Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group (MSTCG): position statement on disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (white paper)

Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal/neuronal damage. The approval of various disease-modifying therapies and our increased understanding of disease mechanisms and evolution in recent years h...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inTherapeutic advances in neurological disorders Vol. 14; p. 17562864211039648
Main Authors Wiendl, Heinz, Gold, Ralf, Berger, Thomas, Derfuss, Tobias, Linker, Ralf, Mäurer, Mathias, Aktas, Orhan, Baum, Karl, Berghoff, Martin, Bittner, Stefan, Chan, Andrew, Czaplinski, Adam, Deisenhammer, Florian, Di Pauli, Franziska, Du Pasquier, Renaud, Enzinger, Christian, Fertl, Elisabeth, Gass, Achim, Gehring, Klaus, Gobbi, Claudio, Goebels, Norbert, Guger, Michael, Haghikia, Aiden, Hartung, Hans-Peter, Heidenreich, Fedor, Hoffmann, Olaf, Kallmann, Boris, Kleinschnitz, Christoph, Klotz, Luisa, Leussink, Verena I., Leutmezer, Fritz, Limmroth, Volker, Lünemann, Jan D., Lutterotti, Andreas, Meuth, Sven G., Meyding-Lamadé, Uta, Platten, Michael, Rieckmann, Peter, Schmidt, Stephan, Tumani, Hayrettin, Weber, Frank, Weber, Martin S., Zettl, Uwe K., Ziemssen, Tjalf, Zipp, Frauke
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England SAGE Publications 2021
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
SAGE Publishing
Subjects
Central nervous system
Demyelination
Inflammation
Multiple sclerosis
Review
treatment recommendation
multiple sclerosis
disease-modifying therapy
guideline
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal/neuronal damage. The approval of various disease-modifying therapies and our increased understanding of disease mechanisms and evolution in recent years have significantly changed the prognosis and course of the disease. This update of the Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group treatment recommendation focuses on the most important recommendations for disease-modifying therapies of multiple sclerosis in 2021. Our recommendations are based on current scientific evidence and apply to those medications approved in wide parts of Europe, particularly German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland).
AbstractList Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal/neuronal damage. The approval of various disease-modifying therapies and our increased understanding of disease mechanisms and evolution in recent years have significantly changed the prognosis and course of the disease. This update of the Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group treatment recommendation focuses on the most important recommendations for disease-modifying therapies of multiple sclerosis in 2021. Our recommendations are based on current scientific evidence and apply to those medications approved in wide parts of Europe, particularly German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland).
Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal/neuronal damage. The approval of various disease-modifying therapies and our increased understanding of disease mechanisms and evolution in recent years have significantly changed the prognosis and course of the disease. This update of the Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group treatment recommendation focuses on the most important recommendations for disease-modifying therapies of multiple sclerosis in 2021. Our recommendations are based on current scientific evidence and apply to those medications approved in wide parts of Europe, particularly German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland).Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal/neuronal damage. The approval of various disease-modifying therapies and our increased understanding of disease mechanisms and evolution in recent years have significantly changed the prognosis and course of the disease. This update of the Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group treatment recommendation focuses on the most important recommendations for disease-modifying therapies of multiple sclerosis in 2021. Our recommendations are based on current scientific evidence and apply to those medications approved in wide parts of Europe, particularly German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland).
Author Tumani, Hayrettin
Weber, Frank
Weber, Martin S.
Goebels, Norbert
Lutterotti, Andreas
Gehring, Klaus
Gold, Ralf
Linker, Ralf
Guger, Michael
Rieckmann, Peter
Zipp, Frauke
Meuth, Sven G.
Limmroth, Volker
Baum, Karl
Meyding-Lamadé, Uta
Enzinger, Christian
Schmidt, Stephan
Bittner, Stefan
Heidenreich, Fedor
Hartung, Hans-Peter
Berghoff, Martin
Leussink, Verena I.
Czaplinski, Adam
Leutmezer, Fritz
Kleinschnitz, Christoph
Klotz, Luisa
Zettl, Uwe K.
Deisenhammer, Florian
Hoffmann, Olaf
Di Pauli, Franziska
Aktas, Orhan
Gass, Achim
Haghikia, Aiden
Platten, Michael
Mäurer, Mathias
Fertl, Elisabeth
Berger, Thomas
Derfuss, Tobias
Chan, Andrew
Lünemann, Jan D.
Ziemssen, Tjalf
Wiendl, Heinz
Gobbi, Claudio
Kallmann, Boris
Du Pasquier, Renaud
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Heinz
  surname: Wiendl
  fullname: Wiendl, Heinz
  email: wiendl@uni-muenster.de
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie mit Institut für Translationale Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149 Münster
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Ralf
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7223-3052
  surname: Gold
  fullname: Gold, Ralf
  email: ralf.gold@rub.de
  organization: Neurologie, St. Josef-Hospital, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Thomas
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5626-1144
  surname: Berger
  fullname: Berger, Thomas
  organization: Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tobias
  surname: Derfuss
  fullname: Derfuss, Tobias
  organization: Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Ralf
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8740-3106
  surname: Linker
  fullname: Linker, Ralf
  organization: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Mathias
  surname: Mäurer
  fullname: Mäurer, Mathias
  organization: Neurologie und Neurologische Frührehabilitation, Klinikum Würzburg Mitte gGmbH, Standort Juliusspital, Würzburg, Germany
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Orhan
  surname: Aktas
  fullname: Aktas, Orhan
  organization: Neurologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Karl
  surname: Baum
  fullname: Baum, Karl
  organization: Neurologie, Klinik Hennigsdorf, Hennigsdorf, Germany
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Martin
  surname: Berghoff
  fullname: Berghoff, Martin
  organization: Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen, Gießen, Germany
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Stefan
  surname: Bittner
  fullname: Bittner, Stefan
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Andrew
  surname: Chan
  fullname: Chan, Andrew
  organization: Neurologie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Adam
  surname: Czaplinski
  fullname: Czaplinski, Adam
  organization: Neurologie FMH, Bellevue Medical Group, Zürich, Switzerland
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Florian
  surname: Deisenhammer
  fullname: Deisenhammer, Florian
  organization: Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Innsbruck, Austria
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Franziska
  surname: Di Pauli
  fullname: Di Pauli, Franziska
  organization: Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Innsbruck, Austria
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Renaud
  surname: Du Pasquier
  fullname: Du Pasquier, Renaud
  organization: Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Lausanne, Switzerland
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Christian
  surname: Enzinger
  fullname: Enzinger, Christian
  organization: Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Elisabeth
  surname: Fertl
  fullname: Fertl, Elisabeth
  organization: Wiener Gesundheitsverbund, Neurologische Abteilung, Wien, Austria
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Achim
  surname: Gass
  fullname: Gass, Achim
  organization: Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim/Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Klaus
  surname: Gehring
  fullname: Gehring, Klaus
  organization: Berufsverband Deutscher Nervenärzte (BVDN), Neurozentrum am Klosterforst, Itzehoe, Germany
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Claudio
  surname: Gobbi
  fullname: Gobbi, Claudio
  organization: Neurologe, Lugano, Switzerland
– sequence: 21
  givenname: Norbert
  surname: Goebels
  fullname: Goebels, Norbert
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
– sequence: 22
  givenname: Michael
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8219-781X
  surname: Guger
  fullname: Guger, Michael
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie 2, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria
– sequence: 23
  givenname: Aiden
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0614-6989
  surname: Haghikia
  fullname: Haghikia, Aiden
  organization: Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Magdeburg, Germany
– sequence: 24
  givenname: Hans-Peter
  surname: Hartung
  fullname: Hartung, Hans-Peter
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Klinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
– sequence: 25
  givenname: Fedor
  surname: Heidenreich
  fullname: Heidenreich, Fedor
  organization: Diakovere Krankenhaus, Henriettenstift, Klinik für Neurologie und klinische Neurophysiologie, Hannover, Germany
– sequence: 26
  givenname: Olaf
  surname: Hoffmann
  fullname: Hoffmann, Olaf
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie, Alexianer St. Josefs-Krankenhaus Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
– sequence: 27
  givenname: Boris
  surname: Kallmann
  fullname: Kallmann, Boris
  organization: Kallmann Neurologie, Multiple Sklerose Zentrum Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
– sequence: 28
  givenname: Christoph
  surname: Kleinschnitz
  fullname: Kleinschnitz, Christoph
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR), Essen, Germany
– sequence: 29
  givenname: Luisa
  surname: Klotz
  fullname: Klotz, Luisa
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie mit Institut für Translationale Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
– sequence: 30
  givenname: Verena I.
  surname: Leussink
  fullname: Leussink, Verena I.
  organization: Neurologie in Meerbusch, MS-Zentrum, Meerbusch, Germany
– sequence: 31
  givenname: Fritz
  surname: Leutmezer
  fullname: Leutmezer, Fritz
  organization: Neurologie, Universitäts-Klinik für Neurologie Wien, Wien, Austria
– sequence: 32
  givenname: Volker
  surname: Limmroth
  fullname: Limmroth, Volker
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie, Krankenhaus Köln-Merheim, Köln, Germany
– sequence: 33
  givenname: Jan D.
  surname: Lünemann
  fullname: Lünemann, Jan D.
