Neural mechanism for hypothalamic-mediated autonomic responses to light during migraine
Migraineurs avoid light because it intensifies their headache. However, this is not the only reason for their aversion to light. Studying migraineurs and control subjects, we found that lights triggered more changes in autonomic functions and negative emotions during, rather than in the absence of,...
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| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 114; no. 28; pp. E5683 - E5692 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
11.07.2017
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| Series | From the Cover |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Migraineurs avoid light because it intensifies their headache. However, this is not the only reason for their aversion to light. Studying migraineurs and control subjects, we found that lights triggered more changes in autonomic functions and negative emotions during, rather than in the absence of, migraine or in control subjects, and that the association between light and positive emotions was stronger in control subjects than migraineurs. Seeking to define a neuroanatomical substrate for these findings, we showed that, in rats, axons of retinal ganglion cells converge on hypothalamic neurons that project directly to nuclei in the brainstem and spinal cord that regulate parasympathetic and sympathetic functions and contain dopamine, histamine, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. Although the rat studies define frameworks for conceptualizing how light triggers the symptoms described by patients, the human studies suggest that the aversive nature of light is more complex than its association with headache intensification. |
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| AbstractList | Many migraineurs report that their need to avoid light is driven mainly by how unpleasant it makes them feel. Seeking to understand why light is unpleasant, we show here that light can trigger the perception of chest tightness, shortness of breath, light-headedness, dry mouth, irritability, sadness, and fear (among other aversive symptoms identified), and that these perceptions are mediated by newly described neuronal pathways through which electrical signals generated by light travel from the eye through the hypothalamus to neurons that regulate autonomic functions and emotions. We conclude that the aversive nature of light during migraine is more complex than its association with headache intensification.
Migraineurs avoid light because it intensifies their headache. However, this is not the only reason for their aversion to light. Studying migraineurs and control subjects, we found that lights triggered more changes in autonomic functions and negative emotions during, rather than in the absence of, migraine or in control subjects, and that the association between light and positive emotions was stronger in control subjects than migraineurs. Seeking to define a neuroanatomical substrate for these findings, we showed that, in rats, axons of retinal ganglion cells converge on hypothalamic neurons that project directly to nuclei in the brainstem and spinal cord that regulate parasympathetic and sympathetic functions and contain dopamine, histamine, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. Although the rat studies define frameworks for conceptualizing how light triggers the symptoms described by patients, the human studies suggest that the aversive nature of light is more complex than its association with headache intensification. Migraineurs avoid light because it intensifies their headache. However, this is not the only reason for their aversion to light. Studying migraineurs and control subjects, we found that lights triggered more changes in autonomic functions and negative emotions during, rather than in the absence of, migraine or in control subjects, and that the association between light and positive emotions was stronger in control subjects than migraineurs. Seeking to define a neuroanatomical substrate for these findings, we showed that, in rats, axons of retinal ganglion cells converge on hypothalamic neurons that project directly to nuclei in the brainstem and spinal cord that regulate parasympathetic and sympathetic functions and contain dopamine, histamine, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. Although the rat studies define frameworks for conceptualizing how light triggers the symptoms described by patients, the human studies suggest that the aversive nature of light is more complex than its association with headache intensification. Migraineurs avoid light because it intensifies their headache. However, this is not the only reason for their aversion to light. Studying migraineurs and control subjects, we found that lights triggered more changes in autonomic functions and negative emotions during, rather than in the absence of, migraine or in control subjects, and that the association between light and positive emotions was stronger in control subjects than migraineurs. Seeking to define a neuroanatomical substrate for these findings, we showed that, in rats, axons of retinal ganglion cells converge on hypothalamic neurons that project directly to nuclei in the brainstem and spinal cord that regulate parasympathetic and sympathetic functions and contain dopamine, histamine, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. Although the rat studies define frameworks for conceptualizing how light triggers the symptoms described by patients, the human studies suggest that the aversive nature of light is more complex than its association with headache intensification.Migraineurs avoid light because it intensifies their headache. However, this is not the only reason for their aversion to light. Studying migraineurs and control subjects, we found that lights triggered more changes in autonomic functions and negative emotions during, rather than in the absence of, migraine or in control subjects, and that the association between light and positive emotions was stronger in control subjects than migraineurs. Seeking to define a neuroanatomical substrate for these findings, we showed that, in rats, axons of retinal ganglion cells converge on hypothalamic neurons that project directly to nuclei in the brainstem and spinal cord that regulate parasympathetic and sympathetic functions and contain dopamine, histamine, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. Although the rat studies define frameworks for conceptualizing how light triggers the symptoms described by patients, the human studies suggest that the aversive nature of light is more complex than its association with headache intensification. |
| Author | Buettner, Catherine Borsook, David Bertisch, Suzanne M. Kainz, Vanessa M. Noseda, Rodrigo Lee, Alice J. Nir, Rony-Reuven Bernstein, Carolyn A. Burstein, Rami |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28652355$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Volumes 1–89 and 106–114, copyright as a collective work only; author(s) retains copyright to individual articles Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jul 11, 2017 |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Autonomic responses to light in migraine |
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| Keywords | emotions parasympathetic sympathetic photophobia colors |
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| Notes | SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by Peter L. Strick, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and approved May 26, 2017 (received for review May 23, 2017) Author contributions: R.N., C.A.B., D.B., and R.B. designed research; R.N., A.J.L., C.A.B., V.M.K., S.M.B., C.B., and R.B. performed research; R.N., A.J.L., R.-R.N., D.B., and R.B. analyzed data; R.N. and R.B. wrote the paper; and C.A.B., S.M.B., and C.B. oversaw patients. |
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| Snippet | Migraineurs avoid light because it intensifies their headache. However, this is not the only reason for their aversion to light. Studying migraineurs and... Many migraineurs report that their need to avoid light is driven mainly by how unpleasant it makes them feel. Seeking to understand why light is unpleasant, we... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anatomy Animals Autonomic nervous system Autonomic Nervous System - physiology Aversion Axons Biological Sciences Brain Brain stem Case-Control Studies Color Dopamine Emotions Female Headache Histamine Humans Hypothalamus Hypothalamus - physiology Light Light effects Male Melanin Melanin-concentrating hormone Middle Aged Migraine Migraine Disorders - physiopathology Models, Neurological Neurons Neurons - physiology Nuclei (cytology) Orexins Oxytocin Parasympathetic nervous system Photophobia PNAS Plus Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Retina Retina - physiology Retinal ganglion cells Rodents Spinal cord Sympathetic Nervous System - physiology Vasopressin Young Adult |
| Title | Neural mechanism for hypothalamic-mediated autonomic responses to light during migraine |
| URI | https://www.jstor.org/stable/26486514 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28652355 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1946431189 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1914290231 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5514773 |
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