Urinary metabonomic study of the surface layer of Poria cocos as an effective treatment for chronic renal injury in rats

Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia (“Fu-Ling-Pi” in Chinese) is used as a diuretic and traditionally used for promoting urination and reduce edema. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) treat many diseases through multi-components, multi-wa...

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Published inJournal of ethnopharmacology Vol. 148; no. 2; pp. 403 - 410
Main Authors Zhao, Ying-Yong, Li, Hai-Tao, Feng, Ya-Long, Bai, Xu, Lin, Rui-Chao
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Ireland Elsevier Ireland Ltd 09.07.2013
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Abstract Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia (“Fu-Ling-Pi” in Chinese) is used as a diuretic and traditionally used for promoting urination and reduce edema. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) treat many diseases through multi-components, multi-ways and multi-targets. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCM are not yet well understood. In the present work, ultra performance liquid chromatography-based metabonomics analysis was applied to investigate the urinary metabolite profiling of the renoprotective effect of FLP on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat model and involved possible mechanism. A metabonomic approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-sensitivity mass spectrometry and a novel mass spectrometryElevated Energy data collection technique was developed. The resulting dataset was analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The identification of all potential biomarkers was performed using reference standard by comparing their mass spectra, MSE fragments information, isotopic pattern and MassLynx i-FIT algorithm. By partial least squares-discriminate analysis, 15 biomarkers in rat urine were identified and 11 of them were related to the pathway of adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Among these biomarkers, eight biomarkers like adenine, l-acetylcarnitine, 8-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine, creatine, methionine, phytosphingosine and phenylalanine were reversed to the control level in FLP-treated group and six biomarkers like 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, indole-3-carboxylic acid, 3-methyldioxyindole, ethyl-N2-acetyl-l-argininate, 3-O-methyldopa and xanthurenic acid were reversed to high control group by FLP, which indicates that the urinary metabolic pattern significantly changed after FLP treatment. Our study indicates that FLP treatment can ameliorate CKD by intervening in some dominating metabolic pathways, such as adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The metabonomic results not only supplied a systematic view of the development and progression of CKD and mechanism studies of FLP but also provided the theoretical basis for the prevention or treatment of CKD. [Display omitted]
AbstractList Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia ("Fu-Ling-Pi" in Chinese) is used as a diuretic and traditionally used for promoting urination and reduce edema. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) treat many diseases through multi-components, multi-ways and multi-targets. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCM are not yet well understood. In the present work, ultra performance liquid chromatography-based metabonomics analysis was applied to investigate the urinary metabolite profiling of the renoprotective effect of FLP on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat model and involved possible mechanism. A metabonomic approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-sensitivity mass spectrometry and a novel mass spectrometry(Elevated Energy) data collection technique was developed. The resulting dataset was analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The identification of all potential biomarkers was performed using reference standard by comparing their mass spectra, MS(E) fragments information, isotopic pattern and MassLynx i-FIT algorithm. By partial least squares-discriminate analysis, 15 biomarkers in rat urine were identified and 11 of them were related to the pathway of adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Among these biomarkers, eight biomarkers like adenine, L-acetylcarnitine, 8-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine, creatine, methionine, phytosphingosine and phenylalanine were reversed to the control level in FLP-treated group and six biomarkers like 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, indole-3-carboxylic acid, 3-methyldioxyindole, ethyl-N2-acetyl-L-argininate, 3-O-methyldopa and xanthurenic acid were reversed to high control group by FLP, which indicates that the urinary metabolic pattern significantly changed after FLP treatment. Our study indicates that FLP treatment can ameliorate CKD by intervening in some dominating metabolic pathways, such as adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The metabonomic results not only supplied a systematic view of the development and progression of CKD and mechanism studies of FLP but also provided the theoretical basis for the prevention or treatment of CKD.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia (“Fu-Ling-Pi” in Chinese) is used as a diuretic and traditionally used for promoting urination and reduce edema. AIM OF THE STUDY: Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) treat many diseases through multi-components, multi-ways and multi-targets. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCM are not yet well understood. In the present work, ultra performance liquid chromatography-based metabonomics analysis was applied to investigate the urinary metabolite profiling of the renoprotective effect of FLP on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat model and involved possible mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A metabonomic approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-sensitivity mass spectrometry and a novel mass spectrometryᴱˡᵉᵛᵃᵗᵉᵈ ᴱⁿᵉʳᵍʸ data collection technique was developed. The resulting dataset was analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The identification of all potential biomarkers was performed using reference standard by comparing their mass spectra, MSᴱ fragments information, isotopic pattern and MassLynx i-FIT algorithm. RESULTS: By partial least squares-discriminate analysis, 15 biomarkers in rat urine were identified and 11 of them were related to the pathway of adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Among these biomarkers, eight biomarkers like adenine, l-acetylcarnitine, 8-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine, creatine, methionine, phytosphingosine and phenylalanine were reversed to the control level in FLP-treated group and six biomarkers like 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, indole-3-carboxylic acid, 3-methyldioxyindole, ethyl-N₂-acetyl-l-argininate, 3-O-methyldopa and xanthurenic acid were reversed to high control group by FLP, which indicates that the urinary metabolic pattern significantly changed after FLP treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that FLP treatment can ameliorate CKD by intervening in some dominating metabolic pathways, such as adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The metabonomic results not only supplied a systematic view of the development and progression of CKD and mechanism studies of FLP but also provided the theoretical basis for the prevention or treatment of CKD.
Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia (“Fu-Ling-Pi” in Chinese) is used as a diuretic and traditionally used for promoting urination and reduce edema. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) treat many diseases through multi-components, multi-ways and multi-targets. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCM are not yet well understood. In the present work, ultra performance liquid chromatography-based metabonomics analysis was applied to investigate the urinary metabolite profiling of the renoprotective effect of FLP on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat model and involved possible mechanism. A metabonomic approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-sensitivity mass spectrometry and a novel mass spectrometryElevated Energy data collection technique was developed. The resulting dataset was analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The identification of all potential biomarkers was performed using reference standard by comparing their mass spectra, MSE fragments information, isotopic pattern and MassLynx i-FIT algorithm. By partial least squares-discriminate analysis, 15 biomarkers in rat urine were identified and 11 of them were related to the pathway of adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Among these biomarkers, eight biomarkers like adenine, l-acetylcarnitine, 8-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine, creatine, methionine, phytosphingosine and phenylalanine were reversed to the control level in FLP-treated group and six biomarkers like 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, indole-3-carboxylic acid, 3-methyldioxyindole, ethyl-N2-acetyl-l-argininate, 3-O-methyldopa and xanthurenic acid were reversed to high control group by FLP, which indicates that the urinary metabolic pattern significantly changed after FLP treatment. Our study indicates that FLP treatment can ameliorate CKD by intervening in some dominating metabolic pathways, such as adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The metabonomic results not only supplied a systematic view of the development and progression of CKD and mechanism studies of FLP but also provided the theoretical basis for the prevention or treatment of CKD. [Display omitted]
Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia ("Fu-Ling-Pi" in Chinese) is used as a diuretic and traditionally used for promoting urination and reduce edema.ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCEPoria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia ("Fu-Ling-Pi" in Chinese) is used as a diuretic and traditionally used for promoting urination and reduce edema.Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) treat many diseases through multi-components, multi-ways and multi-targets. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCM are not yet well understood. In the present work, ultra performance liquid chromatography-based metabonomics analysis was applied to investigate the urinary metabolite profiling of the renoprotective effect of FLP on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat model and involved possible mechanism.AIM OF THE STUDYTraditional Chinese medicines (TCM) treat many diseases through multi-components, multi-ways and multi-targets. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCM are not yet well understood. In the present work, ultra performance liquid chromatography-based metabonomics analysis was applied to investigate the urinary metabolite profiling of the renoprotective effect of FLP on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat model and involved possible mechanism.A metabonomic approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-sensitivity mass spectrometry and a novel mass spectrometry(Elevated Energy) data collection technique was developed. The resulting dataset was analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The identification of all potential biomarkers was performed using reference standard by comparing their mass spectra, MS(E) fragments information, isotopic pattern and MassLynx i-FIT algorithm.MATERIAL AND METHODSA metabonomic approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-sensitivity mass spectrometry and a novel mass spectrometry(Elevated Energy) data collection technique was developed. The resulting dataset was analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The identification of all potential biomarkers was performed using reference standard by comparing their mass spectra, MS(E) fragments information, isotopic pattern and MassLynx i-FIT algorithm.By partial least squares-discriminate analysis, 15 biomarkers in rat urine were identified and 11 of them were related to the pathway of adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Among these biomarkers, eight biomarkers like adenine, L-acetylcarnitine, 8-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine, creatine, methionine, phytosphingosine and phenylalanine were reversed to the control level in FLP-treated group and six biomarkers like 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, indole-3-carboxylic