Impact of Ural Blocking on Winter Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasian Anomalies. Part II The Link to the North Atlantic Oscillation
In Part I of this study, the Ural blocking (UB)-induced amplification role of winter warm Arctic–cold Eurasian (WACE) anomalies has been examined. It was found that the long-lived UB together with the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO⁺) significantly contributes to the amplification of the WA...
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Published in | Journal of climate Vol. 29; no. 11; pp. 3949 - 3971 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Boston
American Meteorological Society
01.06.2016
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Subjects | |
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Abstract | In Part I of this study, the Ural blocking (UB)-induced amplification role of winter warm Arctic–cold Eurasian (WACE) anomalies has been examined. It was found that the long-lived UB together with the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO⁺) significantly contributes to the amplification of the WACE pattern. The present study examines how the UB variability affects quasi-biweekly WACE (QB-WACE) anomalies and depends on the NAO⁺ and North Atlantic conditions by classifying the UB based on a case study of a cold event that occurred over southern China in January 2008. A composite analysis during 1979–2013 shows that the QB-WACE anomalies associated with the UB that often occur with the NAO⁺ are strong and influenced by the North Atlantic jet (NAJ) and zonal wind strengths over Eurasia. For NAO⁺-related UB, the QB-WACE anomaly depends strongly on the location of UB, and the UB anomalies lag the NAO⁺ by approximately 4–7 days.
The strength of the NAJ determines whether the combined NAO⁺ and UB anomalies exhibit a negative East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR⁻) pattern, while the region of weak zonal winds over Eurasia and the zonal extent of the NAJ dominate the location of UB. For southward-, eastward-, and westward-displaced UBs associated with a strong NAJ, the NAO⁺ favors the UB with a southward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly through wave train propagation like an EA/WR⁻ pattern. Eastward- and southward-displaced UB anomalies induce similarly displaced cold anomalies with intrusion into southern China. However, for a northward-displaced UB, this happens without pronounced EA/WR⁻ patterns because of a weak NAJ and is accompanied by a northward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly. |
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AbstractList | In Part I of this study, the Ural blocking (UB)-induced amplification role of winter warm Arctic–cold Eurasian (WACE) anomalies has been examined. It was found that the long-lived UB together with the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) significantly contributes to the amplification of the WACE pattern. The present study examines how the UB variability affects quasi-biweekly WACE (QB-WACE) anomalies and depends on the NAO+ and North Atlantic conditions by classifying the UB based on a case study of a cold event that occurred over southern China in January 2008. A composite analysis during 1979–2013 shows that the QB-WACE anomalies associated with the UB that often occur with the NAO+ are strong and influenced by the North Atlantic jet (NAJ) and zonal wind strengths over Eurasia. For NAO+-related UB, the QB-WACE anomaly depends strongly on the location of UB, and the UB anomalies lag the NAO+ by approximately 4–7 days.The strength of the NAJ determines whether the combined NAO+ and UB anomalies exhibit a negative East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR−) pattern, while the region of weak zonal winds over Eurasia and the zonal extent of the NAJ dominate the location of UB. For southward-, eastward-, and westward-displaced UBs associated with a strong NAJ, the NAO+ favors the UB with a southward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly through wave train propagation like an EA/WR− pattern. Eastward- and southward-displaced UB anomalies induce similarly displaced cold anomalies with intrusion into southern China. However, for a northward-displaced UB, this happens without pronounced EA/WR− patterns because of a weak NAJ and is accompanied by a northward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly. In Part I of this study, the Ural blocking (UB)-induced amplification role of winter warm Arctic–cold Eurasian (WACE) anomalies has been examined. It was found that the long-lived UB together with the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO⁺) significantly contributes to the amplification of the WACE pattern. The present study examines how the UB variability affects quasi-biweekly WACE (QB-WACE) anomalies and depends on the NAO⁺ and North Atlantic conditions by classifying the UB based on a case study of a cold event that occurred over southern China in January 2008. A composite analysis during 1979–2013 shows that the QB-WACE anomalies associated with the UB that often occur with the NAO⁺ are strong and influenced by the North Atlantic jet (NAJ) and zonal wind strengths over Eurasia. For NAO⁺-related UB, the QB-WACE anomaly depends strongly on the location of UB, and the UB anomalies lag the NAO⁺ by approximately 4–7 days. The strength of the NAJ determines whether the combined NAO⁺ and UB anomalies exhibit a negative East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR⁻) pattern, while the