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie mit Institut für Translationale Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
– sequence: 34
  givenname: Andreas
  surname: Lutterotti
  fullname: Lutterotti, Andreas
  organization: Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
– sequence: 35
  givenname: Sven G.
  surname: Meuth
  fullname: Meuth, Sven G.
  organization: Neurologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
– sequence: 36
  givenname: Uta
  surname: Meyding-Lamadé
  fullname: Meyding-Lamadé, Uta
  organization: Neurologie, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
– sequence: 37
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Platten
  fullname: Platten, Michael
  organization: Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim/Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
– sequence: 38
  givenname: Peter
  surname: Rieckmann
  fullname: Rieckmann, Peter
  organization: Medical Park, Fachklinik für Neurologie, Zentrum für Klinische Neuroplastizität, Bischofswiesen, Germany
– sequence: 39
  givenname: Stephan
  surname: Schmidt
  fullname: Schmidt, Stephan
  organization: Neurologie, Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany
– sequence: 40
  givenname: Hayrettin
  surname: Tumani
  fullname: Tumani, Hayrettin
  organization: Fachklinik für Neurologie Dietenbronn, Akademisches Krankenhaus der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
– sequence: 41
  givenname: Frank
  surname: Weber
  fullname: Weber, Frank
  organization: Neurologie, Sana Kliniken, Cham, Switzerland
– sequence: 42
  givenname: Martin S.
  surname: Weber
  fullname: Weber, Martin S.
  organization: Institut für Neuropathologie, Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
– sequence: 43
  givenname: Uwe K.
  surname: Zettl
  fullname: Zettl, Uwe K.
  organization: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Zentrum für Nervenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
– sequence: 44
  givenname: Tjalf
  surname: Ziemssen
  fullname: Ziemssen, Tjalf
  organization: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
– sequence: 45
  givenname: Frauke
  surname: Zipp
  fullname: Zipp, Frauke
  email: zipp@uni-mainz.de
  organization: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
BookMark eNp9Uk1v1DAQjVAR_YAfwM0Sl-1hS_wdc0CqVrBUasWhy9lynMmuV0kcbAe0f4FfjbdbCi0CX2yP33vzPDOnxdHgByiK17i8wFjKt1hyQSrBCMYlVYJVz4qTfWy-Dx79cT4uTmPclqUgkpUvimPKGMkkclL8uJm65MYO0K3tIPjoIlptIJhxhxZ-iDDEKaJl8NOIZje3q8Xy_B0aMyw5P6CYTIIehoTypXERTIR57xvX7tywRulOyEFErQ-o_5UpPmSafd-4BGg0I4Tzl8Xz1nQRXt3vZ8WXjx9Wi0_z68_Lq8Xl9dzyUqU5rTE0plakbnmVFydScZX_JSypbMsMIRWVqrGKUQG0YsxayrBRreJYlSU9K64Ouo03Wz0G15uw0944fRfwYa1NSC6b1BaA89ZUsuSYNU1V1wy3jBIBzIKgkLXeH7TGqe6hsbkUwXSPRB-_DG6j1_6bzhYlJXszs3uB4L9OEJPuXbTQdWYAP0VNuKASc0xIhr55At36KQy5VJoITAmTUomMwgeUzSWOAdoHM7jU-6nRf01N5sgnHOtyZ3OHs2fX_Zd5cWBGs4bffv5N-AlTg9Rr
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2022_844873
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00330_023_10151_y
crossref_primary_10_1590_0004_282x_anp_2022_s128
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2024_105703
crossref_primary_10_1017_cjn_2022_60
crossref_primary_10_2147_OPTH_S442749
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clineuro_2024_108249
crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000210049
crossref_primary_10_1111_cns_70111
crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm12010335
crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_27143
crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics14030592
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lanepe_2024_100891
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13023_023_02789_0
crossref_primary_10_35366_113414
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864241239453
crossref_primary_10_1016_S1474_4422_23_00281_8
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864241233858
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1209923
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jns_2025_123426
crossref_primary_10_1080_1028415X_2023_2201026
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42451_023_00543_1
crossref_primary_10_37349_en_2023_00020
crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_70038
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864241284372
crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000209574
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2021_056666
crossref_primary_10_29235_1818_9857_2023_02_75_83
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864231180734
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12883_023_03184_9
crossref_primary_10_3390_jpm12071100
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autrev_2025_103754
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40478_024_01864_2
crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000200970
crossref_primary_10_1002_eji_202250234
crossref_primary_10_3390_ph15040461
crossref_primary_10_1055_a_1903_4483
crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000210142
crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2021_796378
crossref_primary_10_2147_PPA_S452849
crossref_primary_10_1002_jgm_3484
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_024_12270_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph192114549
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neurol_2024_03_009
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_banm_2022_01_031
crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers16030574
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2023_104841
crossref_primary_10_3390_medicina60010006
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2023_104564
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40120_024_00654_1
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcell_2025_1517369
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40120_022_00430_z
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24087247
crossref_primary_10_2174_1570159X21666230322140711
crossref_primary_10_1177_15459683241260724
crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics16010003
crossref_primary_10_1080_03007995_2024_2339938
crossref_primary_10_1111_cns_70167
crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines11020606
crossref_primary_10_1080_1744666X_2023_2248391
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40263_024_01116_w
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864241229325
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2023_104771
crossref_primary_10_17116_jnevro202512502158
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuri_2024_100177
crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_23_01473_3
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12974_023_02859_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2025_106278
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2024_106153
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_931831
crossref_primary_10_3233_MNM_230098
crossref_primary_10_1177_20552173251315457
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864241237857
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42451_021_00394_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nrl_2023_06_001
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1129906
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864221135305
crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofae316
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_024_12256_w
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2022_103715
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_45454
crossref_primary_10_17116_jnevro20221220725
crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules27051643
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jconrel_2023_10_052
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2022_871535
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_41271_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2025_106284
crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_15913
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2022_104230
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41582_022_00735_5
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40120_024_00680_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2025_106334
crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2022_872684
crossref_primary_10_3390_jpm14040409
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_024_12305_4
crossref_primary_10_14412_2074_2711_2023_6_146_150
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864241239117
crossref_primary_10_31083_j_fbl2911386
crossref_primary_10_1177_13524585241227372
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13311_022_01224_9
crossref_primary_10_1177_20552173231191170
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_023_11644_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2022_104468
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2023_104881
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nrleng_2024_01_003
crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm12020595
crossref_primary_10_1007_s15005_023_3454_x
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12974_022_02635_3
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0031182024000210
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40120_024_00589_7
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2023_104803
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2024_105638
crossref_primary_10_1177_20406223221108391
crossref_primary_10_1002_14651858_CD013606_pub2
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12974_024_03294_2
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864241286497
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11055_023_01429_1
crossref_primary_10_1177_20552173221085741
crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2022_1016377
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864231214041
crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000209752
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym14245475
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864241239740
Cites_doi 10.1038/s41572-018-0041-4
10.1056/NEJMoa044397
10.1002/ana.25637
10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.025
10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30151-6
10.1212/WNL.0000000000008243
10.1016/j.msard.2014.06.005
10.1177/1352458520988637
10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2
10.1007/s40120-019-00160-9
10.1177/1756286420915005
10.1212/01.wnl.0000496643.57775.41
10.1093/brain/awaa231
10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.4147
10.17433/978-3-17-035371-8
10.1038/s41582-018-0026-7
10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829e6fbf
10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70005-5
10.1038/s41582-019-0194-0
10.1212/WNL.0000000000000560
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01560
10.1177/1756286420922685
10.1212/WNL.0000000000001856
10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70191-7
10.1136/jnnp-2014-307721
10.1007/s00103-019-02905-1
10.1177/1756286419837809
10.1056/NEJMoa1606468
10.1371/journal.pone.0088472
10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30282-X
10.1007/s00415-020-09762-y
10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61768-1
10.1177/2514183X18822073
10.1177/1756285615600381
10.1177/1352458517751049
10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0330
10.1016/j.ensci.2017.05.002
10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00095-8
10.1186/s12883-019-1354-y
10.1056/NEJMoa0902533
10.1212/WNL.0000000000006810
10.1212/WNL.0000000000011242
10.1177/1352458518790390
10.1212/WNL.92.15_supplement.P3.2-095
10.1136/jnnp-2013-306222
10.1126/science.abf4063
10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.3365
10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1568
10.1177/1352458520918489
10.1002/ana.24286
10.1111/ene.14824
10.1212/WNL.0000000000003739
10.1038/s41573-019-0035-2
10.1212/01.wnl.0000200778.65597.ae
10.1038/sc.2014.155
10.1177/1352458520941485
10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2581
10.1038/nrneurol.2015.157
10.1080/14737175.2018.1438190
10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182583022
10.1212/NXI.0000000000000555
10.1177/1352458516675039
10.1212/WNL.0000000000001302
10.1212/WNL.0000000000004354
10.1111/eci.12450
10.1093/brain/awaa251
10.1212/WNL.0000000000003078
10.1177/1756286420969016
10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30382-9
10.1001/jama.2018.18743
10.1056/NEJM200009283431301
10.1001/jama.2020.26858
10.1212/WNL.0000000000010376
10.1002/acn3.180
10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0688
10.1212/01.wnl.0000237641.33768.8d
10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102807
10.1371/journal.pone.0116511
10.1177/1756286419892077
10.1007/s00415-013-6932-0
10.1056/NEJMoa0907839
10.1080/13550280290167894
10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03648.x
10.1212/WNL.0000000000004381
10.1038/s41582-020-0385-8
10.1177/1352458519877810
10.1212/01.wnl.0000335764.14513.1a
10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61194-5
10.1212/WNL.0000000000010380
10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70237-6
10.1111/cns.12474
10.1038/s41582-019-0268-z
10.1097/WCO.0000000000000333
10.1177/1756286419836571
10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30067-3
10.1177/1352458511417481
10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30342-2
10.1177/1352458517728814
10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30481-1
10.1136/jnnp-2019-322326
10.1080/03007995.2018.1458023
10.1177/1756286420951072
10.1056/NEJMoa1601277
10.1001/jama.2018.20588
10.1212/WNL.0000000000004969
10.1016/j.msard.2017.01.006
10.1212/WNL.0000000000006902
10.1136/jnnp-2020
10.1007/s001150050729
10.1177/1352458511399611
10.1136/jnnp-2016-313760
10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30475-6
10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70262-9
10.1111/ene.13536
10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61259-9
10.1038/nrneurol.2016.188
10.1007/s00415-015-7970-6
10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824e8ee7
10.1038/nrneurol.2017.81
10.1038/s41582-020-0314-x
10.1002/ana.24682
10.1007/s00115-014-4097-4
10.1212/WNL.0000000000005347
10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4905
10.1016/j.msard.2017.12.016
10.1016/j.msard.2018.07.040
10.1111/ene.13692
10.1080/14740338.2017.1311321
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s), 2021
The Author(s), 2021. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
The Author(s), 2021.
