Pilot-Scale Assessment of a Novel Farrowing Creep Area Supplementary Heat Source

Pre-weaning morality (PWM) is attributed to a poor creep area microclimate and causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. Piglets need supplementary heat to overcome a high surface area to body weight ratio and minimal thermoregulation. A pilot-scale study was conducted...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inAnimals (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 11; p. 996
Main Authors Smith, Benjamin C, Ramirez, Brett C, Hoff, Steven J, Greiner, Laura L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 19.11.2019
MDPI
Subjects
Animal young
Body weight
Care and treatment
Cold
Electricity
Energy conservation
Environmental aspects
Evaluation
Flooring
Heat
heat lamp
Hogs
Lamps
Livestock industry
Microclimate
Microclimates
Morality
Novels
piglet
Pork industry
pre-weaning mortality
Production management
Productivity
Sensors
Statistical analysis
Swine
Temperature
thermal environment
Thermoregulation
Weaning
United States
United States > US
Iowa
thermal environment
microclimate
piglet
pre-weaning mortality
heat lamp
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Pre-weaning morality (PWM) is attributed to a poor creep area microclimate and causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. Piglets need supplementary heat to overcome a high surface area to body weight ratio and minimal thermoregulation. A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate a semi-enclosed heated microclimate (SEHM) as a supplementary heat source for farrowing creep areas over six farrowing cycles (from January to July 2019) in two rooms with 24 farrowing stalls in each room. Six SEHMs (each SEHM covers two stalls) were randomly distributed to each room and compared to heat lamps (HLs) for productivity and electricity usage. Data from 113 (SEHM) and 101 litters (HL) showed no significant difference between treatments in average daily gain ( = 0.26), 252.4 ± 8.0 g hd d (SEHM) and 260.3 ± 8.1 g hd d (HL) and PWM ( = 0.08), 9.67% ± 0.82% (SEHM) and 12.04% ± 0.87% (HL). However, a significant difference ( = 0.02) was noted in the PWM attributed to over-lay mortalities, 4.05% ± 0.76% (SEHM) compared to 6.04% ± 0.78% (HL). The SEHM electricity averaged 3.25 kWh d (2.91, 3.59 kWh d ; 95% CI), which was significantly different ( < 0.01) from the HL equivalent (125 W bulb; 6 kWh d ).
AbstractList Simple SummaryPre-weaning mortality (PWM) causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. This pilot-scale study evaluated a novel semi-enclosed heated microclimate (SEHM) as a supplementary heat source for farrowing creep areas. Six farrowing cycles (from January to July 2019) were studied in two rooms with 24 farrowing stalls per room. Six SEHMs (each SEHM covers two stalls) were randomly distributed in each room and compared to heat lamps (HLs) for productivity and electricity usage. Data were collected on 113 (SEHM) and 101 litters (HL), and there was no statistically significant difference for average daily gain and weaning weight. There was a tendency for significance of PWM (p = 0.08). A significant difference (p = 0.02) was noted in the PWM attributed to over-lay mortalities, SEHM = 4.05% (± 0.76%) compared to HL = 6.04% (± 0.78%). The SEHM averaged 3.25 kWh d−1 (2.91, 3.59 kWh d−1; 95% CI), which was significantly different (p < 0.01) from the HL equivalent with 125 W bulbs (6 kWh d−1). Based on only electrical savings, payback was estimated at 74 farrowing cycles, or at 12 cycles y−1, 6.1 years. The SEHM demonstrated promising pilot-scale results for increasing productivity and decreasing electricity usage compared to conventional HLs.AbstractPre-weaning morality (PWM) is attributed to a poor creep area microclimate and causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. Piglets need supplementary heat to overcome a high surface area to body weight ratio and minimal thermoregulation. A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate a semi-enclosed heated microclimate (SEHM) as a supplementary heat source for farrowing creep areas over six farrowing cycles (from January to July 2019) in two rooms with 24 farrowing stalls in each room. Six SEHMs (each SEHM covers two stalls) were randomly distributed to each room and compared to heat lamps (HLs) for productivity and electricity usage. Data from 113 (SEHM) and 101 litters (HL) showed no significant difference between treatments in average daily gain (p = 0.26), 252.4 ± 8.0 g hd−1 d−1 (SEHM) and 260.3 ± 8.1 g hd−1 d−1 (HL) and PWM (p = 0.08), 9.67% ± 0.82% (SEHM) and 12.04% ± 0.87% (HL). However, a significant difference (p = 0.02) was noted in the PWM attributed to over-lay mortalities, 4.05% ± 0.76% (SEHM) compared to 6.04% ± 0.78% (HL). The SEHM electricity averaged 3.25 kWh d−1 (2.91, 3.59 kWh d−1; 95% CI), which was significantly different (p < 0.01) from the HL equivalent (125 W bulb; 6 kWh d−1).
