The Elias University Hospital Approach: A Visual Guide to Ultrasound-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection in Spasticity: Part II—Proximal Upper Limb Muscles

• Published in: Toxins Vol. 17; no. 6; p. 276
• Main Authors: Popescu, Marius Nicolae, Căpeț, Claudiu, Beiu, Cristina, Berteanu, Mihai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 31.05.2025; MDPI
• Subjects: Botulinum toxin; Botulinum toxin type A; botulinum toxin-A injections; Botulinum Toxins, Type A - administration & dosage; Botulinum Toxins, Type A - therapeutic use; Care and treatment; Clinical medicine; Diseases; Dosage and administration; Drug therapy; Hospitals; Hospitals, University; Humans; Image quality; Injection; Injections, Intramuscular; Limbs; Morphology; Muscle Spasticity - diagnostic imaging; Muscle Spasticity - drug therapy; Muscle Spasticity - physiopathology; Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging; Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects; Muscles; musculoskeletal ultrasound; Neuromuscular Agents - administration & dosage; Physiological aspects; post-stroke spasticity; proximal upper limb muscles; Review; Spasticity; Toxins; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasonic waves; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Ultrasound; ultrasound-guided therapy; Upper Extremity - diagnostic imaging; Romania; United States > US; ultrasound-guided therapy; musculoskeletal ultrasound; proximal upper limb muscles; botulinum toxin-A injections; post-stroke spasticity

Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections play a critical role in the management of upper limb spasticity. This is the second part of ‘The Elias University Hospital Approach: A Visual Guide to Ultrasound-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection in Spasticity’ and it focuses on the proxima...