Adaptation of restoration target with climate change: the case of a coastal peatland
As a rise in sea level is expected with climate change, peat-extracted peatlands located in coastal zones are more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion. Seawater contamination may prevent revegetation of typical bog species (e.g., Sphagnum, ericaceous shrubs) generally intolerant to saline conditions....
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| Published in | Botany Vol. 98; no. 8; pp. 439 - 448 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
1840 Woodward Drive, Suite 1, Ottawa, ON K2C 0P7
NRC Research Press
01.08.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1916-2790 1916-2804 1916-2804 |
| DOI | 10.1139/cjb-2020-0050 |
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| Abstract | As a rise in sea level is expected with climate change, peat-extracted peatlands located in coastal zones are more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion. Seawater contamination may prevent revegetation of typical bog species (e.g., Sphagnum, ericaceous shrubs) generally intolerant to saline conditions. Spontaneous revegetation was studied in a 27-year post-extracted bog that has been contaminated with seawater in New Brunswick (Eastern Canada). This study aimed (i) to evaluate spontaneous plant regeneration on saline but still acidic, organic soil; and (ii) to relate the recolonized vegetation patterns to the main environmental conditions. Of the seven plant communities found in the sea-contaminated bog, none were typical of bogs, and Sphagnum mosses were poorly represented. Plants communities and chemical properties were rather representative of salt marsh ecosystems (i.e., Carex paleacea, Sporobolus michauxianus, Empetrum nigrum, Myrica gale; neutral pH and nutrient-rich, namely P, Mg, and NH
4
+
). Areas with low levels of spontaneous revegetation were associated with harsh chemical conditions (i.e., acid pH, high electrical conductivity, and nutrient-poor). Considering the aggravating factors that will persist with climate change, restoration of coastal bogs contaminated with seawater should aim to re-establish salt marsh ecosystems, given that spontaneous revegetation patterns and chemical conditions clearly do not allow the establishment of bog plant communities. |
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| AbstractList | As a rise in sea level is expected with climate change, peat-extracted peatlands located in coastal zones are more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion. Seawater contamination may prevent revegetation of typical bog species (e.g., Sphagnum, ericaceous shrubs) generally intolerant to saline conditions. Spontaneous revegetation was studied in a 27-year post-extracted bog that has been contaminated with seawater in New Brunswick (Eastern Canada). This study aimed (i) to evaluate spontaneous plant regeneration on saline but still acidic, organic soil; and (ii) to relate the recolonized vegetation patterns to the main environmental conditions. Of the seven plant communities found in the sea-contaminated bog, none were typical of bogs, and Sphagnum mosses were poorly represented. Plants communities and chemical properties were rather representative of salt marsh ecosystems (i.e., Carex paleacea, Sporobolus michauxianus, Empetrum nigrum, Myrica gale; neutral pH and nutrient-rich, namely P, Mg, and N[H.sup.+.sub.4]). Areas with low levels of spontaneous revegetation were associated with harsh chemical conditions (i.e., acid pH, high electrical conductivity, and nutrient-poor). Considering the aggravating factors that will persist with climate change, restoration of coastal bogs contaminated with seawater should aim to re-establish salt marsh ecosystems, given that spontaneous revegetation patterns and chemical conditions clearly do not allow the establishment of bog plant communities. Key words: peatland restoration, salt marsh, climate change, seawater contamination, spontaneous revegetation. Avec la montee du niveau des mers prevue avec les changements climatiques, les tourbieres extraites en zone cotiere sont vulnerables a l'intrusion d'eau salee. La contamination par l'eau salee peut nuire a la recolonisation par les plantes typiques des bogs (p. ex. : sphaignes, ericacees) generalement intolerantes aux conditions salines. La recolonisation vegetale spontanee a ete etudiee dans un bog ou les activites d'extraction de la tourbe ont cesse 27 ans auparavant et qui a ete contamine par l'eau de mer a travers le temps, au Nouveau-Brunswick (Est du Canada). Cette etude visait (i) a evaluer la regeneration vegetale sur des sols organiques sales, mais toujours acides; et (ii) a etablir un lien entre la recolonisation des plantes et les conditions environnementales, notamment les proprietes chimiques du sol. Des sept communautes de plantes retrouvees dans la tourbiere contaminee par l'eau de mer, aucune n'etait typique des bogs et les sphaignes y etaient peu presentes. Les communautes vegetales et les proprietes chimiques etaient plutot representatives d'un ecosysteme de marais sale (c.