Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural America
Despite considerable social scientific attention to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on urbanized areas, very little research has examined its impact on rural populations. Yet rural communities—which make up tens of millions of people from diverse backgrounds in the United States—are among the n...
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| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 118; no. 1; pp. 1 - 6 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
05.01.2021
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Despite considerable social scientific attention to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on urbanized areas, very little research has examined its impact on rural populations. Yet rural communities—which make up tens of millions of people from diverse backgrounds in the United States—are among the nation’s most vulnerable populations and may be less resilient to the effects of such a large-scale exogenous shock. We address this critical knowledge gap with data from a new survey designed to assess the impacts of the pandemic on health-related and economic dimensions of rural well-being in the North American West. Notably, we find that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural populations have been severe, with significant negative impacts on unemployment, overall life satisfaction, mental health, and economic outlook. Further, we find that these impacts have been generally consistent across age, ethnicity, education, and sex. We discuss how these findings constitute the beginning of a much larger interdisciplinary COVID-19 research effort that integrates rural areas and pushes beyond the predominant focus on cities and nation-states. |
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| AbstractList | Despite considerable social scientific attention to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on urbanized areas, very little research has examined its impact on rural populations. Yet rural communities-which make up tens of millions of people from diverse backgrounds in the United States-are among the nation's most vulnerable populations and may be less resilient to the effects of such a large-scale exogenous shock. We address this critical knowledge gap with data from a new survey designed to assess the impacts of the pandemic on health-related and economic dimensions of rural well-being in the North American West. Notably, we find that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural populations have been severe, with significant negative impacts on unemployment, overall life satisfaction, mental health, and economic outlook. Further, we find that these impacts have been generally consistent across age, ethnicity, education, and sex. We discuss how these findings constitute the beginning of a much larger interdisciplinary COVID-19 research effort that integrates rural areas and pushes beyond the predominant focus on cities and nation-states. Rural people have been left out of the vast majority of research on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, our evidence-based understanding of the pandemic in the United States is incomplete, and rural recovery policies risk being informed by anecdotal or urban-centric information. We begin to complete this picture by measuring and assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural well-being in the North American West. Findings show there have been significant impacts on health-related and economic dimensions of well-being, and that these impacts are shared across sex, age, ethnicity, and education. Despite considerable social scientific attention to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on urbanized areas, very little research has examined its impact on rural populations. Yet rural communities—which make up tens of millions of people from diverse backgrounds in the United States—are among the nation’s most vulnerable populations and may be less resilient to the effects of such a large-scale exogenous shock. We address this critical knowledge gap with data from a new survey designed to assess the impacts of the pandemic on health-related and economic dimensions of rural well-being in the North American West. Notably, we find that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural populations have been severe, with significant negative impacts on unemployment, overall life satisfaction, mental health, and economic outlook. Further, we find that these impacts have been generally consistent across age, ethnicity, education, and sex. We discuss how these findings constitute the beginning of a much larger interdisciplinary COVID-19 research effort that integrates rural areas and pushes beyond the predominant focus on cities and nation-states. |
| Author | McConnell, Kathryn Mueller, J. Tom Pofahl, Katie Merdjanoff, Alexis A. Farrell, Justin Burow, Paul Berne |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: J. Tom surname: Mueller fullname: Mueller, J. Tom – sequence: 2 givenname: Kathryn surname: McConnell fullname: McConnell, Kathryn – sequence: 3 givenname: Paul Berne surname: Burow fullname: Burow, Paul Berne – sequence: 4 givenname: Katie surname: Pofahl fullname: Pofahl, Katie – sequence: 5 givenname: Alexis A. surname: Merdjanoff fullname: Merdjanoff, Alexis A. – sequence: 6 givenname: Justin surname: Farrell fullname: Farrell, Justin |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33328335$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jan 5, 2021 2021 |
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| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2019378118 |
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| Keywords | COVID-19 well-being health economy rural America |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by Douglas S. Massey, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved November 25, 2020 (received for review September 16, 2020) Author contributions: J.T.M., K.M., P.B.B., K.P., A.A.M., and J.F. designed research; J.T.M. and K.M. performed research; J.T.M., K.M., and P.B.B. analyzed data; and J.T.M., K.M., P.B.B., K.P., A.A.M., and J.F. wrote the paper. |