The Author(s), 2021 2021 SAGE Publications Ltd unless otherwise noted. Manuscript content on this site is licensed under Creative Commons Licenses
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s), 2021
– notice: The Author(s), 2021. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: The Author(s), 2021.
– notice: The Author(s), 2021 2021 SAGE Publications Ltd unless otherwise noted. Manuscript content on this site is licensed under Creative Commons Licenses
CorporateAuthor for the ‘Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group’ (MSTCG)
CorporateAuthor_xml – name: for the ‘Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group’ (MSTCG)
DBID AFRWT
AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7TK
7X7
7XB
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
K9.
M0S
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PSYQQ
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1177/17562864211039648
DatabaseName Sage Open Access Journals (Free internet resource, activated by CARLI)
CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Neurosciences Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest One Psychology
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Psychology
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Neurosciences Abstracts
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
Health Research Premium Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE - Academic


CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: AFRWT
  name: Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024
  url: http://journals.sagepub.com/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 3
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 1756-2864
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_cee55fa870514dd8bb41f4326e4ce63e
PMC8377320
10_1177_17562864211039648
10.1177_17562864211039648
GroupedDBID ---
-TM
01A
0R~
123
18M
29Q
4.4
53G
54M
5VS
7X7
8FI
8FJ
AABMB
AADUE
AAKDD
AAQDB
AARDL
AARIX
AASGM
ABAWP
ABEIX
ABFWQ
ABJIS
ABKRH
ABNCE
ABQXT
ABRHV
ABUWG
ABVFX
ACARO
ACDSZ
ACDXX
ACGFS
ACOFE
ACROE
ACRPL
ADBBV
ADEBD
ADNMO
ADOGD
ADYCS
ADZZY
AENEX
AEQLS
AERKM
AEUHG
AEWDL
AEXNY
AFCOW
AFEET
AFKRA
AFKRG
AFRWT
AFUIA
AFWMB
AGNHF
AGQPQ
AHHFK
AJUZI
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
ARTOV
ASPBG
AUTPY
AUVAJ
AVWKF
AYAKG
AZFZN
B8M
BAWUL
BCNDV
BDDNI
BENPR
BKSCU
BPHCQ
BSEHC
BVXVI
CAG
CCPQU
CDWPY
CFDXU
COF
CS3
DC-
DC.
DIK
DOPDO
E3Z
EBS
EJD
EMOBN
F5P
FEDTE
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION
GX1
H13
HMCUK
HVGLF
HYE
HZ~
J8X
K.F
N9A
O9-
OK1
P.B
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PSYQQ
ROL
RPM
S01
SAUOL
SCDPB
SCNPE
SFC
UKHRP
ZONMY
ZPPRI
ZRKOI
ZSSAH
AAYXX
ACHEB
CITATION
3V.
7TK
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
DWQXO
K9.
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-3b1edab92bf588885279597406c28cf4a228379dc9436e3844cc341a9f9519003
IEDL.DBID 7X7
ISSN 1756-2864
1756-2856
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:25:02 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 13:59:01 EDT 2025
Thu Jul 10 22:09:53 EDT 2025
Mon Jun 30 11:56:11 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 05:26:17 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:50:58 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 17 22:26:18 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords treatment recommendation
multiple sclerosis
disease-modifying therapy
guideline
Language English
License This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c509t-3b1edab92bf588885279597406c28cf4a228379dc9436e3844cc341a9f9519003
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0001-5626-1144
0000-0002-0614-6989
0000-0001-8219-781X
0000-0002-8740-3106
0000-0002-7223-3052
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2613247796?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PMID 34422112
PQID 2613247796
PQPubID 4450847
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_cee55fa870514dd8bb41f4326e4ce63e
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8377320
proquest_miscellaneous_2563715122
proquest_journals_2613247796
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864211039648
crossref_citationtrail_10_1177_17562864211039648
sage_journals_10_1177_17562864211039648
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-00-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2021
  text: 2021-00-00
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London, England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London, England
– name: London
– name: Sage UK: London, England
PublicationTitle Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher SAGE Publications
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
SAGE Publishing
Publisher_xml – name: SAGE Publications
– name: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
– name: SAGE Publishing
References Bittner, Zipp 2018; 14
Gasperini, Prosperini, Tintoré 2019; 92
Bar-Or, Calkwood, Chognot 2020; 95
Wattjes, Rovira Miller, Yousry 2015; 11
Berger 2017; 12
Hellwig, Geissbuehler, Sabidó 2020; 267
Kappos, Mehling, Arroyo 2015; 84
Klotz, Havla, Schwab 2019; 12
Dahlke, Arnold, Aarden 2021
Polman, O’Connor, Havrdova 2006; 354
Wattjes, Ciccarelli, Reich 2021; 20
Tsivgoulis, Katsanos, Grigoriadis 2015; 10
Montalban, Hauser, Kappos 2017; 376
Wolinsky, Arnold, Brochet 2020; 19
Comi, Martinelli, Rodegher 2009; 374
Gold, Arnold, Bar-Or 2020; 13
Jacobs, Beck, Simon 2000; 343
Zipp, Oh, Fragoso 2019; 15
Miller, Wolinsky, Kappos 2014; 13
Montalban, Gold, Thompson 2018; 25
Kister, Spelman, Alroughani 2016; 87
Montalban, Gold, Thompson 2018; 24
Grand’Maison, Yeung, Morrow 2018; 34
Brown, Coles, Horakova 2019; 321
Petersen, Wittmann, Arndt 2014; 85
He, Spelman, Jokubaitis 2015; 72
He, Merkel, Brown 2020; 19
Fox, Edwards, Burch 2014; 3
Edan, Kappos, Montalbán 2014; 85
Cohen, Barkhof, Comi 2013; 260
Trampe, Hemmelmann, Stroet 2012; 78
Wagner, Assmus, Arendt 2019; 62
Cohen, Barkhof, Comi 2010; 362
Vermersch, Eralinna, Nicholas 2020; 405
Schwab, Schneider-Hohendorf, Melzer 2017; 88
Campbell, Cohen, Wiendl 2019; 92
Okuda, Mowry, Beheshtian 2009; 72
Kolb-Mäurer, Sunderkötter, Kukowski 2019; 19
Thompson, Banwell, Barkhof 2018; 17
Sastre-Garriga, Pareto, Battaglini 2020; 16
Kappos, Freedman, Polman 2007; 370
Trojano, Tintore, Montalban 2017; 13
Muraro, Martin, Mancardi 2017; 13
Korsukewitz, Reddel, Bar-Or 2020; 16
Faissner, Plemel, Gold 2019; 18
von Wyl, Benkert, Moser 2021; 27
Harding, Williams, Willis 2019; 76
Akgün, Kretschmann, Haase 2019; 6
Kalincik, Diouf, Sharmin 2021; 96
Kappos, Polman, Freedman 2006; 67
Filippi, Bar-Or, Piehl 2018; 4
Ryerson, Foley, Chang 2019; 93
Giovannoni, Comi, Cook 2010; 362
Pfeuffer, Ruck, Pul 2021
Prosperini, Kinkel, Miravalle 2019; 12
Beiki, Frumento, Bottai 2019; 76
McGinley, Goldschmidt, Rae-Grant 2021; 325
Chalmer, Baggesen, Nørgaard 2018; 25
Hakkarainen, Juuti, Burkill 2020; 13
Reynders, D’haeseleer, De Keyser 2017; 7
Rae-Grant, Day, Marrie 2018; 90
Miller 2016; 22
Kappos, Bar-Or, Cree 2018; 391
Jokubaitis, Spelman, Kalincik 2016; 80
Lünemann, Ruck, Muraro 2020; 16
Peeters, Parciak, Walton 2020; 26
Tuohy, Costelloe, Hill-Cawthorne 2015; 86
Thöne, Thiel, Gold 2017; 16
Tsivgoulis, Katsanos, Grigoriadis 2015; 8
Patti, Visconti, Capacchione 2020; 13
Hauser, Bar-Or, Comi 2017; 376
Rommer, Kamin, Abu-Mugheisib 2016; 22
Bittner, Steffen, Uphaus 2020; 56
Coles, Twyman, Arnold 2012; 380
Achtnichts, Chan, Czaplinski 2019; 3
Barry, Erwin, Stevens 2019; 8
Lohmann, Janoschka, Schulte-Mecklenbeck 2018 1560; 9
Plavina, Subramanyam, Bloomgren 2014; 76
Zhang, Gonzalez Caldito, Shirani 2020; 13
Fox, Wynn, Coles 2016; 363
Louapre, Collongues, Stankoff 2020; 77
Spelman, Kalincik, Zhang 2015; 2
Butzkueven, Spelman, Horakova 2021
Lublin, Reingold, Cohen 2014; 83
Bergvall, Makin, Lahoz 2014; 9
Ellenberger, Eichstädt, Flachenecker 2018; 25
Haghikia, Dendrou, Schneider 2017; 16
Dalla Costa, Martinelli, Sangalli 2019; 92
Wiendl, Calabresi, Meuth 2018; 90
Leist, Comi, Cree 2014; 13
Dan, Mateus, Kato 2021; 371
Bar-Or, Freedman, Kremenchutzky 2013; 81
Kappos, Freedman, Polman 2009; 8
Kavaliunas, Manouchehrinia, Stawiarz 2017; 23
Ontaneda, Tallantyre, Kalincik 2019; 18
Thompson, Baranzini, Geurts 2018; 391
Phillips, Giovannoni, Lublin 2011; 17
2001; 72
Coles, Fox, Vladic 2012; 78
Kappos, Edan, Freedman 2016; 87
Wiendl, Bourdette, Ciccarelli 2017; 89
Prosperini, Giannì, Leonardi 2012; 18
Braune, Lang, Bergmann 2016; 263
Río, Tintoré, Sastre-Garriga 2012; 19
Roos, Leray, Frascoli 2020; 143
Schwab, Schneider-Hohendorf, Wiendl 2016; 87
Amato, Fonderico, Portaccio 2020; 143
Saccà, Lanzillo, Signori 2019; 25
Butzkueven, Kappos, Wiendl 2020; 91
Burt, Balabanov, Burman 2019; 321
Kappos, Wolinsky, Giovannoni 2020; 77
Coles, Cohen, Fox 2017; 89
Luna, Alping, Burman 2020; 77
Hauser, Kappos, Arnold 2020; 95
Schwab, Schneider-Hohendorf, Hoyt 2018; 24
Salter, Fox, Newsome 2021; 78
Kamin, Rommer, Abu-Mugheisib 2015; 53
Bittner, Oh, Kubala Havrdová 2021; 1
Mäurer, Tiel-Wilck, Oehm 2019; 12
Chung, Altmann, Barkhof 2020; 87
Graetz, Groppa, Zipp 2018; 18
Koralnik 2002; 8
Novotna, Soldán, Abou Zeid 2015; 85
Kinkel, Kollman, O’Connor 2006; 66
Ho, Koendgen, Campbell 2017; 16
Tintore, Arrambide, Otero-Romero 2020; 26
Rommer, Buckow, Ellenberger 2015; 45
Leocani, Rocca, Comi 2016; 29
Lu, Beadnall, Barton 2018; 20
Comi, De Stefano, Freedman 2012; 11
bibr42-17562864211039648
bibr68-17562864211039648
bibr125-17562864211039648
bibr4-17562864211039648
bibr55-17562864211039648
bibr112-17562864211039648
bibr95-17562864211039648
bibr70-17562864211039648
bibr28-17562864211039648
Vermersch P (bibr87-17562864211039648) 2020; 405
bibr96-17562864211039648