-a-d., Carex paleacea, Sporobolus michauxianus, Myrica gale; pH neutre et riche en elements nutritifs, notamment P, Mg et N[H.sup.+.sub.4]). Une faible recolonisation spontanee etait associee avec des conditions chimiques arides (c.-a-d., pH acide, conductivite electrique elevee, faible contenu en elements nutritifs). Considerant les facteurs aggravants qui persisteront avec les changements climatiques, la restauration des tourbieres cotieres contaminees par l'eau salee comme mesure de gestion adaptative devrait viser a retablir un marais sale, puisque la vegetalisation spontanee et les conditions chimiques ne permettent manifestement pas le retablissement de plantes typiques des tourbieres. Mots-cles: restauration de tourbieres, marais sale, changement climatique, contamination par l'eau de mer, vegetalisation spontanee. As a rise in sea level is expected with climate change, peat-extracted peatlands located in coastal zones are more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion. Seawater contamination may prevent revegetation of typical bog species (e.g., Sphagnum, ericaceous shrubs) generally intolerant to saline conditions. Spontaneous revegetation was studied in a 27-year post-extracted bog that has been contaminated with seawater in New Brunswick (Eastern Canada). This study aimed (i) to evaluate spontaneous plant regeneration on saline but still acidic, organic soil; and (ii) to relate the recolonized vegetation patterns to the main environmental conditions. Of the seven plant communities found in the sea-contaminated bog, none were typical of bogs, and Sphagnum mosses were poorly represented. Plants communities and chemical properties were rather representative of salt marsh ecosystems (i.e., Carex paleacea, Sporobolus michauxianus, Empetrum nigrum, Myrica gale; neutral pH and nutrient-rich, namely P, Mg, and NH 4 + ). Areas with low levels of spontaneous revegetation were associated with harsh chemical conditions (i.e., acid pH, high electrical conductivity, and nutrient-poor). Considering the aggravating factors that will persist with climate change, restoration of coastal bogs contaminated with seawater should aim to re-establish salt marsh ecosystems, given that spontaneous revegetation patterns and chemical conditions clearly do not allow the establishment of bog plant communities. As a rise in sea level is expected with climate change, peat-extracted peatlands located in coastal zones are more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion. Seawater contamination may prevent revegetation of typical bog species (e.g., Sphagnum, ericaceous shrubs) generally intolerant to saline conditions. Spontaneous revegetation was studied in a 27-year post-extracted bog that has been contaminated with seawater in New Brunswick (Eastern Canada). This study aimed (i) to evaluate spontaneous plant regeneration on saline but still acidic, organic soil; and (ii) to relate the recolonized vegetation patterns to the main environmental conditions. Of the seven plant communities found in the sea-contaminated bog, none were typical of bogs, and Sphagnum mosses were poorly represented. Plants communities and chemical properties were rather representative of salt marsh ecosystems (i.e., Carex paleacea, Sporobolus michauxianus, Empetrum nigrum, Myrica gale; neutral pH and nutrient-rich, namely P, Mg, and NH₄⁺). Areas with low levels of spontaneous revegetation were associated with harsh chemical conditions (i.e., acid pH, high electrical conductivity, and nutrient-poor). Considering the aggravating factors that will persist with climate change, restoration of coastal bogs contaminated with seawater should aim to re-establish salt marsh ecosystems, given that spontaneous revegetation patterns and chemical conditions clearly do not allow the establishment of bog plant communities. As a rise in sea level is expected with climate change, peat-extracted peatlands located in coastal zones are more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion. Seawater contamination may prevent revegetation of typical bog species (e.g., Sphagnum, ericaceous shrubs) generally intolerant to saline conditions. Spontaneous revegetation was studied in a 27-year post-extracted bog that has been contaminated with seawater in New Brunswick (Eastern Canada). This study aimed (i) to evaluate spontaneous plant regeneration on saline but still acidic, organic soil; and (ii) to relate the recolonized vegetation patterns to the main environmental conditions. Of the seven plant communities found in the sea-contaminated bog, none were typical of bogs, and Sphagnum mosses were poorly represented. Plants communities and chemical properties were rather representative of salt marsh ecosystems (i.e., Carex paleacea, Sporobolus michauxianus, Empetrum nigrum, Myrica gale; neutral pH and nutrient-rich, namely P, Mg, and N[H.sup.