region of weak zonal winds over Eurasia and the zonal extent of the NAJ dominate the location of UB. For southward-, eastward-, and westward-displaced UBs associated with a strong NAJ, the NAO⁺ favors the UB with a southward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly through wave train propagation like an EA/WR⁻ pattern. Eastward- and southward-displaced UB anomalies induce similarly displaced cold anomalies with intrusion into southern China. However, for a northward-displaced UB, this happens without pronounced EA/WR⁻ patterns because of a weak NAJ and is accompanied by a northward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly. Abstract In Part I of this study, the Ural blocking (UB)-induced amplification role of winter warm Arctic–cold Eurasian (WACE) anomalies has been examined. It was found that the long-lived UB together with the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO + ) significantly contributes to the amplification of the WACE pattern. The present study examines how the UB variability affects quasi-biweekly WACE (QB-WACE) anomalies and depends on the NAO + and North Atlantic conditions by classifying the UB based on a case study of a cold event that occurred over southern China in January 2008. A composite analysis during 1979–2013 shows that the QB-WACE anomalies associated with the UB that often occur with the NAO + are strong and influenced by the North Atlantic jet (NAJ) and zonal wind strengths over Eurasia. For NAO + -related UB, the QB-WACE anomaly depends strongly on the location of UB, and the UB anomalies lag the NAO + by approximately 4–7 days. The strength of the NAJ determines whether the combined NAO + and UB anomalies exhibit a negative East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR − ) pattern, while the region of weak zonal winds over Eurasia and the zonal extent of the NAJ dominate the location of UB. For southward-, eastward-, and westward-displaced UBs associated with a strong NAJ, the NAO + favors the UB with a southward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly through wave train propagation like an EA/WR − pattern. Eastward- and southward-displaced UB anomalies induce similarly displaced cold anomalies with intrusion into southern China. However, for a northward-displaced UB, this happens without pronounced EA/WR − patterns because of a weak NAJ and is accompanied by a northward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly. In Part I of this study, the Ural blocking (UB)-induced amplification role of winter warm Arctic-cold Eurasian (WACE) anomalies has been examined. It was found that the long-lived UB together with the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO super(+)) significantly contributes to the amplification of the WACE pattern. The present study examines how the UB variability affects quasi-biweekly WACE (QB-WACE) anomalies and depends on the NAO super(+) and North Atlantic conditions by classifying the UB based on a case study of a cold event that occurred over southern China in January 2008. A composite analysis during 1979-2013 shows that the QB-WACE anomalies associated with the UB that often occur with the NAO super(+) are strong and influenced by the North Atlantic jet (NAJ) and zonal wind strengths over Eurasia. For NAO super(+)-related UB, the QB-WACE anomaly depends strongly on the location of UB, and the UB anomalies lag the NAO super(+) by approximately 4-7 days. The strength of the NAJ determines whether the combined NAO super(+) and UB anomalies exhibit a negative East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR super(-)) pattern, while the region of weak zonal winds over Eurasia and the zonal extent of the NAJ dominate the location of UB. For southward-, eastward-, and westward-displaced UBs associated with a strong NAJ, the NAO super(+) favors the UB with a southward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly through wave train propagation like an EA/WR super(-) pattern. Eastward- and southward-displaced UB anomalies induce similarly displaced cold anomalies with intrusion into southern China. However, for a northward-displaced UB, this happens without pronounced EA/WR super(-) patterns because of a weak NAJ and is accompanied by a northward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly. In Part I of this study, the Ural blocking (UB)-induced amplification role of winter warm Arctic-cold Eurasian (WACE) anomalies has been examined. It was found that the long-lived UB together with the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO^sup +^) significantly contributes to the amplification of the WACE pattern. The present study examines how the UB variability affects quasi-biweekly WACE (QB-WACE) anomalies and depends on the NAO^sup +^ and North Atlantic conditions by classifying the UB based on a case study of a cold event that occurred over southern China in January 2008. A composite analysis during 1979-2013 shows that the QB-WACE anomalies associated with the UB that often occur with the NAO^sup +^ are strong and influenced by the North Atlantic jet (NAJ) and zonal wind strengths over Eurasia. For NAO^sup +^-related UB, the QB-WACE anomaly depends strongly on the location of UB, and the UB anomalies lag the NAO^sup +^ by approximately 4-7 days. The strength of the NAJ determines whether the combined NAO^sup +^ and UB anomalies exhibit a negative East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR^sup -^) pattern, while the region of weak zonal winds over Eurasia and the zonal extent of the NAJ dominate the location of UB. For southward-, eastward-, and westward-displaced UBs associated with a strong NAJ, the NAO^sup +^ favors the UB with a southward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly through wave train propagation like an EA/WR^sup -^ pattern. Eastward- and southward-displaced UB anomalies induce similarly displaced cold anomalies with intrusion into southern China. However, for a northward-displaced UB, this happens without pronounced EA/WR^sup -^ patterns because of a weak NAJ and is accompanied by a northward-displaced QB-WACE anomaly. |