bibr83-17562864211039648
bibr113-17562864211039648
bibr15-17562864211039648
bibr126-17562864211039648
bibr82-17562864211039648
bibr5-17562864211039648
bibr100-17562864211039648
bibr81-17562864211039648
bibr71-17562864211039648
bibr109-17562864211039648
bibr30-17562864211039648
bibr101-17562864211039648
bibr56-17562864211039648
bibr66-17562864211039648
bibr111-17562864211039648
bibr6-17562864211039648
bibr40-17562864211039648
bibr26-17562864211039648
bibr127-17562864211039648
bibr16-17562864211039648
bibr57-17562864211039648
bibr41-17562864211039648
bibr31-17562864211039648
bibr108-17562864211039648
bibr27-17562864211039648
bibr97-17562864211039648
bibr67-17562864211039648
bibr78-17562864211039648
bibr85-17562864211039648
bibr45-17562864211039648
bibr102-17562864211039648
bibr65-17562864211039648
bibr58-17562864211039648
bibr93-17562864211039648
bibr98-17562864211039648
bibr80-17562864211039648
bibr60-17562864211039648
Campbell N (bibr120-17562864211039648) 2019; 92
bibr25-17562864211039648
bibr18-17562864211039648
bibr38-17562864211039648
bibr129-17562864211039648
bibr116-17562864211039648
bibr13-17562864211039648
bibr23-17562864211039648
Ryerson LZ (bibr119-17562864211039648) 2019; 93
bibr114-17562864211039648
bibr33-17562864211039648
bibr63-17562864211039648
bibr53-17562864211039648
bibr124-17562864211039648
bibr43-17562864211039648
Bittner S (bibr73-17562864211039648) 2021; 1
bibr88-17562864211039648
bibr118-17562864211039648
bibr62-17562864211039648
bibr75-17562864211039648
bibr105-17562864211039648
bibr90-17562864211039648
bibr9-17562864211039648
bibr76-17562864211039648
bibr48-17562864211039648
bibr89-17562864211039648
bibr22-17562864211039648
bibr35-17562864211039648
Miller AE (bibr104-17562864211039648) 2016; 22
bibr106-17562864211039648
bibr36-17562864211039648
bibr131-17562864211039648
bibr10-17562864211039648
bibr91-17562864211039648
bibr121-17562864211039648
bibr20-17562864211039648
bibr117-17562864211039648
bibr46-17562864211039648
bibr50-17562864211039648
bibr107-17562864211039648
bibr11-17562864211039648
bibr132-17562864211039648
bibr21-17562864211039648
bibr122-17562864211039648
bibr51-17562864211039648
bibr37-17562864211039648
bibr47-17562864211039648
bibr77-17562864211039648
bibr52-17562864211039648
bibr128-17562864211039648
bibr115-17562864211039648
bibr17-17562864211039648
bibr1-17562864211039648
bibr72-17562864211039648
bibr86-17562864211039648
bibr123-17562864211039648
bibr92-17562864211039648
German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF) (bibr7-17562864211039648) 2012
bibr99-17562864211039648
bibr130-17562864211039648
bibr8-17562864211039648
Multiple Sklerose-Therapie-Konsensus-Gruppe (MSTKG) (bibr61-17562864211039648) 2001; 72
bibr32-17562864211039648
bibr12-17562864211039648
bibr103-17562864211039648
bibr110-17562864211039648
bibr59-17562864211039648
bibr49-17562864211039648
Wiendl H (bibr2-17562864211039648) 2021
bibr69-17562864211039648
bibr3-17562864211039648
bibr79-17562864211039648
bibr19-17562864211039648
bibr29-17562864211039648
bibr39-17562864211039648
bibr44-17562864211039648
bibr34-17562864211039648
bibr54-17562864211039648
bibr24-17562864211039648
bibr14-17562864211039648
bibr74-17562864211039648
bibr64-17562864211039648
bibr84-17562864211039648
bibr94-17562864211039648
References_xml – volume: 23
  start-page: 1233
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1240
  article-title: Importance of early treatment initiation in the clinical course of multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler
– volume: 81
  start-page: 552
  year: 2013
  end-page: 558
  article-title: Teriflunomide effect on immune response to influenza vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 16
  start-page: 523
  year: 2017
  end-page: 534
  article-title: Treatment of multiple sclerosis during pregnancy – safety considerations
  publication-title: Expert Opin Drug Saf
– volume: 62
  start-page: 494
  year: 2019
  end-page: 515
  article-title: Impfen bei Immundefizienz
  publication-title: Bundesgesundheitsbl
– volume: 354
  start-page: 899
  year: 2006
  end-page: 910
  article-title: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– year: 2021
  article-title: Impact of previous disease-modifying treatment on effectiveness and safety outcomes, among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab
  publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr
– volume: 7
  start-page: 37
  year: 2017
  end-page: 43
  article-title: Definition, prevalence and predictive factors of benign multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Eneurologicalsci
– volume: 370
  start-page: 389
  year: 2007
  end-page: 397
  article-title: Effect of early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment on disability after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 3-year follow-up analysis of the BENEFIT study
  publication-title: Lancet
– volume: 92
  start-page: e733
  year: 2019
  end-page: e741
  article-title: Prognostic value of serum neurofilaments in patients with clinically isolated syndromes
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 80
  start-page: 89
  year: 2016
  end-page: 100
  article-title: Predictors of long-term disability accrual in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Ann Neurol
– volume: 78
  start-page: 1069
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1078
  article-title: Alemtuzumab more effective than interferon β-1a at 5-year follow-up of CAMMS223 clinical trial
  publication-title: Neurology
– year: 2021
  article-title: Characterisation of MS phenotypes across the age span using a novel data set integrating 34 clinical trials (NO.MS cohort): age is a key contributor to presentation
  publication-title: Mult Scler
– volume: 16
  start-page: 171
  year: 2020
  end-page: 182
  article-title: MAGNIMS consensus recommendations on the use of brain and spinal cord atrophy measures in clinical practice
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurol
– volume: 376
  start-page: 221
  year: 2017
  end-page: 234
  article-title: Ocrelizumab versus interferon beta-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 56
  start-page: 102807
  year: 2020
  article-title: Clinical implications of serum neurofilament in newly diagnosed MS patients: a longitudinal multicentre cohort study
  publication-title: eBioMedicine
– volume: 391
  start-page: 1622
  year: 2018
  end-page: 1636
  article-title: Multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Lancet
– volume: 85
  start-page: 1183
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1189
  article-title: Long-term impact of interferon beta-1b in patients with CIS: 8-year follow-up of BENEFIT
  publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  end-page: 15
  article-title: Pregnancy outcomes after exposure to interferon beta: a register-based cohort study among women with MS in Finland and Sweden
  publication-title: Ther Adv Neurol Disord
– volume: 19
  start-page: 307
  year: 2020
  end-page: 316
  article-title: Timing of high-efficacy therapy for multiple sclerosis: a retrospective observational cohort study
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 96
  start-page: e783
  year: 2021
  end-page: e797
  article-title: Effect of disease-modifying therapy on disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis over 15 years
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 92
  start-page: 180
  year: 2019
  end-page: 192
  article-title: Unraveling treatment response in multiple sclerosis: a clinical and MRI challenge
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  end-page: 17
  article-title: Safety and efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: 9 years’ follow-up of DEFINE, CONFIRM, and ENDORSE
  publication-title: Ther Adv Neurol Disord
– volume: 95
  start-page: e1999
  year: 2020
  end-page: e2008
  article-title: Effect of ocrelizumab on vaccine responses in patients with multiple sclerosis: the VELOCE study
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 260
  start-page: 2023
  year: 2013
  end-page: 2032
  article-title: Fingolimod versus intramuscular interferon in patient subgroups from TRANSFORMS
  publication-title: J Neurol
– volume: 8
  start-page: 193
  year: 2015
  end-page: 202
  article-title: The effect of disease-modifying therapies on brain atrophy in patients with clinically isolated syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Ther Adv Neurol Disord
– volume: 83
  start-page: 278
  year: 2014
  end-page: 286
  article-title: Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: the 2013 revisions
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 16
  start-page: 925
  year: 2017
  end-page: 933
  article-title: Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of data from four clinical studies
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 17
  start-page: 162
  year: 2018
  end-page: 173
  article-title: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 67
  start-page: 1242
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1249
  article-title: Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 86
  start-page: 208
  year: 2015
  end-page: 215
  article-title: Alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis: long-term safety and efficacy
  publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
– volume: 27
  start-page: 439
  year: 2021
  end-page: 448
  article-title: Disability progression in relapse-free multiple sclerosis patients on fingolimod versus interferon-beta/glatiramer acetate
  publication-title: Mult Scler
– volume: 405
  start-page: 310
