile, Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini, 62039 Visso, Italy; rossetti@sibillini.net (A.R.); federico.morandi@sibillini.net (F.M.) – name: 11 Aree Protette e Biodiversità, Legambiente Onlus, 00118 Rome, Italy; s.raimondi@legambiente.it – name: 3 Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; claudia.greco@isprambiente.it (C.G.); susanna.dantoni@isprambiente.it (S.D.); alessandro.longobardi@isprambiente.it (A.L.); stefano.macchio@isprambiente.it (S.M.); nadia.mucci@isprambiente.it (N.M.) – name: 2 Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy – name: 7 Ente Parco Regionale Montemarcello-Magra-Vara, 19038 Sarzana, Italy; p.amprimo@parcomagra.it – name: 1 Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; massimo.lorenzoni@unipg.it – name: 6 Regione Liguria, Direzione Generale Turismo, Agricoltura e Aree Protette, 16133 Genova, Italy; antonio.perfetti@regione.liguria.it – name: 4 Ufficio Gestione e Monitoraggio Biodiversità, Parco Nazionale della Maiella, 67039 Sulmona, Italy marco.carafa@parcomajella.it (M.C.) – name: 12 Noesis European Development Consulting, 06034 Foligno, Italy; d.mattioli@noesisonline.eu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Antonella orcidid: 0000-0003-0513-7287 surname: Carosi fullname: Carosi, Antonella – sequence: 2 givenname: Lorenzo orcidid: 0000-0002-5037-2676 surname: Talarico fullname: Talarico, Lorenzo – sequence: 3 givenname: Claudia orcidid: 0000-0002-8678-0890 surname: Greco fullname: Greco, Claudia – sequence: 4 givenname: Antonia surname: Vecchiotti fullname: Vecchiotti, Antonia – sequence: 5 givenname: Susanna surname: D’Antoni fullname: D’Antoni, Susanna – sequence: 6 givenname: Alessandro surname: Longobardi fullname: Longobardi, Alessandro – sequence: 7 givenname: Stefano surname: Macchio fullname: Macchio, Stefano – sequence: 8 givenname: Marco surname: Carafa fullname: Carafa, Marco – sequence: 9 givenname: Paolo orcidid: 0000-0003-3873-6761 surname: Casula fullname: Casula, Paolo – sequence: 10 givenname: Antonio surname: Perfetti fullname: Perfetti, Antonio – sequence: 11 givenname: Paola surname: Amprimo fullname: Amprimo, Paola – sequence: 12 givenname: Alessandro surname: Rossetti fullname: Rossetti, Alessandro – sequence: 13 givenname: Federico orcidid: 0000-0001-8515-4452 surname: Morandi fullname: Morandi, Federico – sequence: 14 givenname: Davide surname: Alberti fullname: Alberti, Davide – sequence: 15 givenname: Pietro surname: Serroni fullname: Serroni, Pietro – sequence: 16 givenname: Stefano surname: Raimondi fullname: Raimondi, Stefano – sequence: 17 givenname: Diego surname: Mattioli fullname: Mattioli, Diego – sequence: 18 givenname: Nadia orcidid: 0000-0002-7522-7213 surname: Mucci fullname: Mucci, Nadia – sequence: 19 givenname: Massimo orcidid: 0000-0002-8548-9487 surname: Lorenzoni fullname: Lorenzoni, Massimo |
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| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2025 by the authors. 2025 |
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| Issue | 5 |
| Keywords | Mediterranean trout genetic introgression protected areas Italian peninsula fish management biological invasions endangered species conservation |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | The Mediterranean trout (currently referred to as Salmo ghigii for Corsican and Italian-native populations) is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, due... The Mediterranean trout (currently referred to as for Corsican and Italian-native populations) is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, due to fragmented... The Mediterranean trout Salmo ghigii is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. The extensive... The Mediterranean trout Salmo ghigii is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and included in Annex II of the European Habitat Directive. The extensive... |
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| SubjectTerms | Biodiversity biological invasions Climate change Conservation status Data collection endangered species conservation Fishes genetic introgression Habitats Hybrids Interspecific hybridization Italian peninsula Lithology Mediterranean trout National parks Parks & recreation areas Population Population genetics Protected areas Reintroduction Salmo ghigii Salmo trutta Sport fishing Streams Threatened species Trout Wildlife conservation |
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| Title | The LIFE STREAMS Project for the Recovery of the Native Mediterranean Trout in Six Italian Pilot Areas: Planning and Adoption of Conservation Actions |
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