SALL4 correlates with proliferation, metastasis, and poor prognosis in prostate cancer by affecting MAPK pathway

Background The mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process. However, the role of spalt‐like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) in PCa metastasis remains unclear. Methods We performed RNA‐sequencing to compare...

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Published inCancer medicine (Malden, MA) Vol. 12; no. 12; pp. 13471 - 13485
Main Authors Zhou, Jie, Peng, Shengmeng, Fan, Huiyang, Li, Jin, Li, Zean, Wang, Ganping, Zeng, Lexiang, Guo, Zhenghui, Lai, Yiming, Huang, Hai
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2023
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Abstract Background The mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process. However, the role of spalt‐like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) in PCa metastasis remains unclear. Methods We performed RNA‐sequencing to compare the mRNA expression profiles of seven localized PCa tissues and six metastatic PCa tissues. SALL4 was then identified and compared in the localized PCa and metastatic PCa. Immunohistochemical studies, qRT‐PCR, and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of SALL4 in PCa patients and cell lines. SALL4 expression and its relevance to clinical traits and prognosis were further explored in the TCGA database and in our 68 clinical samples. Subsequently, we knocked down SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 cells and performed a series of functional assays to explore the effect of SALL4 on PCa progression. Finally, protein levels of SALL4 and core components of the MAPK pathway were measured by Western blot, and cells were treated with PD0325901 to observe proliferation and metastasis. Results Significantly higher expression of SALL4 was found in metastatic PCa than in localized PCa. In addition, high SALL4 expression was significantly associated with high pathological T stage, N stage, Gleason score, and poor disease‐free survival in TCGA database and in our clinical samples. Functional studies indicated that knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 inhibited proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the ERK and P38 protein phosphorylation significantly reduced after knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3, indicating the inactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, the proliferation and migration ability of DU145 and PC3 cells were significantly decreased after PD0325901 treatment. Conclusions SALL4 predicts unfavorable outcome and is closely associated with PCa progression, suggesting that SALL4 may be a promising prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for PCa.
AbstractList Abstract Background The mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process. However, the role of spalt‐like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) in PCa metastasis remains unclear. Methods We performed RNA‐sequencing to compare the mRNA expression profiles of seven localized PCa tissues and six metastatic PCa tissues. SALL4 was then identified and compared in the localized PCa and metastatic PCa. Immunohistochemical studies, qRT‐PCR, and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of SALL4 in PCa patients and cell lines. SALL4 expression and its relevance to clinical traits and prognosis were further explored in the TCGA database and in our 68 clinical samples. Subsequently, we knocked down SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 cells and performed a series of functional assays to explore the effect of SALL4 on PCa progression. Finally, protein levels of SALL4 and core components of the MAPK pathway were measured by Western blot, and cells were treated with PD0325901 to observe proliferation and metastasis. Results Significantly higher expression of SALL4 was found in metastatic PCa than in localized PCa. In addition, high SALL4 expression was significantly associated with high pathological T stage, N stage, Gleason score, and poor disease‐free survival in TCGA database and in our clinical samples. Functional studies indicated that knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 inhibited proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the ERK and P38 protein phosphorylation significantly reduced after knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3, indicating the inactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, the proliferation and migration ability of DU145 and PC3 cells were significantly decreased after PD0325901 treatment. Conclusions SALL4 predicts unfavorable outcome and is closely associated with PCa progression, suggesting that SALL4 may be a promising prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for PCa.
The mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process. However, the role of spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) in PCa metastasis remains unclear.BACKGROUNDThe mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process. However, the role of spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) in PCa metastasis remains unclear.We performed RNA-sequencing to compare the mRNA expression profiles of seven localized PCa tissues and six metastatic PCa tissues. SALL4 was then identified and compared in the localized PCa and metastatic PCa. Immunohistochemical studies, qRT-PCR, and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of SALL4 in PCa patients and cell lines. SALL4 expression and its relevance to clinical traits and prognosis were further explored in the TCGA database and in our 68 clinical samples. Subsequently, we knocked down SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 cells and performed a series of functional assays to explore the effect of SALL4 on PCa progression. Finally, protein levels of SALL4 and core components of the MAPK pathway were measured by Western blot, and cells were treated with PD0325901 to observe proliferation and metastasis.METHODSWe performed RNA-sequencing to compare the mRNA expression profiles of seven localized PCa tissues and six metastatic PCa tissues. SALL4 was then identified and compared in the localized PCa and metastatic PCa. Immunohistochemical studies, qRT-PCR, and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of SALL4 in PCa patients and cell lines. SALL4 expression and its relevance to clinical traits and prognosis were further explored in the TCGA database and in our 68 clinical samples. Subsequently, we knocked down SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 cells and performed a series of functional assays to explore the effect of SALL4 on PCa progression. Finally, protein levels of SALL4 and core components of the MAPK pathway were measured by Western blot, and cells were treated with PD0325901 to observe proliferation and metastasis.Significantly higher expression of SALL4 was found in metastatic PCa than in localized PCa. In addition, high SALL4 expression was significantly associated with high pathological T stage, N stage, Gleason score, and poor disease-free survival in TCGA database and in our clinical samples. Functional studies indicated that knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 inhibited proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the ERK and P38 protein phosphorylation significantly reduced after knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3, indicating the inactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, the proliferation and migration ability of DU145 and PC3 cells were significantly decreased after PD0325901 treatment.RESULTSSignificantly higher expression of SALL4 was found in metastatic PCa than in localized PCa. In addition, high SALL4 expression was significantly associated with high pathological T stage, N stage, Gleason score, and poor disease-free survival in TCGA database and in our clinical samples. Functional studies indicated that knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 inhibited proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the ERK and P38 protein phosphorylation significantly reduced after knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3, indicating the inactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, the proliferation and migration ability of DU145 and PC3 cells were significantly decreased after PD0325901 treatment.SALL4 predicts unfavorable outcome and is closely associated with PCa progression, suggesting that SALL4 may be a promising prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for PCa.CONCLUSIONSSALL4 predicts unfavorable outcome and is closely associated with PCa progression, suggesting that SALL4 may be a promising prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for PCa.
BackgroundThe mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process. However, the role of spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) in PCa metastasis remains unclear.MethodsWe performed RNA-sequencing to compare the mRNA expression profiles of seven localized PCa tissues and six metastatic PCa tissues. SALL4 was then identified and compared in the localized PCa and metastatic PCa. Immunohistochemical studies, qRT-PCR, and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of SALL4 in PCa patients and cell lines. SALL4 expression and its relevance to clinical traits and prognosis were further explored in the TCGA database and in our 68 clinical samples. Subsequently, we knocked down SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 cells and performed a series of functional assays to explore the effect of SALL4 on PCa progression. Finally, protein levels of SALL4 and core components of the MAPK pathway were measured by Western blot, and cells were treated with PD0325901 to observe proliferation and metastasis.ResultsSignificantly higher expression of SALL4 was found in metastatic PCa than in localized PCa. In addition, high SALL4 expression was significantly associated with high pathological T stage, N stage, Gleason score, and poor disease-free survival in TCGA database and in our clinical samples. Functional studies indicated that knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 inhibited proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the ERK and P38 protein phosphorylation significantly reduced after knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3, indicating the inactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, the proliferation and migration ability of DU145 and PC3 cells were significantly decreased after PD0325901 treatment.ConclusionsSALL4 predicts unfavorable outcome and is closely associated with PCa progression, suggesting that SALL4 may be a promising prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for PCa.