  year: 2020
  article-title: Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with a suboptimal response to previous disease-modifying therapies (1‑year interim results)
  publication-title: Mult Scler Relat Disord
– volume: 93
  start-page: e1452
  year: 2019
  end-page: e1462
  article-title: Risk of natalizumab-associated PML in patients with MS is reduced with extended interval dosing
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 78
  start-page: 699
  year: 2021
  end-page: 708
  article-title: Outcomes and risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a North American Registry of patients with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol
– volume: 22
  start-page: 851
  year: 2016
  end-page: 863
  article-title: Switching or discontinuing disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Continuum
– volume: 16
  start-page: 56
  year: 2020
  end-page: 62
  article-title: Immune reconstitution therapies: concepts for durable remission in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurol
– volume: 391
  start-page: 1263
  year: 2018
  end-page: 1273
  article-title: Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study
  publication-title: Lancet
– volume: 325
  start-page: 765
  year: 2021
  end-page: 779
  article-title: Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review
  publication-title: JAMA
– volume: 87
  start-page: 1133
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1137
  article-title: Discontinuing disease-modifying therapy in MS after a prolonged relapse-free period: a propensity score-matched study
  publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr
– volume: 77
  start-page: 184
  year: 2020
  end-page: 191
  article-title: Infection risks among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with Fingolimod, Natalizumab, Rituximab, and Injectable therapies
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol
– volume: 321
  start-page: 175
  year: 2019
  end-page: 187
  article-title: Association of initial disease-modifying therapy with later conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: JAMA
– volume: 17
  start-page: 970
  year: 2011
  end-page: 979
  article-title: Sustained improvement in Expanded Disability Status Scale as a new efficacy measure of neurological change in multiple sclerosis: treatment effects with natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler
– volume: 76
  start-page: 536
  year: 2019
  end-page: 541
  article-title: Clinical outcomes of escalation vs early intensive disease-modifying therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol
– volume: 376
  start-page: 209
  year: 2017
  end-page: 220
  article-title: Ocrelizumab versus placebo in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 8
  start-page: 987
  year: 2009
  end-page: 997
  article-title: Long-term effect of early treatment with interferon beta-1b after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: 5-year active treatment extension of the phase 3 BENEFIT trial
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 9
  start-page: e88472
  year: 2014
  article-title: Relapse rates in patients with multiple sclerosis switching from interferon to fingolimod or glatiramer acetate: a US claims database study
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  end-page: 31
  article-title: Risks and risk management in modern multiple sclerosis immunotherapeutic treatment
  publication-title: Ther Adv Neurol Disord
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1658
  year: 2020
  end-page: 1669
  article-title: The long-term outcomes of CIS patients in the Barcelona inception cohort: looking back to recognize aggressive MS
  publication-title: Mult Scler
– volume: 87
  start-page: 978
  year: 2016
  end-page: 987
  article-title: The 11-year long-term follow-up study from the randomized BENEFIT CIS trial
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 12
  start-page: 59
  year: 2017
  end-page: 63
  article-title: Classifying PML risk with disease modifying therapies
  publication-title: Mult Scler Relat Disord
– volume: 25
  year: 2018
  article-title: Early versus later treatment start in multiple sclerosis: a register-based cohort study
  publication-title: Eur J Neurol
– volume: 11
  start-page: 597
  year: 2015
  end-page: 606
  article-title: Evidence-based guidelines: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis – establishing disease prognosis and monitoring patients
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurol
– volume: 16
  start-page: 493
  year: 2020
  end-page: 505
  article-title: Neurological immunotherapy in the era of COVID-19 – looking for consensus in the literature
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurol
– volume: 90
  start-page: 777
  year: 2018
  end-page: 788
  article-title: Practice guideline recommendations summary: disease-modifying therapies for adults with multiple sclerosis: report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 11
  start-page: 33
  year: 2012
  end-page: 41
  article-title: Comparison of two dosing frequencies of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with a first clinical demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis (REFLEX): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 18
  start-page: 905
  year: 2019
  end-page: 922
  article-title: Progressive multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies
  publication-title: Nat Rev Drug Discov
– volume: 18
  start-page: 203
  year: 2018
  end-page: 219
  article-title: Preservation of neuronal function as measured by clinical and MRI endpoints in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: how effective are current treatment strategies
  publication-title: Expert Rev Neurother
– volume: 77
  start-page: 1132
  year: 2020
  end-page: 1140
  article-title: Contribution of relapse-independent progression vs relapse-associated worsening to overall confirmed disability accumulation in typical relapsing multiple sclerosis in a pooled analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol
– year: 2021
  article-title: Risk of requiring a wheelchair in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: data from the ORATORIO trial and the MSBase registry
  publication-title: Eur J Neurol
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  end-page: 10
  article-title: Long-term effectiveness in patients previously treated with cladribine tablets: a real-world analysis of the Italian multiple sclerosis registry (CLARINET-MS)
  publication-title: Ther Adv Neurol Disord
– volume: 8
  start-page: 59
  year: 2002
  end-page: 65
  article-title: Overview of the cellular immunity against JC virus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  publication-title: J Neurovirol
– volume: 371
  year: 2021
  article-title: Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 14
  start-page: 384
  year: 2018
  end-page: 386
  article-title: AAN unveils new guidelines for MS disease-modifying therapy
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurol
– volume: 87
  start-page: 63
  year: 2020
  end-page: 74
  article-title: A 30-year clinical and magnetic resonance imaging observational study of multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndromes
  publication-title: Ann Neurol
– volume: 84
  start-page: 872
  year: 2015
  end-page: 879
  article-title: Randomized trial of vaccination in fingolimod-treated patients with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 45
  start-page: 587
  year: 2015
  end-page: 593
  article-title: Patients’ characteristics influencing the longitudinal utilization of steroids in multiple sclerosis – an observational study
  publication-title: Eur J Clin Invest
– volume: 362
  start-page: 402
  year: 2010
  end-page: 415
  article-title: Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 374
  start-page: 1503
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1511
  article-title: Effect of glatiramer acetate on conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (PreCISe study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  publication-title: Lancet
– volume: 20
  start-page: 653
  year: 2021
  end-page: 670
  article-title: MAGNIMS-CMSC-NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 19
  start-page: 998
  year: 2020
  end-page: 1009
  article-title: Long-term follow-up from the ORATORIO trial of ocrelizumab for primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a post-hoc analysis from the ongoing open-label extension of the randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 2
  start-page: 373
  year: 2015
  end-page: 387
  article-title: Comparative efficacy of switching to natalizumab in active multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Ann Clin Transl Neurol
– volume: 72
  start-page: 150
  year: 2001
  end-page: 157
  article-title: Immunmodulatorische Stufentherapie der multiplen Sklerose, 1. Ergänzung: Dezember 2000
  publication-title: Nervenarzt
– volume: 13
  start-page: 977
  year: 2014
  end-page: 986
  article-title: Oral teriflunomide for patients with a first clinical episode suggestive of multiple sclerosis (TOPIC): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 76
  start-page: 802
  year: 2014
  end-page: 812
  article-title: Anti-JC virus antibody levels in serum or plasma further define risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  publication-title: Ann Neurol
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  end-page: 12