Author | Xiao, Yiqing Diao, Yina Luo, Dehai Simmonds, Ian Franzke, Christian L. E. Dai, Aiguo |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dehai surname: Luo fullname: Luo, Dehai organization: RCE-TEA, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yiqing surname: Xiao fullname: Xiao, Yiqing organization: Shanxi Meteorological Observatory, Xi’an, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yina surname: Diao fullname: Diao, Yina organization: Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Aiguo surname: Dai fullname: Dai, Aiguo organization: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado – sequence: 5 givenname: Christian L. E. surname: Franzke fullname: Franzke, Christian L. E. organization: Meteorological Institute, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Ian surname: Simmonds fullname: Simmonds, Ian organization: School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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Copyright | 2016 American Meteorological Society Copyright American Meteorological Society Jun 1, 2016 Copyright American Meteorological Society 2016 |
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Part I: Atlantic conditions doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0039.1 contributor: fullname: Luo – volume: 28 start-page: 3311 year: 2015 ident: bib34 article-title: Variability and trends of global atmospheric frontal activity and links with large-scale modes of variability doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00458.1 contributor: fullname: Rudeva – volume: 8 start-page: 014036 year: 2013 ident: bib43 article-title: Cold winter extremes in northern continents linked to arctic sea ice loss doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014036 contributor: fullname: Tang – volume: 40 start-page: 959 year: 2013a ident: bib37 article-title: Exploring links between arctic amplification and mid-latitude weather doi: 10.1002/grl.50174 contributor: fullname: Screen – volume: 58 start-page: 608 year: 2001 ident: bib42 article-title: A formulation of a phase-independent wave-activity flux for stationary and migratory quasigeostrophic eddies on a zonally varying basic flow doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0608:AFOAPI>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Takaya – volume: 80 start-page: 1 year: 2002 ident: bib40 article-title: Surface fluxes of momentum and mechanical energy over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans doi: 10.1007/s007030200009 contributor: fullname: Simmonds – volume: 115 start-page: D21111 year: 2010 ident: bib33 article-title: A link between reduced Barents-Kara sea ice and cold winter extremes over northern continents doi: 10.1029/2009JD013568 contributor: fullname: Petoukhov – volume: 117 start-page: 52 year: 2014 ident: bib45 article-title: Intensified warming of the Arctic: Causes and impacts on middle latitudes doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.03.003 contributor: fullname: Walsh – volume: 25 start-page: 2561 year: 2012 ident: bib18 article-title: The role of Barents Sea ice in the wintertime cyclone track and emergence of a warm-arctic cold-Siberian anomaly doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00449.1 contributor: fullname: Inoue – volume: 44 start-page: 3211 year: 2015 ident: bib21 article-title: The east Atlantic/west Russia (EA/WR) teleconnection in the North Atlantic: Climate impact and relation to Rossby wave propagation doi: 10.1007/s00382-014-2381-4 contributor: fullname: Lim – volume: 39 start-page: 1972 year: 1982 ident: bib12 article-title: The effect of large-scale transient eddies on the time-mean flow in the atmosphere doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<1972:TEOLST>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Holopainen – volume: 109 start-page: 4074 year: 2012 ident: bib22 article-title: Impact of declining arctic sea ice on winter snowfall doi: 10.1073/pnas.1114910109 contributor: fullname: Liu – volume: 137 start-page: 1111 year: 2009 ident: bib46 article-title: An analysis of the large-scale climate anomalies associated with the snowstorms affecting China in January 2008 doi: 10.1175/2008MWR2638.1 contributor: fullname: Wen – volume: 64 start-page: 3 year: 2007 ident: bib23 article-title: Dynamics of eddy-driven low-frequency dipole modes. Part I: A simple model of North Atlantic Oscillations doi: 10.1175/JAS3818.1 contributor: fullname: Luo – volume: 28 start-page: 246 year: 2011 ident: bib10 article-title: The role of warm North Atlantic SST in the formation of positive height anomalies over the Ural Mountains during January 2008 doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0069-1 contributor: fullname: Han – volume: 72 start-page: 1174 year: 2015b ident: bib26 article-title: Decadal relationship between European blocking and North Atlantic Oscillation during 1978–2011. Part II: A theoretical model study doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0040.1 