Background The mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process. However, the role of spalt‐like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) in PCa metastasis remains unclear. Methods We performed RNA‐sequencing to compare the mRNA expression profiles of seven localized PCa tissues and six metastatic PCa tissues. SALL4 was then identified and compared in the localized PCa and metastatic PCa. Immunohistochemical studies, qRT‐PCR, and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of SALL4 in PCa patients and cell lines. SALL4 expression and its relevance to clinical traits and prognosis were further explored in the TCGA database and in our 68 clinical samples. Subsequently, we knocked down SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 cells and performed a series of functional assays to explore the effect of SALL4 on PCa progression. Finally, protein levels of SALL4 and core components of the MAPK pathway were measured by Western blot, and cells were treated with PD0325901 to observe proliferation and metastasis. Results Significantly higher expression of SALL4 was found in metastatic PCa than in localized PCa. In addition, high SALL4 expression was significantly associated with high pathological T stage, N stage, Gleason score, and poor disease‐free survival in TCGA database and in our clinical samples. Functional studies indicated that knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 inhibited proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the ERK and P38 protein phosphorylation significantly reduced after knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3, indicating the inactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, the proliferation and migration ability of DU145 and PC3 cells were significantly decreased after PD0325901 treatment. Conclusions SALL4 predicts unfavorable outcome and is closely associated with PCa progression, suggesting that SALL4 may be a promising prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for PCa.
The mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process. However, the role of spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) in PCa metastasis remains unclear. We performed RNA-sequencing to compare the mRNA expression profiles of seven localized PCa tissues and six metastatic PCa tissues. SALL4 was then identified and compared in the localized PCa and metastatic PCa. Immunohistochemical studies, qRT-PCR, and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of SALL4 in PCa patients and cell lines. SALL4 expression and its relevance to clinical traits and prognosis were further explored in the TCGA database and in our 68 clinical samples. Subsequently, we knocked down SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 cells and performed a series of functional assays to explore the effect of SALL4 on PCa progression. Finally, protein levels of SALL4 and core components of the MAPK pathway were measured by Western blot, and cells were treated with PD0325901 to observe proliferation and metastasis. Significantly higher expression of SALL4 was found in metastatic PCa than in localized PCa. In addition, high SALL4 expression was significantly associated with high pathological T stage, N stage, Gleason score, and poor disease-free survival in TCGA database and in our clinical samples. Functional studies indicated that knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3 inhibited proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the ERK and P38 protein phosphorylation significantly reduced after knockdown of SALL4 in DU145 and PC3, indicating the inactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, the proliferation and migration ability of DU145 and PC3 cells were significantly decreased after PD0325901 treatment. SALL4 predicts unfavorable outcome and is closely associated with PCa progression, suggesting that SALL4 may be a promising prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for PCa.
Author Peng, Shengmeng
Zhou, Jie
Lai, Yiming
Li, Zean
Huang, Hai
Zeng, Lexiang
Guo, Zhenghui
Fan, Huiyang
Li, Jin
Wang, Ganping
AuthorAffiliation 4 Department of Reproductive Center, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
6 Department of Urology The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital Qingyuan China
1 Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
3 Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases Guangzhou China
5 Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
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– name: 3 Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases Guangzhou China
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Issue 12
Keywords MAPK pathway
prostate cancer
metastasis
SALL4
Language English
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2023 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Notes Jie Zhou, Shengmeng Peng, Huiyang Fan, and Jin Li contributed equally to this work.
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2007; 104
2021; 7
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2013; 20
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Snippet Background The mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process....
The mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process. However, the...
BackgroundThe mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this process....
Abstract Background The mechanism involved in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is still poorly understood, and several oncogenes are known to regulate this...
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StartPage 13471
SubjectTerms Angiogenesis
Apoptosis
Biopsy
Cell cycle
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Movement - genetics
Cell proliferation
Cell Proliferation - genetics
Datasets
Gastric cancer
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Leukemia
Male
MAP kinase
MAPK pathway
Medical prognosis
Metastases
Metastasis
p38 Protein
Phosphorylation
Polyethylene terephthalate
Prognosis
Prostate cancer
Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology
SALL4
Signal transduction
Software
Stem cells
Surgery
Therapeutic targets
Transcription factors
Transcription Factors - genetics
Transcription Factors - metabolism
Tumors
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Title SALL4 correlates with proliferation, metastasis, and poor prognosis in prostate cancer by affecting MAPK pathway
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fcam4.5998
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37119046
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2832194357
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2807918671
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10315722
https://doaj.org/article/2951704e1e1a4a5f9c6b79e479a66c4f
Volume 12
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