Incidence of Enuresis and Encopresis Among Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Population-Based Birth Cohort
Abstract Objective This study reports the incidence of enuresis and encopresis among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus those without ADHD. Methods Subjects included 358 children (74.5% boys) with research-identified ADHD from a 1976 to 1982 population-based birth c...
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Published in | Academic pediatrics Vol. 13; no. 4; pp. 322 - 327 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.07.2013
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Abstract | Abstract Objective This study reports the incidence of enuresis and encopresis among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus those without ADHD. Methods Subjects included 358 children (74.5% boys) with research-identified ADHD from a 1976 to 1982 population-based birth cohort (n = 5718) and 729 (75.2% boys) non-ADHD control subjects from the same birth cohort, matched by gender and age. All subjects were retrospectively followed from birth until a diagnosis of enuresis or encopresis was made or last follow-up before 18 years of age. The complete medical record for each subject was reviewed to obtain information on age of initial diagnosis of an elimination disorder, frequency and duration of symptoms, and identification of exclusionary criteria specified by DSM-IV, with confirmation of the diagnosis by expert consensus. Results Children with ADHD were 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–3.4; P = .002) times more likely to meet DSM-IV criteria for enuresis than non-ADHD controls; they were 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2–2.7; P = .006) times more likely to do so than non-ADHD controls when less stringent criteria for a diagnosis of enuresis were employed. Though not significant, children with ADHD were 1.8 (95% CI, 0.7–4.6; P = .23) times more likely to meet criteria for encopresis than non-ADHD controls. The relative risk was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.0–4.1; P = .05) when a less stringent definition for encopresis was utilized. Conclusions Children with ADHD are more likely than their peers without ADHD to develop enuresis with a similar trend for encopresis. |
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AbstractList | This study reports the incidence of enuresis and encopresis among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus those without ADHD.
Subjects included 358 children (74.5% boys) with research-identified ADHD from a 1976 to 1982 population-based birth cohort (n = 5718) and 729 (75.2% boys) non-ADHD control subjects from the same birth cohort, matched by gender and age. All subjects were retrospectively followed from birth until a diagnosis of enuresis or encopresis was made or last follow-up before 18 years of age. The complete medical record for each subject was reviewed to obtain information on age of initial diagnosis of an elimination disorder, frequency and duration of symptoms, and identification of exclusionary criteria specified by DSM-IV, with confirmation of the diagnosis by expert consensus.
Children with ADHD were 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–3.4; P = .002) times more likely to meet DSM-IV criteria for enuresis than non-ADHD controls; they were 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2–2.7; P = .006) times more likely to do so than non-ADHD controls when less stringent criteria for a diagnosis of enuresis were employed. Though not significant, children with ADHD were 1.8 (95% CI, 0.7–4.6; P = .23) times more likely to meet criteria for encopresis than non-ADHD controls. The relative risk was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.0–4.1; P = .05) when a less stringent definition for encopresis was utilized.
Children with ADHD are more likely than their peers without ADHD to develop enuresis with a similar trend for encopresis. OBJECTIVEThis study reports the incidence of enuresis and encopresis among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus those without ADHD.METHODSSubjects included 358 children (74.5% boys) with research-identified ADHD from a 1976 to 1982 population-based birth cohort (n = 5718) and 729 (75.2% boys) non-ADHD control subjects from the same birth cohort, matched by gender and age. All subjects were retrospectively followed from birth until a diagnosis of enuresis or encopresis was made or last follow-up before 18 years of age. The complete medical record for each subject was reviewed to obtain information on age of initial diagnosis of an elimination disorder, frequency and duration of symptoms, and identification of exclusionary criteria specified by DSM-IV, with confirmation of the diagnosis by expert consensus.RESULTSChildren with ADHD were 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-3.4; P = .002) times more likely to meet DSM-IV criteria for enuresis than non-ADHD controls; they were 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.7; P = .006) times more likely to do so than non-ADHD controls when less stringent criteria for a diagnosis of enuresis were employed. Though not significant, children with ADHD were 1.8 (95% CI, 0.7-4.6; P = .23) times more likely to meet criteria for encopresis than non-ADHD controls. The relative risk was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.0-4.1; P = .05) when a less stringent definition for encopresis was utilized.CONCLUSIONSChildren with ADHD are more likely than their peers without ADHD to develop enuresis with a similar trend for encopresis. Abstract Objective This study reports the incidence of enuresis and encopresis among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus those without ADHD. Methods Subjects included 358 children (74.5% boys) with research-identified ADHD from a 1976 to 1982 population-based birth cohort (n = 5718) and 729 (75.2% boys) non-ADHD control subjects from the same birth cohort, matched by gender and age. All subjects were retrospectively followed from birth until a diagnosis of enuresis or encopresis was made or last follow-up before 18 years of age. The complete medical record for each subject was reviewed to obtain information on age of initial diagnosis of an elimination disorder, frequency and duration of symptoms, and identification of exclusionary criteria specified by DSM-IV, with confirmation of the diagnosis by expert consensus. Results Children with ADHD were 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–3.4; P = .002) times more likely to meet DSM-IV criteria for enuresis than non-ADHD controls; they were 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2–2.7; P = .006) times more likely to do so than non-ADHD controls when less stringent criteria for a diagnosis of enuresis were employed. Though not significant, children with ADHD were 1.8 (95% CI, 0.7–4.6; P = .23) times more likely to meet criteria for encopresis than non-ADHD controls. The relative risk was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.0–4.1; P = .05) when a less stringent definition for encopresis was utilized. Conclusions Children with ADHD are more likely than their peers without ADHD to develop enuresis with a similar trend for encopresis. |
Author | Barbaresi, William J., MD Natchev, Brooke E., MA Katusic, Slavica K., MD Colligan, Robert C., PhD Weaver, Amy L., MS Mellon, Michael W., PhD Voigt, Robert G., MD |
AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 3 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 5 Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 7 Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 6 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 1 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 2 University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN – name: 4 Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN – name: 7 Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA – name: 1 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH – name: 6 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX – name: 2 University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA – name: 5 Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN |
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Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00086.x 10.1093/jpepsy/27.7.585 10.1097/CHI.0b013e318190045c 10.1097/00007611-199705000-00007 10.1001/archpedi.156.3.217 10.1017/S0021963098002224 10.4065/71.3.266 10.1097/01.MPG.0000149964.77418.27 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.12.004 10.1097/01.ju.0000108665.22072.b2 10.1007/s00431-005-1712-1 10.1097/00004703-199508000-00003 10.1001/archpedi.152.6.537 10.1542/peds.94.5.662 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31811ff87d 10.4065/73.11.1053 |
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Keywords | ADHD encopresis birth cohort incidence enuresis |
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Snippet | Abstract Objective This study reports the incidence of enuresis and encopresis among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus those... This study reports the incidence of enuresis and encopresis among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus those without ADHD.... OBJECTIVEThis study reports the incidence of enuresis and encopresis among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus those without... |
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SubjectTerms | ADHD Adolescent Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - epidemiology birth cohort Child Child, Preschool Cohort Studies encopresis Encopresis - epidemiology enuresis Enuresis - epidemiology Female Humans Incidence Male Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine Pediatrics Retrospective Studies |
Title | Incidence of Enuresis and Encopresis Among Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Population-Based Birth Cohort |
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