Phytopathogenic fungus hosts a plant virus A naturally occurring cross-kingdom viral infection
The transmission of viral infections between plant and fungal hosts has been suspected to occur, based on phylogenetic and other findings, but has not been directly observed in nature. Here, we report the discovery of a natural infection of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by a plant vi...
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| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 114; no. 46; pp. 12267 - 12272 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
14.11.2017
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The transmission of viral infections between plant and fungal hosts has been suspected to occur, based on phylogenetic and other findings, but has not been directly observed in nature. Here, we report the discovery of a natural infection of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by a plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The CMV-infected R. solani strain was obtained from a potato plant growing in Inner Mongolia Province of China, and CMV infection was stable when this fungal strain was cultured in the laboratory. CMV was horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis but not vertically through basidiospores. By inoculation via protoplast transfection with virions, a reference isolate of CMV replicated in R. solani and another phytopathogenic fungus, suggesting that some fungi can serve as alternative hosts to CMV. Importantly, in fungal inoculation experiments under laboratory conditions, R. solani could acquire CMV from an infected plant, as well as transmit the virus to an uninfected plant. This study presents evidence of the transfer of a virus between plant and fungus, and it further expands our understanding of plant–fungus interactions and the spread of plant viruses. |
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| AbstractList | Virus cross-infection is an important topic in understanding the course of virus dissemination and evolution. Viruses may spread between the same host species or into taxonomically distinct organisms. The occurrences of cross-kingdom viral infection for certain virus groups are suggested by the current virus taxonomic data. In particular, several plants and fungal viruses show close phylogenetic relationships, but productive transmission of virus between plant and fungal hosts in nature has not been directly demonstrated. Here, we describe the natural infection of
Rhizoctonia solani
fungus by a plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). We further demonstrate that
R. solani
can acquire and transmit CMV during plant infection. Our findings are evidence of cross-kingdom virus transmission from the plant to fungus.
The transmission of viral infections between plant and fungal hosts has been suspected to occur, based on phylogenetic and other findings, but has not been directly observed in nature. Here, we report the discovery of a natural infection of the phytopathogenic fungus
Rhizoctonia solani
by a plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The CMV-infected
R. solani
strain was obtained from a potato plant growing in Inner Mongolia Province of China, and CMV infection was stable when this fungal strain was cultured in the laboratory. CMV was horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis but not vertically through basidiospores. By inoculation via protoplast transfection with virions, a reference isolate of CMV replicated in
R. solani
and another phytopathogenic fungus, suggesting that some fungi can serve as alternative hosts to CMV. Importantly, in fungal inoculation experiments under laboratory conditions,
R. solani
could acquire CMV from an infected plant, as well as transmit the virus to an uninfected plant. This study presents evidence of the transfer of a virus between plant and fungus, and it further expands our understanding of plant–fungus interactions and the spread of plant viruses. The transmission of viral infections between plant and fungal hosts has been suspected to occur, based on phylogenetic and other findings, but has not been directly observed in nature. Here, we report the discovery of a natural infection of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by a plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The CMV-infected R. solani strain was obtained from a potato plant growing in Inner Mongolia Province of China, and CMV infection was stable when this fungal strain was cultured in the laboratory. CMV was horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis but not vertically through basidiospores. By inoculation via protoplast transfection with virions, a reference isolate of CMV replicated in R. solani and another phytopathogenic fungus, suggesting that some fungi can serve as alternative hosts to CMV. Importantly, in fungal inoculation experiments under laboratory conditions, R. solani could acquire CMV from an infected plant, as well as transmit the virus to an uninfected plant. This study presents evidence of the transfer of a virus between plant and fungus, and it further expands our understanding of plant-fungus interactions and the spread of plant viruses. The transmission of viral infections between plant and fungal hosts has been suspected to occur, based on phylogenetic and other findings, but has not been directly observed in nature. Here, we report the discovery of a natural infection of the phytopathogenic fungus by a plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The CMV-infected