  article-title: Reasons to switch: a noninterventional study evaluating immunotherapy switches in a large German multicentre cohort of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Ther Adv Neurol Disord
– volume: 85
  start-page: 722
  year: 2015
  end-page: 729
  article-title: Poor early relapse recovery affects onset of progressive disease course in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 85
  start-page: 990
  year: 2014
  end-page: 998
  article-title: Epidemiologie der Multiplen Sklerose in Deutschland
  publication-title: Nervenarzt
– volume: 24
  start-page: 563
  year: 2018
  end-page: 573
  article-title: Anti-JCV serology during natalizumab treatment: review and meta-analysis of 17 independent patient cohorts analyzing anti-John Cunningham polyoma virus sero-conversion rates under natalizumab treatment and differences between technical and biological sero-converters
  publication-title: Mult Scler
– volume: 321
  start-page: 165
  year: 2019
  end-page: 174
  article-title: Effect of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation vs continued disease-modifying therapy on disease progression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial
  publication-title: JAMA
– volume: 25
  start-page: 215
  year: 2018
  end-page: 237
  article-title: ECTRIMS/EAN guideline on the pharmacological treatment of people with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Eur J Neurol
– volume: 89
  start-page: 1098
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1100
  article-title: Can immune reprogramming with alemtuzumab induce permanent remission in multiple sclerosis?
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 25
  start-page: 173
  year: 2018
  end-page: 174
  article-title: Decreasing longitudinal use of glucocorticosteroids in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler Relat Disord
– volume: 8
  start-page: 241
  year: 2019
  end-page: 250
  article-title: Fingolimod rebound: a review of the clinical experience and management considerations
  publication-title: Neurol Ther
– volume: 89
  start-page: 1117
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1126
  article-title: Alemtuzumab CARE-MS II 5-year follow-up: efficacy and safety findings
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 87
  start-page: 958
  year: 2016
  end-page: 959
  article-title: CD62L is not a reliable biomarker for predicting PML risk in natalizumab-treated R-MS patients
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 66
  start-page: 678
  year: 2006
  end-page: 684
  article-title: IM interferon β-1a delays definite multiple sclerosis 5 years after a first demyelinating event
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 263
  start-page: 327
  year: 2016
  end-page: 333
  article-title: Efficacy of fingolimod is superior to injectable disease modifying therapies in second-line therapy of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: J Neurol
– volume: 18
  start-page: 973
  year: 2019
  end-page: 980
  article-title: Early highly effective versus escalation treatment approaches in relapsing multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 72
  start-page: 800
  year: 2009
  end-page: 805
  article-title: Incidental MRI anomalies suggestive of multiple sclerosis: the radiologically isolated syndrome
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1263
  year: 2019
  end-page: 1272
  article-title: Determinants of therapy switch in multiple sclerosis treatment-naive patients: a real-life study
  publication-title: Mult Scler
– volume: 29
  start-page: 243
  year: 2016
  end-page: 253
  article-title: MRI and neurophysiological measures to predict course, disability and treatment response in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Curr Opin Neurol
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  end-page: 17
  article-title: Post-natalizumab disease reactivation in multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Ther Adv Neurol Disord
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  end-page: 10
  article-title: Aging and efficacy of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of clinical trials
  publication-title: Ther Adv Neurol Disord
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1157
  year: 2020
  end-page: 1162
  article-title: COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis: a global data sharing initiative
  publication-title: Mult Scler
– volume: 24
  start-page: 96
  year: 2018
  end-page: 120
  article-title: ECTRIMS/EAN guideline on the pharmacological treatment of people with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler
– volume: 13
  start-page: 391
  year: 2017
  article-title: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurol
– volume: 19
  start-page: 899
  year: 2012
  end-page: 904
  article-title: Change in the clinical activity of multiple sclerosis after treatment switch for suboptimal response
  publication-title: Eur J Neurol
– volume: 90
  start-page: 309
  year: 2018
  end-page: 311
  article-title: Defining response profiles after alemtuzumab: rare paradoxical disease exacerbation
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 13
  start-page: 257
  year: 2014
  end-page: 267
  article-title: Effect of oral cladribine on time to conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with a first demyelinating event (ORACLE MS): a phase 3 randomised trial
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1197
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1205
  article-title: Natalizumab-associated PML: challenges with incidence, resulting risk, and risk stratification
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 9
  year: 2018 1560
  article-title: Immune cell profiling during switching from Natalizumab to Fingolimod reveals differential effects on systemic immune-regulatory networks and on trafficking of non-T cell populations into the cerebrospinal fluid – results from the ToFingo successor study
  publication-title: Front Immunol
– volume: 343
  start-page: 898
  year: 2000
  end-page: 904
  article-title: Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 91
  start-page: 660
  year: 2020
  end-page: 668
  article-title: Long-term safety and effectiveness of natalizumab treatment in clinical practice: 10 years of real-world data from the Tysabri Observational Program (TOP)
  publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
– volume: 18
  start-page: 64
  year: 2012
  end-page: 71
  article-title: Escalation to natalizumab or switching among immunomodulators in relapsing multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler
– volume: 72
  start-page: 405
  year: 2015
  end-page: 413
  article-title: Comparison of switch to fingolimod or interferon beta/glatiramer acetate in active multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol
– volume: 22
  start-page: 74
  year: 2016
  end-page: 79
  article-title: Long-term effects of repeated cycles of intrathecal triamcinolone acetonide on spasticity in MS patients
  publication-title: CNS Neurosci Ther
– volume: 6
  start-page: e555
  year: 2019
  article-title: Profiling individual clinical responses by high-frequency serum neurofilament assessment in MS
  publication-title: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
– volume: 143
  start-page: 2742
  year: 2020
  end-page: 2756
  article-title: Delay from treatment start to full effect of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Brain
– volume: 13
  start-page: 105
  year: 2017
  end-page: 118
  article-title: Treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis – insights from real-world observational studies
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurol
– volume: 34
  start-page: 1419
  year: 2018
  end-page: 1430
  article-title: Sequencing of disease-modifying therapies for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a theoretical approach to optimizing treatment
  publication-title: Curr Med Res Opin
– volume: 76
  start-page: 665
  year: 2019
  end-page: 671
  article-title: Changes in the risk of reaching multiple sclerosis disability milestones in recent decades: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  article-title: Specific aspects of immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis in Switzerland: a structured commentary
  publication-title: Clin Transl Neurosci
– volume: 363
  start-page: 188
  year: 2016
  end-page: 194
  article-title: Alemtuzumab improves neurological functional systems in treatment-naive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients
  publication-title: J Neurol Sci
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  end-page: 10
  article-title: An update on Peginterferon beta-1a Management in Multiple Sclerosis: results from an interdisciplinary Board of German and Austrian Neurologists and dermatologists
  publication-title: BMC Neurol
– volume: 53
  start-page: 109
  year: 2015
  end-page: 113
  article-title: Effects of intrathecal triamincinolone-acetonide treatment in MS patients with therapy-resistant spasticity
  publication-title: Spinal Cord
– volume: 3
  start-page: 607
  year: 2014
  end-page: 619
  article-title: Outcomes of switching directly to oral fingolimod from injectable therapies: results of the randomized, open-label, multicenter, Evaluate Patient OutComes (EPOC) study in relapsing multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler Relat Disord
– volume: 95
  start-page: e1854
  year: 2020
  end-page: e1867
  article-title: Five years of ocrelizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis: OPERA studies open-label extension
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 92