contributor: fullname: Luo – volume: 7 start-page: 869 year: 2014 ident: bib28 article-title: Robust arctic sea-ice influence on the frequent Eurasian cold winters in past decades doi: 10.1038/ngeo2277 contributor: fullname: Mori – volume: 44 start-page: 1632 year: 1987 ident: bib11 article-title: High-frequency transient eddies and blocking doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<1632:HFTEAB>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Holopainen – volume: 67 start-page: 2827 year: 2010 ident: bib24 article-title: Spatial pattern and zonal shift of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Part II: Numerical experiments doi: 10.1175/2010JAS3340.1 contributor: fullname: Luo – volume: 7 start-page: 044044 year: 2012 ident: bib47 article-title: Weakened cyclones, intensified anticyclones and recent extreme cold winter weather events in Eurasia doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044044 contributor: fullname: Zhang – volume: 7 start-page: 014007 year: 2012 ident: bib4 article-title: Arctic warming, increasing snow cover and widespread boreal winter cooling doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014007 contributor: fullname: Cohen – volume: 464 start-page: 1334 year: 2010 ident: bib36 article-title: The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent arctic temperature amplification doi: 10.1038/nature09051 contributor: fullname: Screen – volume: 110 start-page: E2327 year: 2013b ident: bib38 article-title: Caution needed when linking weather extremes to amplified planetary waves contributor: fullname: Screen – volume: 125 start-page: 2074 year: 1997 ident: bib29 article-title: The role of high- and low-frequency dynamics in the blocking formation doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2074:TROHAL>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Nakamura – volume: 241 start-page: 39 year: 1973 ident: bib30 article-title: Response of general circulation model of the atmosphere to removal of the arctic ice cap doi: 10.1038/241039b0 contributor: fullname: Newson – volume: 40 start-page: 1595 year: 1983 ident: bib16 article-title: The shape, propagation and mean-flow interaction of large-scale weather systems doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1595:TSPAMF>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Hoskins – volume: 29 start-page: 3925 year: 2016 ident: bib27 article-title: Impact of Ural blocking on winter warm Arctic–cold Eurasian anomalies. Part I: Blocking-induced amplification doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0611.1 contributor: fullname: Luo – volume: 7 start-page: 627 year: 2014 ident: bib5 article-title: Recent arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather doi: 10.1038/ngeo2234 contributor: fullname: Cohen – volume: 12 start-page: 273 year: 2011 ident: bib3 article-title: Large-scale circulation anomalies associated with persistent low temperature over southern China in January 2008 doi: 10.1002/asl.333 contributor: fullname: Bueh – volume: 36 start-page: L08707 year: 2009 ident: bib13 article-title: Influence of low arctic sea-ice minima on anomalously cold Eurasian winters contributor: fullname: Honda – volume: 45 start-page: 2718 year: 1988 ident: bib19 article-title: Variability of the observed midlatitude storm tracks in relation to low-frequency changes in the circulation pattern doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<2718:VOTOMS>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Lau – volume: 50 start-page: 1661 year: 1993 ident: bib15 article-title: Rossby wave propagation on a realistic longitudinally varying flow doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<1661:RWPOAR>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Hoskins – volume: 41 start-page: 313 year: 1984 ident: bib20 article-title: Transient eddy forcing of the time-mean flow as identified by geopotential tendencies doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<0313:TEFOTT>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Lau – volume: 9 start-page: 084009 year: 2014 ident: bib35 article-title: Influence of the Gulf Stream on the Barents Sea ice retreat and Eurasian coldness during early winter doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084009 contributor: fullname: Sato – volume: 42A start-page: 343 year: 1990 ident: bib44 article-title: On the operational predictability of blocking contributor: fullname: Tibaldi |
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Snippet | In Part I of this study, the Ural blocking (UB)-induced amplification role of winter warm Arctic–cold Eurasian (WACE) anomalies has been examined. It was found... Abstract In Part I of this study, the Ural blocking (UB)-induced amplification role of winter warm Arctic–cold Eurasian (WACE) anomalies has been examined. It... In Part I of this study, the Ural blocking (UB)-induced amplification role of winter warm Arctic-cold Eurasian (WACE) anomalies has been examined. It was found... |
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SubjectTerms | Amplification Anomalies Atmospheric forcing Case studies Classification Cold Displacement Ice Marine North Atlantic Oscillation Ocean-atmosphere system Polar environments Temperature Ural blocking Wave packets Wave propagation Wave trains Winds Winter Zonal winds |
Subtitle | The Link to the North Atlantic Oscillation |
Title | Impact of Ural Blocking on Winter Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasian Anomalies. Part II |
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