Pre-weaning morality (PWM) is attributed to a poor creep area microclimate and causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. Piglets need supplementary heat to overcome a high surface area to body weight ratio and minimal thermoregulation. A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate a semi-enclosed heated microclimate (SEHM) as a supplementary heat source for farrowing creep areas over six farrowing cycles (from January to July 2019) in two rooms with 24 farrowing stalls in each room. Six SEHMs (each SEHM covers two stalls) were randomly distributed to each room and compared to heat lamps (HLs) for productivity and electricity usage. Data from 113 (SEHM) and 101 litters (HL) showed no significant difference between treatments in average daily gain (p = 0.26), 252.4 ± 8.0 g hd−1 d−1 (SEHM) and 260.3 ± 8.1 g hd−1 d−1 (HL) and PWM (p = 0.08), 9.67% ± 0.82% (SEHM) and 12.04% ± 0.87% (HL). However, a significant difference (p = 0.02) was noted in the PWM attributed to over-lay mortalities, 4.05% ± 0.76% (SEHM) compared to 6.04% ± 0.78% (HL). The SEHM electricity averaged 3.25 kWh d−1 (2.91, 3.59 kWh d−1; 95% CI), which was significantly different (p < 0.01) from the HL equivalent (125 W bulb; 6 kWh d−1).
Simple Summary: Pre-weaning mortality (PWM) causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. This pilot-scale study evaluated a novel semi-enclosed heated microclimate (SEHM) as a supplementary heat source for farrowing creep areas. Six farrowing cycles (from January to July 2019) were studied in two rooms with 24 farrowing stalls per room. Six SEHMs (each SEHM covers two stalls) were randomly distributed in each room and compared to heat lamps (HLs) for productivity and electricity usage. Data were collected on 113 (SEHM) and 101 litters (HL), and there was no statistically significant difference for average daily gain and weaning weight. There was a tendency for significance of PWM (p = 0.08). A significant difference (p = 0.02) was noted in the PWM attributed to over-lay mortalities, SEHM = 4.05% ([+ or -] 0.76%) compared to HL = 6.04% ([+ or -] 0.78%). The SEHM averaged 3.25 kWh [d.sup.-1] (2.91, 3.59 kWh [d.sup.-1]; 95% CI), which was significantly different (p < 0.01) from the HL equivalent with 125 W bulbs (6 kWh [d.sup.-1]). Based on only electrical savings, payback was estimated at 74 farrowing cycles, or at 12 cycles [y.sup.-1], 6.1 years. The SEHM demonstrated promising pilot-scale results for increasing productivity and decreasing electricity usage compared to conventional HLs. Pre-weaning morality (PWM) is attributed to a poor creep area microclimate and causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. Piglets need supplementary heat to overcome a high surface area to body weight ratio and minimal thermoregulation. A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate a semi-enclosed heated microclimate (SEHM) as a supplementary heat source for farrowing creep areas over six farrowing cycles (from January to July 2019) in two rooms with 24 farrowing stalls in each room. Six SEHMs (each SEHM covers two stalls) were randomly distributed to each room and compared to heat lamps (HLs) for productivity and electricity usage. Data from 113 (SEHM) and 101 litters (HL) showed no significant difference between treatments in average daily gain (p = 0.26), 252.4 [+ or -] 8.0 g [hd.sup.-1] [d.sup.-1] (SEHM) and 260.3 [+ or -] 8.1 g [hd.sup.-1] [d.sup.-1] (HL) and PWM (p = 0.08), 9.67% [+ or -] 0.82% (SEHM) and 12.04% [+ or -] 0.87% (HL). However, a significant difference (p = 0.02) was noted in the PWM attributed to over-lay mortalities, 4.05% [+ or -] 0.76% (SEHM) compared to 6.04% [+ or -] 0.78% (HL). The SEHM electricity averaged 3.25 kWh [d.sup.-1] (2.91, 3.59 kWh [d.sup.-1]; 95% CI), which was significantly different (p < 0.01) from the HL equivalent (125 W bulb; 6 kWh [d.sup.-1]). Keywords: pre-weaning mortality; piglet; microclimate; thermal environment; heat lamp