strain was obtained from a potato plant growing in Inner Mongolia Province of China, and CMV infection was stable when this fungal strain was cultured in the laboratory. CMV was horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis but not vertically through basidiospores. By inoculation via protoplast transfection with virions, a reference isolate of CMV replicated in and another phytopathogenic fungus, suggesting that some fungi can serve as alternative hosts to CMV. Importantly, in fungal inoculation experiments under laboratory conditions, could acquire CMV from an infected plant, as well as transmit the virus to an uninfected plant. This study presents evidence of the transfer of a virus between plant and fungus, and it further expands our understanding of plant-fungus interactions and the spread of plant viruses. Significance Virus cross-infection is an important topic in understanding the course of virus dissemination and evolution. Viruses may spread between the same host species or into taxonomically distinct organisms. The occurrences of cross-kingdom viral infection for certain virus groups are suggested by the current virus taxonomic data. In particular, several plants and fungal viruses show close phylogenetic relationships, but productive transmission of virus between plant and fungal hosts in nature has not been directly demonstrated. Here, we describe the natural infection of Rhizoctonia solani fungus by a plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). We further demonstrate that R. solani can acquire and transmit CMV during plant infection. Our findings are evidence of cross-kingdom virus transmission from the plant to fungus. The transmission of viral infections between plant and fungal hosts has been suspected to occur, based on phylogenetic and other findings, but has not been directly observed in nature. Here, we report the discovery of a natural infection of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by a plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The CMV-infected R. solani strain was obtained from a potato plant growing in Inner Mongolia Province of China, and CMV infection was stable when this fungal strain was cultured in the laboratory. CMV was horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis but not vertically through basidiospores. By inoculation via protoplast transfection with virions, a reference isolate of CMV replicated in R. solani and another phytopathogenic fungus, suggesting that some fungi can serve as alternative hosts to CMV. Importantly, in fungal inoculation experiments under laboratory conditions, R. solani could acquire CMV from an infected plant, as well as transmit the virus to an uninfected plant. This study presents evidence of the transfer of a virus between plant and fungus, and it further expands our understanding of plant–fungus interactions and the spread of plant viruses. |
| Author | Kondo, Hideki Wei, Shuang Cao, Chunmei Salaipeth, Lakha Andika, Ida Bagus Sun, Liying |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ida Bagus surname: Andika fullname: Andika, Ida Bagus organization: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Shuang surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Shuang organization: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Chunmei surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Chunmei organization: Potato Research Center, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Lakha surname: Salaipeth fullname: Salaipeth, Lakha organization: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Hideki surname: Kondo fullname: Kondo, Hideki organization: Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Liying surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Liying organization: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29087346$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Volumes 1–89 and 106–114, copyright as a collective work only; author(s) retains copyright to individual articles Copyright National Academy of Sciences Nov 14, 2017 2017 |
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| Keywords | cross-kingdom transmission fungus plant virus |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by James L. Van Etten, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, and approved October 6, 2017 (received for review August 23, 2017) Author contributions: I.B.A. and L. Sun designed research; I.B.A., S.W., C.C., L. Salaipeth, and L. Sun performed research; I.B.A., H.K., and L. Sun analyzed data; and I.B.A., H.K., and L. Sun wrote the paper. |
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| Snippet | The transmission of viral infections between plant and fungal hosts has been suspected to occur, based on phylogenetic and other findings, but has not been... Significance Virus cross-infection is an important topic in understanding the course of virus dissemination and evolution. Viruses may spread between the same... Virus cross-infection is an important topic in understanding the course of virus dissemination and evolution. Viruses may spread between the same host species... |
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| SubjectTerms | Anastomosis Basidiospores Biological Sciences Fungi Infections Inoculation Pathogens Phylogeny Phytopathogenic fungi Plant diseases Plant viruses Potatoes Transfection Viral infections Virions Viruses |
| Subtitle | A naturally occurring cross-kingdom viral infection |
| Title | Phytopathogenic fungus hosts a plant virus |
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