Neutralizing Antibody Levels and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with Breakthrough COVID-19 Infection in Toyama, Japan

Breakthrough infection (BI) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has increased owing to the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological information and possession status of neutralizing antibodies in patients with BI using SARS-CoV-2 pseudo...

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Published inJapanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 76; no. 5; pp. 319 - 322
Main Authors Tani, Hideki, Inasaki, Noriko, Yazawa, Shunsuke, Shimada, Takahisa, Saga, Yumiko, Kaya, Hiroyasu, Maruyama, Yumiko, Matano, Sadaya, Itoh, Hiroyuki, Kashii, Tatsuhiko, Yamazaki, Emiko, Itamochi, Masae, Oishi, Kazunori
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Tokyo National Institute of Infectious Diseases 30.09.2023
Japan Science and Technology Agency
Subjects
Antibodies
breakthrough infection
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
epidemiological information
Epidemiology
immunocompromised patient
Neutralizing
pseudotyped virus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
Viral diseases
Viruses
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Abstract Breakthrough infection (BI) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has increased owing to the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological information and possession status of neutralizing antibodies in patients with BI using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses. Analysis of 44 specimens from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after two or more vaccinations showed high inhibition of infection by 90% or more against the Wuhan strain and the Alpha and Delta variants of pseudotyped viruses in 40 specimens. In contrast, almost no neutralizing activity was observed against the Omicron BA.1 variant. Many patients without neutralizing activity or BI were immunosuppressed. The results of this study show that contact with an infected person can result in BI, even when there are sufficient neutralizing antibodies in the blood. Thus, sufficient precautions must be taken to prevent infection even after vaccination.
AbstractList Breakthrough infection (BI) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has increased owing to the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological information and possession status of neutralizing antibodies in patients with BI using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses. Analysis of 44 specimens from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after two or more vaccinations showed high inhibition of infection by 90% or more against the Wuhan strain and the Alpha and Delta variants of pseudotyped viruses in 40 specimens. In contrast, almost no neutralizing activity was observed against the Omicron BA.1 variant. Many patients without neutralizing activity or BI were immunosuppressed. The results of this study show that contact with an infected person can result in BI, even when there are sufficient neutralizing antibodies in the blood. Thus, sufficient precautions must be taken to prevent infection even after vaccination.Breakthrough infection (BI) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has increased owing to the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological information and possession status of neutralizing antibodies in patients with BI using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses. Analysis of 44 specimens from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after two or more vaccinations showed high inhibition of infection by 90% or more against the Wuhan strain and the Alpha and Delta variants of pseudotyped viruses in 40 specimens. In contrast, almost no neutralizing activity was observed against the Omicron BA.1 variant. Many patients without neutralizing activity or BI were immunosuppressed. The results of this study show that contact with an infected person can result in BI, even when there are sufficient neutralizing antibodies in the blood. Thus, sufficient precautions must be taken to prevent infection even after vaccination.
Breakthrough infection (BI) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has increased owing to the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological information and possession status of neutralizing antibodies in patients with BI using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses. Analysis of 44 specimens from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after two or more vaccinations showed high inhibition of infection by 90% or more against the Wuhan strain and the Alpha and Delta variants of pseudotyped viruses in 40 specimens. In contrast, almost no neutralizing activity was observed against the Omicron BA.1 variant. Many patients without neutralizing activity or BI were immunosuppressed. The results of this study show that contact with an infected person can result in BI, even when there are sufficient neutralizing antibodies in the blood. Thus, sufficient precautions must be taken to prevent infection even after vaccination.
ArticleNumber JJID.2023.100
Author Oishi, Kazunori
Saga, Yumiko
Itamochi, Masae
Itoh, Hiroyuki
Kashii, Tatsuhiko
Yamazaki, Emiko
Kaya, Hiroyasu
Shimada, Takahisa
Matano, Sadaya
Yazawa, Shunsuke
Inasaki, Noriko
Maruyama, Yumiko
Tani, Hideki
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  fullname: Tani, Hideki
  organization: Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
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  fullname: Inasaki, Noriko
  organization: Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
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  fullname: Yazawa, Shunsuke
  organization: Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
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  fullname: Shimada, Takahisa
  organization: Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
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  fullname: Saga, Yumiko
  organization: Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
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  fullname: Kaya, Hiroyasu
  organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan
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  fullname: Maruyama, Yumiko
  organization: Department of Otolaryngology, Kurobe City Hospital, Japan
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  fullname: Matano, Sadaya
  organization: Infection Control Unit, Tonami General Hospital, Japan
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  fullname: Itoh, Hiroyuki
  organization: Takaoka City Hospital, Japan
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  fullname: Kashii, Tatsuhiko
  organization: Toyama Rosai Hospital, Japan
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  fullname: Yamazaki, Emiko
  organization: Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
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  fullname: Itamochi, Masae
  organization: Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
– sequence: 13
  fullname: Oishi, Kazunori
  organization: Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
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10.7150/ijbs.68973
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  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.015
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Snippet Breakthrough infection (BI) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has increased owing to the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this...
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SubjectTerms Antibodies
breakthrough infection
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
epidemiological information
Epidemiology
immunocompromised patient
Neutralizing
pseudotyped virus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
Viral diseases
Viruses
Title Neutralizing Antibody Levels and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with Breakthrough COVID-19 Infection in Toyama, Japan
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