Pre-weaning morality (PWM) is attributed to a poor creep area microclimate and causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. Piglets need supplementary heat to overcome a high surface area to body weight ratio and minimal thermoregulation. A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate a semi-enclosed heated microclimate (SEHM) as a supplementary heat source for farrowing creep areas over six farrowing cycles (from January to July 2019) in two rooms with 24 farrowing stalls in each room. Six SEHMs (each SEHM covers two stalls) were randomly distributed to each room and compared to heat lamps (HLs) for productivity and electricity usage. Data from 113 (SEHM) and 101 litters (HL) showed no significant difference between treatments in average daily gain ( = 0.26), 252.4 ± 8.0 g hd d (SEHM) and 260.3 ± 8.1 g hd d (HL) and PWM ( = 0.08), 9.67% ± 0.82% (SEHM) and 12.04% ± 0.87% (HL). However, a significant difference ( = 0.02) was noted in the PWM attributed to over-lay mortalities, 4.05% ± 0.76% (SEHM) compared to 6.04% ± 0.78% (HL). The SEHM electricity averaged 3.25 kWh d (2.91, 3.59 kWh d ; 95% CI), which was significantly different ( < 0.01) from the HL equivalent (125 W bulb; 6 kWh d ).
Audience Academic
Author Smith, Benjamin C
Hoff, Steven J
Greiner, Laura L
Ramirez, Brett C
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; greinerl@iastate.edu
1 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; bcsmith1@iastate.edu (B.C.S.); hoffer@iastate.edu (S.J.H.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; bcsmith1@iastate.edu (B.C.S.); hoffer@iastate.edu (S.J.H.)
– name: 2 Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; greinerl@iastate.edu
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Benjamin C
  surname: Smith
  fullname: Smith, Benjamin C
  organization: Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Brett C
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3205-9723
  surname: Ramirez
  fullname: Ramirez, Brett C
  organization: Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Steven J
  surname: Hoff
  fullname: Hoff, Steven J
  organization: Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Laura L
  surname: Greiner
  fullname: Greiner, Laura L
  organization: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31752265$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpdUlFvFCEQ3pgaW2tf_AGGxJfGZCvDAnu8mFwu1jZptMnpMwF2OLnsLivs1fjv5bxaW-GByfDNx8zH97I6GuOIVfUa6EXTKPrejEEBUKXks-qE0VbWTII4ehQfV2c5b2lZrWhAwIvquIFWMCbFSXV7G_o412tneiTLnDHnAceZRE8M-RzvsCeXJqX4M4wbskqIE1kmNGS9m6Ye91CTfpErNDNZx11y-Kp67k2f8ez-PK2-XX78urqqb758ul4tb2onAOa6McJK4UrbQjEQne8E0o7bFrjgVFgHDffggS6Yl1YpQzsLbNGKTqGnSjan1fWBt4tmq6cUhtKIjiboP4mYNtqkObgedaeMUFZwJZTjnjPLLceGI1JrhQAsXB8OXNPODti5MlUy_RPSpzdj-K438U5LBYyzphCc3xOk-GOHedZDyA773owYd1mzveBKSlAF-vY_6LboNhapNBO8iEHpYj_dxQG1Kf-iw-hjedeV3eEQXHGADyW_lNBKBtDyUvDuUOBSzDmhf-geqN4bRf8zSgG_eTzvA_SvLZrfC8S4jA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1093_jas_skac142
crossref_primary_10_3390_agriengineering3040048
crossref_primary_10_1111_rda_14400
crossref_primary_10_3389_fanim_2021_694299
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_animal_2022_100534
Cites_doi 10.1109/MCSE.2007.53
10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0303
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2018.08.002
10.13031/trans.13015
10.2527/jas1970.313576x
10.31274/ans_air-180814-1213
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2019 MDPI AG
2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2019 by the authors. 2019
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2019 MDPI AG
– notice: 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2019 by the authors. 2019
DBID NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3390/ani9110996
DatabaseName PubMed
CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database

CrossRef

PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Zoology
EISSN 2076-2615
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_d9a59b54959c4f42b4b4e34ee0bb551e
A617621174
10_3390_ani9110996
31752265
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations United States
United States--US
Iowa
GeographicLocations_xml – name: United States
– name: Iowa
– name: United States--US
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Center for Industrial Research and Service (CIRAS) and FarrPro Inc.
