Identification of genetic risk factors in the Chinese population implicates a role of immune system in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or around the APOE locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, P = 1.44 × 10−14), two common variants, GCH1 (rs7...

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Published inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 115; no. 8; pp. 1697 - 1706
Main Authors Zhou, Xiaopu, Chen, Yu, Mok, Kin Y., Zhao, Qianhua, Chen, Keliang, Chen, Yuewen, Hardy, John, Li, Yun, Fu, Amy K. Y., Guo, Qihao, Ip, Nancy Y.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States National Academy of Sciences 20.02.2018
SeriesInaugural Article
Subjects
Age of Onset
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alzheimer Disease - genetics
Alzheimer Disease - immunology
Alzheimer Disease - pathology
Alzheimer's disease
Apolipoprotein E
Apolipoproteins E - genetics
Asian People - genetics
Biological Sciences
Biomarkers
Blood
China
Cohort Studies
Female
Gene expression
Gene sequencing
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetics
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomes
Genotype
Genotypes
Geriatrics
Humans
Immune system
Immune System - immunology
Loci
Male
Middle Aged
Network analysis
Neurodegenerative diseases
Older people
Pathogenesis
Phenotypes
Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying - genetics
Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying - immunology
Risk
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Transcription
China
GWAS
immune
Alzheimer’s disease
whole-genome sequencing
risk variant
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or around the APOE locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, P = 1.44 × 10−14), two common variants, GCH1 (rs72713460, P = 4.36 × 10−5) and KCNJ15 (rs928771, P = 3.60 × 10−6), were identified and further verified for their possible risk effects for AD in three small non-Asian AD cohorts. Genotype–phenotype analysis showed that KCNJ15 variant rs928771 affects the onset age of AD, with earlier disease onset in minor allele carriers. In addition, altered expression level of the KCNJ15 transcript can be observed in the blood of AD subjects. Moreover, the risk variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 are associated with changes in their transcript levels in specific tissues, as well as changes of plasma biomarkers levels in AD subjects. Importantly, network analysis of hippocampus and blood transcriptome datasets suggests that the risk variants in the APOE, GCH1, and KCNJ15 loci might exert their functions through their regulatory effects on immune-related pathways. Taking these data together, we identified common variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 in the Chinese population that contribute to AD risk. These variants may exert their functional effects through the immune system.
AbstractList Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or around the APOE locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, P = 1.44 × 10−14), two common variants, GCH1 (rs72713460, P = 4.36 × 10−5) and KCNJ15 (rs928771, P = 3.60 × 10−6), were identified and further verified for their possible risk effects for AD in three small non-Asian AD cohorts. Genotype–phenotype analysis showed that KCNJ15 variant rs928771 affects the onset age of AD, with earlier disease onset in minor allele carriers. In addition, altered expression level of the KCNJ15 transcript can be observed in the blood of AD subjects. Moreover, the risk variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 are associated with changes in their transcript levels in specific tissues, as well as changes of plasma biomarkers levels in AD subjects. Importantly, network analysis of hippocampus and blood transcriptome datasets suggests that the risk variants in the APOE, GCH1, and KCNJ15 loci might exert their functions through their regulatory effects on immune-related pathways. Taking these data together, we identified common variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 in the Chinese population that contribute to AD risk. These variants may exert their functional effects through the immune system.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or around the APOE locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, P = 1.44 × 10 −14 ), two common variants, GCH1 (rs72713460, P = 4.36 × 10 −5 ) and KCNJ15 (rs928771, P = 3.60 × 10 −6 ), were identified and further verified for their possible risk effects for AD in three small non-Asian AD cohorts. Genotype–phenotype analysis showed that KCNJ15 variant rs928771 affects the onset age of AD, with earlier disease onset in minor allele carriers. In addition, altered expression level of the KCNJ15 transcript can be observed in the blood of AD subjects. Moreover, the risk variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 are associated with changes in their transcript levels in specific tissues, as well as changes of plasma biomarkers levels in AD subjects. Importantly, network analysis of hippocampus and blood transcriptome datasets suggests that the risk variants in the APOE , GCH1 , and KCNJ15 loci might exert their functions through their regulatory effects on immune-related pathways. Taking these data together, we identified common variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 in the Chinese population that contribute to AD risk. These variants may exert their functional effects through the immune system.