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| References_xml | – year: 2020 ident: e_1_3_4_15_2 article-title: Treating COVID-19 in rural America publication-title: J. Rural Health contributor: fullname: Dandachi D. – start-page: 329 volume-title: The Sage Handbook of Survey Methods year: 2016 ident: e_1_3_4_45_2 doi: 10.4135/9781473957893.n22 contributor: fullname: Vehovar V. – ident: e_1_3_4_20_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_2_2 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124279 – ident: e_1_3_4_12_2 doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa156 – ident: e_1_3_4_35_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.02.007 – ident: e_1_3_4_42_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_48_2 doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.019 – ident: e_1_3_4_31_2 doi: 10.1111/jrh.12511 – start-page: 32 year: 1993 ident: e_1_3_4_40_2 article-title: What role does consumer sentiment play in the US macroeconomy? publication-title: N. Engl. Econ. Rev. contributor: fullname: Fuhrer J. C. – ident: e_1_3_4_50_2 doi: 10.1002/sim.3471 – ident: e_1_3_4_32_2 doi: 10.1111/jrh.12486 – ident: e_1_3_4_44_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_41_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_33_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_47_2 doi: 10.1080/08941920.2019.1587127 – ident: e_1_3_4_36_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_39_2 – start-page: 253 volume-title: Rural Families and Communities in the United States: Facing Challenges and Leveraging Opportunities year: 2020 ident: e_1_3_4_3_2 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-37689-5_10 contributor: fullname: Brooks M. M. – ident: e_1_3_4_24_2 doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150208 – year: 2020 ident: e_1_3_4_16_2 article-title: A commentary on rural-urban disparities in COVID-19 testing rates per 100,000 and risk factors publication-title: J. Rural Health contributor: fullname: Souch J. M. – ident: e_1_3_4_51_2 doi: 10.18128/D050.V15.0 – ident: e_1_3_4_23_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1549-0831.2012.00070.x – ident: e_1_3_4_13_2 doi: 10.1080/08959420.2020.1770036 – start-page: 1 year: 2020 ident: e_1_3_4_26_2 article-title: A demographic lifeline? Immigration and Hispanic population growth in rural America publication-title: Popul. Res. Policy Rev. contributor: fullname: Lichter D. T. – ident: e_1_3_4_10_2 doi: 10.7312/tick17222-015 – ident: e_1_3_4_7_2 doi: 10.1111/jrh.12185 – ident: e_1_3_4_30_2 doi: 10.7312/tick17222 – ident: e_1_3_4_5_2 doi: 10.1526/003601104322919883 – volume: 31 start-page: 8 year: 2016 ident: e_1_3_4_18_2 article-title: Moving survey methodology forward in our rapidly changing world: A commentary publication-title: J. Rural Soc. Sci. contributor: fullname: Dillman D. A. – ident: e_1_3_4_14_2 doi: 10.1111/jrh.12477 – volume-title: Rural People and Communities in the 21st Century: Resilience and Transformation year: 2019 ident: e_1_3_4_43_2 contributor: fullname: Brown D. L. – ident: e_1_3_4_8_2 doi: 10.7312/tick17222-004 – start-page: 661 volume-title: Rural America in a Globalizing World: Problems and Prospects for the 2010s year: 2014 ident: e_1_3_4_11_2 contributor: fullname: Berry E. – start-page: 208 volume-title: Rural America in a Globalizing World year: 2014 ident: e_1_3_4_28_2 contributor: fullname: Krannich R. S. – volume-title: Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys. American Association for Public Opinion Research year: 2016 ident: e_1_3_4_46_2 contributor: fullname: The American Association for Public Opinion Research – ident: e_1_3_4_49_2 doi: 10.1002/hrm.21796 – volume-title: Billionaire Wilderness: The Ultra-Wealthy and the Remaking of the American West year: 2020 ident: e_1_3_4_27_2 contributor: fullname: Farrell J. – ident: e_1_3_4_19_2 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab4030 – ident: e_1_3_4_38_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2006991117 – ident: e_1_3_4_6_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2012.00446.x – ident: e_1_3_4_4_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1549-0831.1996.tb00608.x – ident: e_1_3_4_9_2 doi: 10.7312/tick17222-026 – ident: e_1_3_4_17_2 doi: 10.1177/0160017606290359 – ident: e_1_3_4_25_2 doi: 10.1002/psp.520 – ident: e_1_3_4_29_2 doi: 10.1111/ruso.12357 – ident: e_1_3_4_34_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.02.008 – ident: e_1_3_4_37_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.02.009 – volume-title: American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492 year: 1987 ident: e_1_3_4_22_2 contributor: fullname: Thorton R. – ident: e_1_3_4_21_2 doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010641 – ident: e_1_3_4_1_2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30893-X |
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| Snippet | Despite considerable social scientific attention to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on urbanized areas, very little research has examined its impact on... Rural people have been left out of the vast majority of research on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, our evidence-based understanding of the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Coronaviruses COVID-19 Economic conditions Economic forecasting Female Humans Male Medical research Mental Health Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Pandemics Populations Public Opinion Rural areas Rural communities Rural Health Rural Population Rural populations Self Report Social Sciences Unemployment United States Young Adult |
| Title | Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural America |
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