  grantid: N/A
GroupedDBID 5VS
7XC
8FE
8FH
AAFWJ
ABDBF
AFKRA
AFPKN
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
APEBS
ATCPS
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DIK
EAD
EAP
EPL
ESX
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
HYE
IAO
ISR
ITC
LK8
M0K
M48
M7P
MODMG
M~E
NPM
OK1
PATMY
PIMPY
PROAC
PYCSY
RPM
TUS
ZBA
AAHBH
AAYXX
CITATION
PGMZT
ABUWG
AZQEC
DWQXO
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
OZF
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-3a5b65c99659215dfd5e0d4b7145405bc134f1f1082f6b99a0db12875d9ef0963
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 2076-2615
IngestDate Thu Jul 04 21:11:06 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 21:01:56 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 16 03:08:39 EDT 2024
Fri Sep 13 07:59:28 EDT 2024
Fri Feb 02 04:30:43 EST 2024
Fri Aug 23 04:52:37 EDT 2024
Thu May 23 23:47:54 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 11
Keywords thermal environment
microclimate
piglet
pre-weaning mortality
heat lamp
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c511t-3a5b65c99659215dfd5e0d4b7145405bc134f1f1082f6b99a0db12875d9ef0963
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-3205-9723
0000-0003-3299-3628
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6912423/
PMID 31752265
PQID 2545920086
PQPubID 2032438
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_d9a59b54959c4f42b4b4e34ee0bb551e
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6912423
proquest_miscellaneous_2317596619
proquest_journals_2545920086
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A617621174
crossref_primary_10_3390_ani9110996
pubmed_primary_31752265
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20191119
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-11-19
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2019
  text: 20191119
  day: 19
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Animals (Basel)
PublicationTitleAlternate Animals (Basel)
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References ref_14
ref_12
ref_11
Hayes (ref_13) 2014; 302
Curtis (ref_4) 1970; 31
ref_1
Granger (ref_10) 2007; 9
ref_3
ref_2
Milan (ref_8) 2019; 62
ref_15
Ramirez (ref_9) 2018; 174
Morello (ref_16) 2018; 75
Hoff (ref_5) 1993; 36
ref_7
ref_6
References_xml – volume: 9
  start-page: 21
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: IPython: A System for Interactive Scientific Computing
  publication-title: Comput. Sci. Eng.
  doi: 10.1109/MCSE.2007.53
  contributor:
    fullname: Granger
– ident: ref_6
– ident: ref_3
– ident: ref_2
– volume: 75
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Microenvironments in swine farrowing rooms: the thermal, lighting, and acoustic environments of sows and piglets
  publication-title: Sci. Agricola
  doi: 10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0303
  contributor:
    fullname: Morello
– volume: 302
  start-page: 259
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Electricity and fuel use af aviary-laying hen houses in the Midwestern United States
  publication-title: Appl. Eng. Agric.
  contributor:
    fullname: Hayes
– ident: ref_12
– ident: ref_11
– ident: ref_15
– volume: 174
  start-page: 329
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: Thermal environment sensor array: Part I. Development and field performance assessment
  publication-title: Biosyst. Eng.
  doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2018.08.002
  contributor:
    fullname: Ramirez
– ident: ref_14
– volume: 62
  start-page: 321
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Prediction of Optimum Supplemental Heat for Piglets
  publication-title: Trans. ASABE
  doi: 10.13031/trans.13015
  contributor:
    fullname: Milan
– ident: ref_1
– volume: 31
  start-page: 576
  year: 1970
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Environmental—Thermoregulatory Interactions and Neonatal Piglet Survival
  publication-title: J. Anim. Sci.
  doi: 10.2527/jas1970.313576x
  contributor:
    fullname: Curtis
– volume: 36
  start-page: 8
  year: 1993
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: Defining the Newborn Piglet’s Thermal Environment with an Effective Environmental Temperature
  publication-title: Trans. ASAE
  contributor:
    fullname: Hoff
– ident: ref_7
  doi: 10.31274/ans_air-180814-1213
SSID ssj0000753151
Score 2.2232904
Snippet Pre-weaning morality (PWM) is attributed to a poor creep area microclimate and causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. Piglets...
Simple Summary: Pre-weaning mortality (PWM) causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. This pilot-scale study evaluated a novel...
Simple SummaryPre-weaning mortality (PWM) causes major economic and productivity losses for the US swine industry. This pilot-scale study evaluated a novel...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 996
SubjectTerms Animal young
Body weight
Care and treatment
Cold
Electricity
Energy conservation
Environmental aspects
Evaluation
Flooring
Heat
heat lamp
Hogs
Lamps
Livestock industry
Microclimate
Microclimates
Morality
Novels
piglet
Pork industry
pre-weaning mortality
Production management
Productivity
Sensors
Statistical analysis
Swine
Temperature
thermal environment
Thermoregulation
Weaning
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1dSxwxFL0UodCXUvthp7UlUqFPg5udJGMet1JZCoqggvgS8nFDt8iMbNeC_743ybidpQ---DoJQ-bcJOeeSXICsO-nOnrPZa0mra8F974-DLKtrQ2oheYo80L7yamaX4ofV_JqdNVX2hNW7IELcAdBW6kdqRipvYhi6oQT2AjEiXPE9phnXy5HYupXWZ5riMuKH2lDuv7Adgud3DWTO_-IgbJR___T8YiPNvdKjsjn-BW8HLJGNiut3YZn2L2G59d9_if-Bs7OFjf9qj4nvJHN1l6brI_MstP-D96wYrZIPMWOloi39Cq0LF_pWbaPL-_ZnKZldp5_5r-Fy-PvF0fzergqofaUMa3qxkqnpNfJHpBIPMQgcRKEa3ly2JPO80ZEHjkRflROazsJjpiplUFjJBXTvIOtru_wPTBNTw4VQR05ChWia0VEkj3SuqnycVrBlwf4zG1xxDCkJBLI5h_IFXxLyK5rJBfr_IBia4bYmsdiW8HXFBeTxhqB7-1wZIAamlyrzIzSL0XRb0UFuw-hM8Mg_G1I-xIaSbRVsLcupuGT1kRsh_0d1Un5E0k-rivYKZFetzkVUXYqK2g3-sDGR22WdIuf2aJbaZ4S1Q9PgcJHeEFZmk4HILneha3V8g4_USa0cp9zp_8L_98HmQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3da9swED-6lsFeRvftrhsaG-zJJLIluXoqaWkJg4WwrlD2YvTZBYqdpe5g__3ubMdNKPTVErasu9P97k76CeCLy3R0jstUjQuXCu5ceuRlkRrjgxaaB9kW2r_P1PRSfLuSVzswXZ-FoW2V6zWxXah97ShHPsJARmoq1quRsZQFcM3oePknpfujqM7aX6bxBPYyLqhgu3dyNpv_GPIt6Bpz9G4dQ2mOkf7IVAtNfJvE17_hk1rq_ocL9IaH2t49ueGOzvfheY8j2aQT_AvYCdVLePqrbrPkr2A-X9zUTXqBEghsMrBvsjoyw2b133DDOvpF9FzsdBXCEl8VDGsv-ew2lK_-sSku1OyiTe-_hsvzs5-n07S_PCF1iKGaNDfSKuk0EQaiW_fRyzD2whacOPekdTwXkUeOECAqq7UZe4u-qpBeh4hxTf4Gdqu6Cu-AaXxypETE_kEoH20hYsBASBqbKRezBD6vp69cdhwZJcYWNMnl_SQncEIzO_QgXuv2Qb26LnszKb02UluMWaV2-MHMCitCLkIYW4vYLiTwleRSkvWRDpj-EAEOlHisygkCMoUxbSESOFyLruzN8ra8V6IEPg3NaFBUJTFVqO-wDyEqDAK5TuBtJ-lhzNSEeFUmUGzpwNZPbbdUi98tabfSnKDrwePDeg_PEJFpOuzI9SHsNqu78AFRT2M_9gr9H5aIA7M
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Scholars Portal Open Access Journals
  dbid: M48
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Nb9QwEB2VIiQuiG8CBRmBxCmwTmynPiC0VFQrpFaVykoVF8sf47JolbTpFtF_zzjJLg1w5Bo7X89jz3tx_Azw2hc6es9lriaVzwX3Pt8NssqtDaiF5ii7ifaDQzWbi88n8mQL1vt3DgBe_FPapf2k5u3y7c_zqw_U4d8nxUmS_Z2tFzoZZ2p1A24WohQp0g8Gmv-9n6wrKbP17qR_nDLKR51t_9-D87XsNP5z8loq2r8LdwYOyaZ9o9-DLazvw62vTfeF_AEcHS2WzSo_JvSRTTfOm6yJzLLD5gcuWW-9SFmL7bWIZ3QptKzb4LP_mby9YjMapNlx92n_Icz3P33Zm-XDxgm5J_60yksrnZJeJ7NASukhBomTIFzFk9-edJ6XIvLIKf1H5bS2k-AoT1UyaIykacpHsF03NT4BpunIrhKR6qNQIbpKRCQRJK0rlI9FBq_W8Jmz3h_DkK5IIJvfIGfwMSG7qZE8rbsDTXtqhi5igrZSO9KrUnu6YeGEE1gKxIlzxOswgzepXUyKBQLf22EBAT1o8rAyUyJjivRsJTLYWTedWUeUISVMaCQJl8HLTTF1pjRDYmtsLqlOYlMkALnO4HHf0ptnTkXEVWUG1SgGRi81LqkX3zrDbqV5oq1P_wcKz-A2cTadlkNyvQPbq_YSnxMvWrkXXdD_ApC7DeY
  priority: 102
  providerName: Scholars Portal
Title Pilot-Scale Assessment of a Novel Farrowing Creep Area Supplementary Heat Source
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31752265
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2545920086/abstract/
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2317596619
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6912423
https://doaj.org/article/d9a59b54959c4f42b4b4e34ee0bb551e
Volume 9
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3Pa9swFH60HYNdRtf98tYFjQ12chPFkh0d09ASCglhXaHsYiT5qctI7ZClg_33e5LtNGa3XXywZVt-evL3PunpE8BnO1TOWi7jdJDZWHBr41Ehs1jrApVQHGWYaJ_N0-mNuLqVtwcg27UwIWnfmuVZubo_K5c_Qm7l-t722zyx_mI2SRX3YUD_EA6zJNmj6D_rmbmEYKyWIk2I0vd1uVReWFP5_Yo8XlLIITs4FOT6__0p76FSN2NyD4Iuj-F5EzuycV3HF3CA5Qk8_V6FkfGXsFgsV9U2viarIxvvFDdZ5Zhm8-o3rlgtuUhoxSYbxDU9CjULG3vWSeSbP2xKP2d2HYb0X8HN5cW3yTRuNkyILcVN2zjR0qTSKi8SSFBeuELioBAm415nTxrLE-G44wT7LjVK6UFhCJ8yWSh0xGWS13BUViW-BabozCgVjsqjSAtnMuGQyI_UZphaN4zgU2u-fF3rYuTEJ7y980d7R3DuLbsr4bWsw4lqc5c3LZoXSktliKdKZemFQyOMwEQgDoyheA4j-OLbJfc9joxvdbNwgCrqtavyMQVhKfHYTERw2jZd3nTFXzkxYLKGp24RfNxdpk7kZ0Z0idUDlfFeQcSPqwje1C29q3PrMBFkHR_ofFT3CvltEOpu_PTdf9_5Hp5RgKb82keuTuFou3nADxQEbU0PnpxfzBdfe2EQgY4zMeqFjvAX7l4K7A