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or around the APOE locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, P = 1.44 × 10-14), two common variants, GCH1 (rs72713460, P = 4.36 × 10-5) and KCNJ15 (rs928771, P = 3.60 × 10-6), were identified and further verified for their possible risk effects for AD in three small non-Asian AD cohorts. Genotype-phenotype analysis showed that KCNJ15 variant rs928771 affects the onset age of AD, with earlier disease onset in minor allele carriers. In addition, altered expression level of the KCNJ15 transcript can be observed in the blood of AD subjects. Moreover, the risk variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 are associated with changes in their transcript levels in specific tissues, as well as changes of plasma biomarkers levels in AD subjects. Importantly, network analysis of hippocampus and blood transcriptome datasets suggests that the risk variants in the APOE, GCH1, and KCNJ15 loci might exert their functions through their regulatory effects on immune-related pathways. Taking these data together, we identified common variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 in the Chinese population that contribute to AD risk. These variants may exert their functional effects through the immune system.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or around the APOE locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, P = 1.44 × 10-14), two common variants, GCH1 (rs72713460, P = 4.36 × 10-5) and KCNJ15 (rs928771, P = 3.60 × 10-6), were identified and further verified for their possible risk effects for AD in three small non-Asian AD cohorts. Genotype-phenotype analysis showed that KCNJ15 variant rs928771 affects the onset age of AD, with earlier disease onset in minor allele carriers. In addition, altered expression level of the KCNJ15 transcript can be observed in the blood of AD subjects. Moreover, the risk variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 are associated with changes in their transcript levels in specific tissues, as well as changes of plasma biomarkers levels in AD subjects. Importantly, network analysis of hippocampus and blood transcriptome datasets suggests that the risk variants in the APOE, GCH1, and KCNJ15 loci might exert their functions through their regulatory effects on immune-related pathways. Taking these data together, we identified common variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 in the Chinese population that contribute to AD risk. These variants may exert their functional effects through the immune system.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease. Genome-wide association studies predominately focusing on Caucasian populations have identified risk loci and genes associated with AD; the majority of these variants reside in noncoding regions with unclear functions. Here, we report a whole-genome sequencing study for AD in the Chinese population. Other than the APOE locus, we identified common variants in GCH1 and KCNJ15 that show suggestive associations with AD. For these two risk variants, an association with AD or advanced onset of disease can be observed in non-Asian AD cohorts. An association study of risk variants with expression data revealed their modulatory effects on immune signatures, linking the potential roles of these genes with immune-related pathways during AD pathogenesis. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or around the APOE locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, P = 1.44 × 10 −14 ), two common variants, GCH1 (rs72713460, P = 4.36 × 10 −5 ) and KCNJ15 (rs928771, P = 3.60 × 10 −6 ), were identified and further verified for their possible risk effects for AD in three small non-Asian AD cohorts. Genotype–phenotype analysis showed that KCNJ15 variant rs928771 affects the onset age of AD, with earlier disease onset in minor allele carriers. In addition, altered expression level of the KCNJ15 transcript can be observed in the blood of AD subjects. Moreover, the risk variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 are associated with changes in their transcript levels in specific tissues, as well as changes of plasma biomarkers levels in AD subjects. Importantly, network analysis of hippocampus and blood transcriptome datasets suggests that the risk variants in the APOE , GCH1 , and KCNJ15 loci might exert their functions through their regulatory effects on immune-related pathways. Taking these data together, we identified common variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 in the Chinese population that contribute to AD risk. These variants may exert their functional effects through the immune system.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or around the locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, = 1.44 × 10 ), two common variants, (rs72713460, = 4.36 × 10 ) and (rs928771, = 3.60 × 10 ), were identified and further verified for their possible risk effects for AD in three small non-Asian AD cohorts. Genotype-phenotype analysis showed that variant rs928771 affects the onset age of AD, with earlier disease onset in minor allele carriers. In addition, altered expression level of the transcript can be observed in the blood of AD subjects. Moreover, the risk variants of and are associated with changes in their transcript levels in specific tissues, as well as changes of plasma biomarkers levels in AD subjects. Importantly, network analysis of hippocampus and blood transcriptome datasets suggests that the risk variants in the , , and loci might exert their functions through their regulatory effects on immune-related pathways. Taking these data together, we identified common variants of and in the Chinese population that contribute to AD risk. These variants may exert their functional effects through the immune system.