Effect of Mental Challenge Induced by Movie Clips on Action Potential Duration in Normal Human Subjects Independent of Heart Rate

• Published in: Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology Vol. 7; no. 3; pp. 518 - 523
• Main Authors: Child, Nicholas, Hanson, Ben, Bishop, Martin, Rinaldi, Christopher A., Bostock, Julian, Western, David, Cooklin, Michael, O’Neil, Mark, Wright, Matthew, Razavi, Reza, Gill, Jaswinder, Taggart, Peter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Heart Association, Inc 01.06.2014
• Subjects: Action Potentials - physiology; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure - physiology; Electrocardiography - methods; Female; Heart Rate - physiology; Hemodynamics - physiology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motion Pictures; Reference Values; Sampling Studies; Stress, Psychological; Tachycardia, Ventricular - diagnosis; Tachycardia, Ventricular - psychology; Ventricular Function - physiology; arrhythmias, cardiac; stress, psychological; action potentials
• ISSN: 1941-3149; 1941-3084; 1941-3084
• DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.113.000909

BACKGROUND—Mental stress and emotion have long been associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in animal models and humans. The effect of mental challenge on ventricular action potential duration (APD) in conscious healthy humans has not been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS—Activation recovery intervals measured from unipolar electrograms as a surrogate for APD (n=19) were recorded from right and left ventricular endocardium during steady-state pacing, whilst subjects watched an emotionally charged film clip. To assess the possible modulating role of altered respiration on APD, the subjects then repeated the same breathing pattern they had during the stress, but without the movie clip. Hemodynamic parameters (mean, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure, and rate of pressure increase) and respiration rate increased during the stressful part of the film clip (P=0.001). APD decreased during the stressful parts of the film clip, for example, for global right ventricular activation recovery interval at end of film clip 193.8 ms (SD, 14) versus 198.0 ms (SD, 13) during the matched breathing control (end film left ventricle 199.8 ms [SD, 16] versus control 201.6 ms [SD, 15]; P=0.004). Respiration rate increased during the stressful part of the film clip (by 2 breaths per minute) and was well matched in the respective control period without any hemodynamic or activation recovery interval changes. CONCLUSIONS—Our results document for the first time direct recordings of the effect of a mental challenge protocol on ventricular APD in conscious humans. The effect of mental challenge on APD was not secondary to emotionally induced altered respiration or heart rate.