  start-page: P32095
  year: 2019
  article-title: Evaluating the efficacy and safety of 6-week extended interval dosing of natalizumab via a prospective, controlled, randomized, open-label, rater-blinded phase 3b study
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 15
  start-page: 441
  year: 2019
  end-page: 445
  article-title: Implementing the 2017 McDonald criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurol
– volume: 4
  start-page: 43
  year: 2018
  article-title: Multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Nat Rev Dis Primers
– volume: 16
  start-page: 104
  year: 2017
  end-page: 106
  article-title: Severe B-cell-mediated CNS disease secondary to alemtuzumab therapy
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
– volume: 10
  start-page: e0116511
  year: 2015
  article-title: The effect of disease modifying therapies on brain atrophy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
– volume: 380
  start-page: 1829
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1839
  article-title: Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial
  publication-title: Lancet
– volume: 267
  start-page: 1715
  year: 2020
  end-page: 1723
  article-title: Pregnancy outcomes in interferon-beta-exposed patients with multiple sclerosis: results from the European Interferon-beta Pregnancy Registry
  publication-title: J Neurol
– volume: 1
  year: 2021
  article-title: The potential of serum neurofilament as biomarker for multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Brain
– volume: 77
  start-page: 1079
  year: 2020
  end-page: 1088
  article-title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol
– volume: 20
  start-page: 231
  year: 2018
  end-page: 238
  article-title: The evolution of ‘No Evidence of Disease Activity’ in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler Relat Disord
– volume: 143
  start-page: 3013
  year: 2020
  end-page: 3024
  article-title: Disease-modifying drugs can reduce disability progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Brain
– volume: 78
  start-page: 1736
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1742
  article-title: Anti-JC virus antibodies in a large German natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis cohort
  publication-title: Neurology
– volume: 362
  start-page: 416
  year: 2010
  end-page: 426
  article-title: A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– ident: bibr14-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0041-4
– ident: bibr20-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa044397
– ident: bibr27-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1002/ana.25637
– ident: bibr42-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.025
– ident: bibr76-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30151-6
– volume: 93
  start-page: e1452
  year: 2019
  ident: bibr119-17562864211039648
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008243
– ident: bibr82-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2014.06.005
– ident: bibr102-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1352458520988637
– ident: bibr8-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2
– ident: bibr97-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1007/s40120-019-00160-9
– ident: bibr93-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1756286420915005
– ident: bibr116-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000496643.57775.41
– ident: bibr65-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa231
– ident: bibr83-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.4147
– volume-title: Multiple Sklerose: Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie
  year: 2021
  ident: bibr2-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.17433/978-3-17-035371-8
– ident: bibr6-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/s41582-018-0026-7
– ident: bibr130-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829e6fbf
– ident: bibr39-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70005-5
– ident: bibr10-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/s41582-019-0194-0
– ident: bibr11-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000560
– ident: bibr94-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01560
– ident: bibr64-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1756286420922685
– ident: bibr75-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001856
– ident: bibr38-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70191-7
– ident: bibr108-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-307721
– ident: bibr128-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1007/s00103-019-02905-1
– ident: bibr98-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1756286419837809
– ident: bibr46-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606468
– volume: 22
  start-page: 851
  year: 2016
  ident: bibr104-17562864211039648
  publication-title: Continuum
– ident: bibr78-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088472
– ident: bibr114-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30282-X
– ident: bibr121-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09762-y
– ident: bibr88-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61768-1
– ident: bibr18-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/2514183X18822073
– ident: bibr40-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1756285615600381
– ident: bibr4-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1352458517751049
– ident: bibr54-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0330
– ident: bibr60-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/j.ensci.2017.05.002
– ident: bibr66-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00095-8
– ident: bibr19-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1186/s12883-019-1354-y
– ident: bibr24-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0902533
– ident: bibr67-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006810
– ident: bibr58-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011242
– ident: bibr105-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1352458518790390
– volume: 92
  start-page: P32095
  year: 2019
  ident: bibr120-17562864211039648
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.92.15_supplement.P3.2-095
– ident: bibr35-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-306222
– ident: bibr129-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1126/science.abf4063
– ident: bibr110-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.3365
– ident: bibr12-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1568
– ident: bibr44-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1352458520918489
– ident: bibr115-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1002/ana.24286
– ident: bibr22-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1111/ene.14824
– ident: bibr113-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003739
– ident: bibr13-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/s41573-019-0035-2
– ident: bibr34-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000200778.65597.ae
– ident: bibr48-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/sc.2014.155
– ident: bibr126-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1352458520941485
– ident: bibr125-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2581
– ident: bibr68-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.157
– ident: bibr15-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1438190
– ident: bibr118-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182583022
– ident: bibr71-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000555
– ident: bibr53-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1352458516675039
– ident: bibr132-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001302
– ident: bibr63-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004354
– ident: bibr50-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1111/eci.12450
– ident: bibr59-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa251
– ident: bibr36-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003078
– ident: bibr101-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1756286420969016
– ident: bibr109-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30382-9
– volume-title: Standing guidelines commission. AWMF guidance manual and rules for guideline development
  year: 2012
  ident: bibr7-17562864211039648
– ident: bibr62-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.18743
– ident: bibr30-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1056/NEJM200009283431301
– ident: bibr17-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.26858
– ident: bibr91-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010376
– ident: bibr86-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1002/acn3.180
– ident: bibr127-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0688
– ident: bibr31-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000237641.33768.8d
– ident: bibr70-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102807
– ident: bibr41-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116511
– ident: bibr106-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1756286419892077
– ident: bibr80-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1007/s00415-013-6932-0
– ident: bibr89-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0907839
– ident: bibr112-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1080/13550280290167894
– ident: bibr85-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03648.x