acid, 3-methyldioxyindole, ethyl-N2-acetyl-L-argininate, 3-O-methyldopa and xanthurenic acid were reversed to high control group by FLP, which indicates that the urinary metabolic pattern significantly changed after FLP treatment.RESULTSBy partial least squares-discriminate analysis, 15 biomarkers in rat urine were identified and 11 of them were related to the pathway of adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Among these biomarkers, eight biomarkers like adenine, L-acetylcarnitine, 8-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine, creatine, methionine, phytosphingosine and phenylalanine were reversed to the control level in FLP-treated group and six biomarkers like 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, indole-3-carboxylic acid, 3-methyldioxyindole, ethyl-N2-acetyl-L-argininate, 3-O-methyldopa and xanthurenic acid were reversed to high control group by FLP, which indicates that the urinary metabolic pattern significantly changed after FLP treatment.Our study indicates that FLP treatment can ameliorate CKD by intervening in some dominating metabolic pathways, such as adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The metabonomic results not only supplied a systematic view of the development and progression of CKD and mechanism studies of FLP but also provided the theoretical basis for the prevention or treatment of CKD.CONCLUSIONSOur study indicates that FLP treatment can ameliorate CKD by intervening in some dominating metabolic pathways, such as adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The metabonomic results not only supplied a systematic view of the development and progression of CKD and mechanism studies of FLP but also provided the theoretical basis for the prevention or treatment of CKD.
Author Zhao, Ying-Yong
Lin, Rui-Chao
Li, Hai-Tao
Feng, Ya-Long
Bai, Xu
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  surname: Zhao
  fullname: Zhao, Ying-Yong
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  fullname: Li, Hai-Tao
  organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, PR China
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  givenname: Ya-Long
  surname: Feng
  fullname: Feng, Ya-Long
  organization: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
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  givenname: Xu
  surname: Bai
  fullname: Bai, Xu
  organization: Solution centrer, Waters Technologies (Shanghai) Ltd., No. 1387 Zhangdong Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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  fullname: Lin, Rui-Chao
  email: linrch307@sina.com
  organization: National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, PR China
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23612421$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 2
Keywords Ultra performance liquid chromatography
Poria cocos
PLS-DA
Chronic kidney disease
Mass spectrometryElevated Energy
FLP
PCA
CRF
Metabonomics
BPI
CKD
UPLC Q-TOF/HSMS
MSE
TCM
Language English
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Snippet Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia (“Fu-Ling-Pi” in Chinese) is used as a diuretic and...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia (“Fu-Ling-Pi” in Chinese) is...
Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia ("Fu-Ling-Pi" in Chinese) is used as a diuretic and...
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SubjectTerms adenine
Adenine - metabolism
algorithms
amino acid metabolism
animal models
Animals
biochemical pathways
biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods
Chronic kidney disease
Cocos
creatine
data collection
discriminant analysis
Diuretics
Diuretics - pharmacology
drug effects
drug therapy
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Drugs, Chinese Herbal - pharmacology
edema
Edema - drug therapy
fungi
hypoxanthine
Kidney
Kidney - drug effects
Kidney - metabolism
Kidney Failure, Chronic
Kidney Failure, Chronic - drug therapy
Kidney Failure, Chronic - metabolism
Kidney Failure, Chronic - urine
kidneys
least squares
Male
mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometryElevated Energy
Medicine, Chinese Traditional
Medicine, Chinese Traditional - methods
metabolism
Metabolomics
Metabolomics - methods
Metabonomics
methionine
methods
pharmacology
phenylalanine
Plant Preparations
Plant Preparations - pharmacology
Poria
Poria cocos
principal component analysis
Principal Component Analysis - methods
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
renoprotective effect
Ultra performance liquid chromatography
Urination
urine
Wolfiporia
Wolfiporia cocos
xanthurenic acid
Title Urinary metabonomic study of the surface layer of Poria cocos as an effective treatment for chronic renal injury in rats
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23612421
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1371271024
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1492813689
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1524154776
Volume 148
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