+.sub.4]). Areas with low levels of spontaneous revegetation were associated with harsh chemical conditions (i.e., acid pH, high electrical conductivity, and nutrient-poor). Considering the aggravating factors that will persist with climate change, restoration of coastal bogs contaminated with seawater should aim to re-establish salt marsh ecosystems, given that spontaneous revegetation patterns and chemical conditions clearly do not allow the establishment of bog plant communities. As a rise in sea level is expected with climate change, peat-extracted peatlands located in coastal zones are more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion. Seawater contamination may prevent revegetation of typical bog species (e.g., Sphagnum, ericaceous shrubs) generally intolerant to saline conditions. Spontaneous revegetation was studied in a 27-year post-extracted bog that has been contaminated with seawater in New Brunswick (Eastern Canada). This study aimed (i) to evaluate spontaneous plant regeneration on saline but still acidic, organic soil; and (ii) to relate the recolonized vegetation patterns to the main environmental conditions. Of the seven plant communities found in the sea-contaminated bog, none were typical of bogs, and Sphagnum mosses were poorly represented. Plants communities and chemical properties were rather representative of salt marsh ecosystems (i.e., Carex paleacea, Sporobolus michauxianus, Empetrum nigrum, Myrica gale; neutral pH and nutrient-rich, namely P, Mg, and NH 4 + ). Areas with low levels of spontaneous revegetation were associated with harsh chemical conditions (i.e., acid pH, high electrical conductivity, and nutrient-poor). Considering the aggravating factors that will persist with climate change, restoration of coastal bogs contaminated with seawater should aim to re-establish salt marsh ecosystems, given that spontaneous revegetation patterns and chemical conditions clearly do not allow the establishment of bog plant communities. |
| Abstract_FL | Avec la montée du niveau des mers prévue avec les changements climatiques, les tourbières extraites en zone côtière sont vulnérables à l’intrusion d’eau salée. La contamination par l’eau salée peut nuire à la recolonisation par les plantes typiques des bogs (p. ex. : sphaignes, éricacées) généralement intolérantes aux conditions salines. La recolonisation végétale spontanée a été étudiée dans un bog où les activités d’extraction de la tourbe ont cessé 27 ans auparavant et qui a été contaminé par l’eau de mer à travers le temps, au Nouveau-Brunswick (Est du Canada). Cette étude visait (i) à évaluer la régénération végétale sur des sols organiques salés, mais toujours acides; et (ii) à établir un lien entre la recolonisation des plantes et les conditions environnementales, notamment les propriétés chimiques du sol. Des sept communautés de plantes retrouvées dans la tourbière contaminée par l’eau de mer, aucune n’était typique des bogs et les sphaignes y étaient peu présentes. Les communautés végétales et les propriétés chimiques étaient plutôt représentatives d’un écosystème de marais salé (c.-à-d., Carex paleacea, Sporobolus michauxianus, Myrica gale; pH neutre et riche en éléments nutritifs, notamment P, Mg et NH
4
+
). Une faible recolonisation spontanée était associée avec des conditions chimiques arides (c.-à-d., pH acide, conductivité électrique élevée, faible contenu en éléments nutritifs). Considérant les facteurs aggravants qui persisteront avec les changements climatiques, la restauration des tourbières côtières contaminées par l’eau salée comme mesure de gestion adaptative devrait viser à rétablir un marais salé, puisque la végétalisation spontanée et les conditions chimiques ne permettent manifestement pas le rétablissement de plantes typiques des tourbières. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Guêné-Nanchen, Mélina D’Amour, Noémie Rochefort, Line |
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| SubjectTerms | bog plants bogs botany Carex changement climatique Chemical properties climate change coasts contamination par l’eau de mer Ecosystems Electric properties Electrical conductivity Empetrum nigrum environmental factors Global temperature changes land restoration marais salé mosses and liverworts Myrica gale New Brunswick Peat Peat-bogs peatland restoration peatlands plant communities restauration de tourbières Revegetation salt marsh salt marshes Saltwater encroachment saltwater intrusion sea level Sea-water seawater seawater contamination shrubs Sphagnum spontaneous revegetation Sporobolus Tidal marshes vegetation végétalisation spontanée |
| Title | Adaptation of restoration target with climate change: the case of a coastal peatland |
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