– ident: bibr100-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004381
– ident: bibr124-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/s41582-020-0385-8
– ident: bibr26-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1352458519877810
– ident: bibr28-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000335764.14513.1a
– ident: bibr32-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61194-5
– ident: bibr131-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010380
– ident: bibr33-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70237-6
– ident: bibr47-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1111/cns.12474
– ident: bibr23-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/s41582-019-0268-z
– ident: bibr72-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000333
– ident: bibr16-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1756286419836571
– ident: bibr52-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30067-3
– ident: bibr84-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1352458511417481
– ident: bibr21-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30342-2
– ident: bibr117-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1352458517728814
– volume: 405
  start-page: 310
  year: 2020
  ident: bibr87-17562864211039648
  publication-title: Mult Scler Relat Disord
– ident: bibr9-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30481-1
– ident: bibr92-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322326
– ident: bibr103-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1458023
– ident: bibr122-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1756286420951072
– ident: bibr90-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1601277
– ident: bibr55-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.20588
– ident: bibr95-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004969
– ident: bibr111-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.01.006
– ident: bibr25-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006902
– ident: bibr96-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020
– volume: 72
  start-page: 150
  year: 2001
  ident: bibr61-17562864211039648
  publication-title: Nervenarzt
  doi: 10.1007/s001150050729
– ident: bibr43-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1177/1352458511399611
– volume: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: bibr73-17562864211039648
  publication-title: Brain
– ident: bibr99-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-313760
– ident: bibr45-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30475-6
– ident: bibr29-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70262-9
– ident: bibr3-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1111/ene.13536
– ident: bibr37-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61259-9
– ident: bibr69-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.188
– ident: bibr79-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7970-6
– ident: bibr81-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824e8ee7
– ident: bibr107-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.81
– ident: bibr74-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1038/s41582-020-0314-x
– ident: bibr57-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1002/ana.24682
– ident: bibr1-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1007/s00115-014-4097-4
– ident: bibr5-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005347
– ident: bibr56-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4905
– ident: bibr77-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.12.016
– ident: bibr49-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.07.040
– ident: bibr51-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1111/ene.13692
– ident: bibr123-17562864211039648
  doi: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1311321
SSID ssj0062740
Score 2.565522
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal/neuronal...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
sage
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 17562864211039648
SubjectTerms Central nervous system
Demyelination
Inflammation
Multiple sclerosis
Review
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwEB6hHiouiKcIFGQkJFqkiMaPJObWVpQKabl0K_UW-SlWguyquxX_ob-6M46z3QUBF467duTEHnu-efgbgLct90IEZUoTK1nKGF2po-elaFE3-0oqF8kPOflan13IL5fqcqPUF-WEDfTAw8R9wENcqWhQrFC1e99aK6soEXQE6UItAp2-qPNGY2o4g6mgzBjDJHol1JF0BVOStSN0TcV-NrRQIuvfQpi_5kduJHklvXP6EB5kwMiOhhd9BPdC_xh2Jzkk_gRuJjklkJ1jO442W7LpQBXAqBonlbJYsuRiYvuT8-nJ54OPbEzVYuk-ETkIGf7IwZryx9zP0vUnNtzOQmOaIbZlY_IhW65H2v9JYQi2MItwdfAULk4_TU_OylxgoXSIE1alsFXwxmpuo0JLuFWcKo_j1NWOt7hIJnHjaO-0FHXA5ZPOodYzOiIuIxfoM9jp5314DkxaK7y2ymjrpWuilbVVkbvgDPde-gIOxwnvXGYfpyIY37sqE47_tkYFvF8_shioN_7W-ZhWcd2RWLPTHyhLXZal7l-yVMDeKANd3srLDk1MBJ1No-sC3qybcRNSZMX0YX6NfVQtGsJOvIBmS3a2Xmi7pZ99S3TeOMWN4IcFvCMpuxv4j9_64n9860u4zyk9J3mT9mBndXUdXiG-WtnXaSvdAs4bIiw
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Sage Open Access Journals (Free internet resource, activated by CARLI)
  dbid: AFRWT
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1bi9QwFA7rLogv4hWrq0QQ3BXibtMkbX2RdXFchPHBncV9K7nqgNMOc0H8C_5qz0nT0fGGj9NkOG1yTs6XcyXkScVdUXipmQ65YCIEy-rgOCsq0M0uF9IGtEOO36mzC_H2Ul7ukG7IhUkruHyOYVXwRvGwRulGa_RRcjIegc7DlEqBt5eiVqJ6uV7Nmt7cPXTVwCfon17P0LVtMSDyKxvS266QPV4qCZK8dzJ6_2EyHN7YiabPoZSKIYXkCP0j0S1VFiv-b8HUX4Msf4oUi8prdINcT6iTnvRscpPs-PYWuTpOfvXb5Ns4xRXScxgHatMlnfT1Bii29MR-GEsa7VT0YHw-OX1z-IIO8V40JiWhlZHCj-TxYbPOTWMOFe1TvOBGTgEg0yGCkS43lA6-oC-DzvXcLw7vkIvR68npGUtdGpgFsLFihcm906bmJki4TleSY_tyWEZleQU7rWOBndrZWhTKAw8Ia0F16joAuEM76l2y23atv0eoMKZwtZG6Nk7YMhihjAzcequ5c8Jl5HhY8MamEubYSeNzk6eq5b_tUUaebf4y7-t3_GvyK9zFzUQsvR0fdIuPTZLkBlCFlEHDOQdY07nKGJEHASjYC-tV4TOyP_BAM3BzA_dUQK5lWauMPN4MgySje0a3vlvDHKmKEgEYz0i5xTtbL7Q90k4_xZrgsMRlwY8z8hS57Afhv37r_f-e-YBc4xjIE-1O-2R3tVj7h4DEVuZRkp7vm-QuXA
  priority: 102
  providerName: SAGE Publications
Title Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group (MSTCG): position statement on disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (white paper)
URI https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17562864211039648
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2613247796
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2563715122
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8377320
https://doaj.org/article/cee55fa870514dd8bb41f4326e4ce63e
Volume 14
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1bb9MwFLZgkxAviKsIjMpISGxIFotjOwkvaJtWJqROaOtE36L4NipBUtpO_Ad-Nec4TraC2FPV2JVTH9vn87l8h5A3BbdZ5mTNap8KJrw3rPSWs6wA3WxTIY1HO-TkVJ1ciM8zOYsGt1UMq-zPxHBQ29agjfw9IH3Q_Xleqo-LnwyrRqF3NZbQuEu2kboMQ7ry2XDhwrIyXUKkVIwXUkWvJhIu4TNeYJYn-kIVlv-5oZcCff8G5vw7YvJG2FfQROOH5EGEkPSgk_kjcsc1j8m9SXSSPyG_JzFIkJ5DO4w2X9FpRx5AsT4nFrdY0WB0oruT8-nRp70PtA_eoiHDCE2GFL5E9w370dp5SIiiXb4WXK8poF3ahyPS1TDS7i90TNBFvXDLvafkYnw8PTphseQCM4Ac1izTqbO1Lrn2Eu7GheRYixymURlegNjqwJZTWlOKTDkQqDAG9GBdekBqaBR9RraatnHPCRVaZ7bUsi61FSb3WigtPTfO1NxaYROy3094ZSIfOZbF-F6lkYL8Hxkl5N3wk0VHxnFb50OU4tARebTDg3Z5WcVtWQFEkNLXcGgBcLS20FqkXgCkdcI4lbmE7PRroIqbe1VdL8WEvB6aYVuir6VuXHsFfaTKckRTPCH5xtrZeKHNlmb-LRB8wxTnGd9PyFtcZdcD__e_vrj9NV-S-xxDcYLlaIdsrZdX7hVgqbUehQ0zItsH47OvU_g8PD79cjYKlok_NjEe9w
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3bbtNAEB2VVoK-IK7CUGCRQLRIVpP1ri9ICNHSktI6QjSV-ma8txIJnJCkqvgFPoZvZMZepw2IvvUx3k288Y5nzs7tADxPuYkiK8uwdF0RCud0mDnDwyhF22y6QmpHfsi8H_eOxMdjebwEv9taGEqrbHVirajNSJOPfBORPtr-JMnit-MfIbFGUXS1pdBoxGLf_jzDI9v0zd573N8XnO_uDLZ7oWcVCDUax1kYqa41pcq4chKPf6nkRLedoGHTPMWVlXVDmMzoTESxxTULrVHVl5lDMEJ-P_zda7CCgx1UBCtbO_1Pn1vdT0Q2TQmmjEOeytjHUanFE13jKdWVUvQ1JsKhC5awJgxYQLl_52heSDSrbd_uLbjpQSt710jZbViy1R24nvuw_F34lfu0RHaI43i34ZQNmnYFjBhBiU5jymo3F1vPDwfbHzZeszZdjNU1TeSkZPjBB4zC7yMzrEuwWFMhhgd6hviatQmQbDq_0_oZhULYuBzbycY9OLqS7bgPy9Wosg-ACaUikylZZsoInTglYiUd11aX3BhhAui0D7zQvgM6EXF8K7q-6fk_exTAq_lXxk37j8smb9EuzidS5-76wmhyUnhFUCAokdKVqCYRqhqTKiW6TiCItkLbOLIBrLUyUHh1Mi3OhT-AZ_NhVAQU3SkrOzrFOTKOEsJvPIBkQXYWFrQ4Ug2_1i3F8REnEe8E8JKk7PzG__2vDy9f5lO40RvkB8XBXn__EaxySgSq_VZrsDybnNrHiORm6ol_fRh8ueo39g_uUFbK
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Zb9QwEB7BVqp4QZwitICRkGiRQhsfOXgrhaUcWyG6FX2L4gtWKrur3a34D_xqZhxnIVziMbEdOx7b83lOgEclt0I41aSNz2QqvTdp5S1PRYm82WZSGU9yyNFxfnQq35ypsyhwI1-YOIPLp2RWhSMKhzXt7rn1e1HHuIcsjzwqJV1eRJXL8jJsSIm8cQAbB8MPH8fdWUyJZVqXSJWn1CLqNf_4kR5nCgH8e6jzV5vJnwy_Ai8aXoOrEUSyg5bq1-GSm96AzVFUk9-Eb6NoJshOsBx7myzZuA0fwChDJ6W3WLIgdmI7o5Px4avdZ6wz32LBx4iEhgwfogIn_TKzk-ASxVqPLbxgM8S7rDNIZMt1TztfSTXB5s3cLXZvwenw5fjwKI1JF1KD2GGVCp052-iKa6_wdlwqTtnIcRpzw0skXBPi5VTWVFLkDkkqjUFO2FQesRqJRW_DYDqbujvApNbCVlo1lbbSFF7LXCvPjTMNt1baBPa7Ca9NjEhOiTHO6ywGIf-NRgk8WTeZt-E4_lX5OVFxXZEiaYcXs8WnOm7MGkGCUr7BYwuho7Wl1jLzEkGtk8blwiWw3a2BulucNV47EYgWRZUn8HBdjBuTtC3N1M0usI7KRUF4iidQ9NZOb0D9kunkcwjxjVNcCL6fwGNaZT86_uu_3v3vmg9g8_2LYf3u9fHbLbjCyUQnSJS2YbBaXLh7iLFW-n7cSN8BVFkc1Q
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Multiple+Sclerosis+Therapy+Consensus+Group+%28MSTCG%29%3A+position+statement+on+disease-modifying+therapies+for+multiple+sclerosis+%28white+paper%29&rft.jtitle=Therapeutic+advances+in+neurological+disorders&rft.au=Wiendl+Heinz&rft.au=Gold%2C+Ralf&rft.au=Berger%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Derfuss+Tobias&rft.date=2021&rft.pub=SAGE+PUBLICATIONS%2C+INC&rft.issn=1756-2856&rft.eissn=1756-2864&rft.volume=14&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F17562864211039648
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1756-2864&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1756-2864&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1756-2864&client=summon