link.rule.ids 230,315,733,786,790,870,891,2115,2236,21416,24346,27957,27958,33779,33780,43840,53827,53829,74659
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1db9MwFL2CTgheJj5HYIARSDxFqxvbmZ9QN20qsFUV26SJF8sf11BpSkrXTeLfc52kXSskXmMrda8_zjnXzjHARz_Q0Xsuc9UvfS649_l-kGVubUAtNEfZbLSfjtXoQny9lJddwu26O1a5XBObhTrUPuXI90jISJ0269Xn2e883RqVdle7KzTuw5YoSKr0YOvgaDz5vsqyECAWhGmtL2lB-n7PVlOdXDaTS_8aEjWG_f8uy2u4tHlmcg2Ejh_Ddsce2bDt7idwD6un8OBH3eTGn8FkMr2qF_kZxR3ZcOW5yerILBvXt3jFWtNFwit2OEec0avQsuZqz_YY-fwPG9HyzM6apP5zuDg-Oj8c5d2VCbkn5rTICyudkl4nm0AC8xCDxH4QruTJaU86zwsReeQE_FE5rW0_OEKoUgaNkdRM8QJ6VV3hS2CanuwrEak-ChWiK0VEkj_SuoHycZDBh2X4zKx1xjCkKFKQzV2QMzhIkV3VSG7WzYN6_tN0k8MEbaV2pFSl9vSDAyecwEIg9p0jRocZfEr9YtKco-B72306QA1N7lVmSDRMkZItRQa7y64z3WS8NndDJ4P3q2KaRmlvxFZY31CdxKNI-nGdwU7b06s2pyJiqTKDcmMMbPypzZJq-qux6laaJ8L66v_NegcPR-enJ-bky_jba3hEnEynzx253oXeYn6Db4j3LNzbbnD_BZGNAuY
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3da9swED-2lo29lH123rpNY4M9mUSxJFdPJf0I2VcI6wplL0KfW6DYWZoW9t_3ZCtuQmGvlrDlu5Pud6fTTwAf7UAGaynPRb-0OaPW5vuOl7nWzksmqefNRvv3iRifsS_n_DzVP12mssrVmtgs1K62MUfew0CGy7hZL3ohlUVMj0cH8795vEEq7rSm6zTuw3bJBEcL3z48mUx_dBkXdI4F-reWo7TAWL-nq5mMjJuRsX_NKzXk_XeX6DUftVk_ueaQRo9hJyFJMmxV_wTu-eopPPhVN3nyZzCdzi7qZX6KOvBk2PFvkjoQTSb1tb8gLQEj-i5ytPB-jq_ymjTXfLYl5Yt_ZIxLNTltEvzP4Wx08vNonKfrE3KLKGqZF5obwa2MlIHo2F1w3PcdMyWNrHvcWFqwQANFEBCEkVL3nUFvVXInfcDIpngBW1Vd-ZdAJD7ZFyxgf8-EC6ZkwWMoxLUZCBsGGXxYiU_NW5YMhdFFFLK6FXIGh1GyXY_IbN08qBe_VZooyknNpcGolUuLHxwYZpgvmPd9YxDd-Qw-Rb2oOP9Q-FanYwQ40MhkpYYIyQRGtSXLYG-lOpUm5qW6NaMM3nfNOKXiPomufH2FfSKmwjCQygx2W013Y45NiFh5BuWGDWz81GZLNfvT0HYLSSN4ffX_Yb2Dh2jX6tvnydfX8AjhmYwnH6ncg63l4sq_QQi0NG-Tbd8Auq0HIw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pilot-Scale+Assessment+of+a+Novel+Farrowing+Creep+Area+Supplementary+Heat+Source&rft.jtitle=Animals+%28Basel%29&rft.au=Benjamin+C.+Smith&rft.au=Brett+C.+Ramirez&rft.au=Steven+J.+Hoff&rft.au=Laura+L.+Greiner&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2076-2615&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=996&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fani9110996&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_d9a59b54959c4f42b4b4e34ee0bb551e
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2076-2615&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2076-2615&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2076-2615&client=summon