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or around the APOE locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, P = 1.44 x 10-14), two common variants, GCH1 (rs72713460, P = 4.36 x 10-5) and KCNJ15 (rs928771, P = 3.60 x 10 -6), were identified and further verified for their possible risk effects for AD in three small non-Asian AD cohorts. Genotype-phenotype analysis showed that KCNJ15 variant rs928771 affects the onset age of AD, with earlier disease onset in minor allele carriers. In addition, altered expression level of the KCNJ15 transcript can be observed in the blood of AD subjects. Moreover, the risk variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 are associated with changes in their transcript levels in specific tissues, as well as changes of plasma biomarkers levels in AD subjects. Importantly, network analysis of hippocampus and blood transcriptome datasets suggests that the risk variants in the APOE, GCH1, and KCNJ15 loci might exert their functions through their regulatory effects on immune-related pathways. Taking these data together, we identified common variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 in the Chinese population that contribute to AD risk. These variants may exert their functional effects through the immune system.
Author Guo, Qihao
Li, Yun
Ip, Nancy Y.
Chen, Keliang
Fu, Amy K. Y.
Zhou, Xiaopu
Chen, Yuewen
Zhao, Qianhua
Chen, Yu
Mok, Kin Y.
Hardy, John
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  organization: Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
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  organization: Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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  givenname: Amy K. Y.
  surname: Fu
  fullname: Fu, Amy K. Y.
  organization: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease, and Drug Development, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangdong, China
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  surname: Ip
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  organization: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease, and Drug Development, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangdong, China
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432188$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
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Copyright Volumes 1–89 and 106–114, copyright as a collective work only; author(s) retains copyright to individual articles
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Copyright National Academy of Sciences Feb 20, 2018
Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. 2018
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– notice: Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. 2018
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DocumentTitleAlternate New risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease in Chinese
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Issue 8
Keywords GWAS
immune
Alzheimer’s disease
whole-genome sequencing
risk variant
Language English
License Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.
This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).
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This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2015.
Contributed by Nancy Y. Ip, January 2, 2018 (sent for review September 6, 2017; reviewed by Michael P. Epstein, Alison Goate, and William Mobley)
Reviewers: M.P.E., Emory University School of Medicine; A.G., Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and W.M., University of California, San Diego.
3Part of the data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu/). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and provided data but did not participate in the analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found in the SI Appendix.
1X.Z. and Yu Chen contributed equally to this work.
Author contributions: X.Z., Yu Chen, K.Y.M., A.K.Y.F., and N.Y.I. designed research; X.Z., Yu Chen, K.Y.M., Q.Z., K.C., Yuewen Chen, and Q.G. performed research; A.D.N.I. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; X.Z., Yu Chen, K.Y.M., J.H., Y.L., A.K.Y.F., and N.Y.I. analyzed data; X.Z., Yu Chen, A.K.Y.F., and N.Y.I. wrote the paper; and A.D.N.I. partial data were obtained from the ADNI database.
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Snippet Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease. Genome-wide association studies predominately focusing on Caucasian populations have...
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pubmed
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jstor
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StartPage 1697
SubjectTerms Age of Onset
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alzheimer Disease - genetics
Alzheimer Disease - immunology
Alzheimer Disease - pathology
Alzheimer's disease
Apolipoprotein E
Apolipoproteins E - genetics
Asian People - genetics
Biological Sciences
Biomarkers
Blood
China
Cohort Studies
Female
Gene expression
Gene sequencing
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetics
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomes
Genotype
Genotypes
Geriatrics
Humans
Immune system
Immune System - immunology
Loci
Male
Middle Aged
Network analysis
Neurodegenerative diseases
Older people
Pathogenesis
Phenotypes
Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying - genetics
Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying - immunology
Risk
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Transcription
Title Identification of genetic risk factors in the Chinese population implicates a role of immune system in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/26507544
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432188
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2015726348
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2001915998
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5828602
Volume 115
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