Living up to expectations: Experimental tests of subjective life expectancy as reference point in time trade-off and standard gamble

•Subjective life expectancy (SLE) is a reference point in health state valuation.•As predicted, time trade-off for years below SLE is biased upwards.•Standard gamble is similarly biased for a young but not an older sample. Earlier work suggested that subjective life expectancy (SLE) functions as ref...

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Published inJournal of health economics Vol. 71; pp. 102318 - 14
Main Authors Lipman, Stefan A., Brouwer, Werner B.F., Attema, Arthur E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.05.2020
Elsevier Sequoia S.A
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Abstract •Subjective life expectancy (SLE) is a reference point in health state valuation.•As predicted, time trade-off for years below SLE is biased upwards.•Standard gamble is similarly biased for a young but not an older sample. Earlier work suggested that subjective life expectancy (SLE) functions as reference point in time trade-off (TTO), but has not tested or modelled this explicitly. In this paper we construct a model based on prospect theory to investigate these predictions more thoroughly. We report the first experimental test of reference-dependence with respect to SLE for TTO and extend this approach to standard gamble (SG). In two experiments, subjects’ SLEs were used to construct different versions of 10-year TTO and SG tasks, with the gauge duration either described as occurring above or below life expectation. Our analyses suggest that both TTO and SG weights were affected by SLE as predicted by prospect theory with SLE as reference point. Subjects gave up fewer years in TTO and were less risk-tolerant in SG below SLE, implying that weights derived from these health state valuation methods for durations below SLE will be biased upwards.
AbstractList Earlier work suggested that subjective life expectancy (SLE) functions as reference point in time trade-off (TTO), but has not tested or modelled this explicitly. In this paper we construct a model based on prospect theory to investigate these predictions more thoroughly. We report the first experimental test of reference-dependence with respect to SLE for TTO and extend this approach to standard gamble (SG). In two experiments, subjects’ SLEs were used to construct different versions of 10-year TTO and SG tasks, with the gauge duration either described as occurring above or below life expectation. Our analyses suggest that both TTO and SG weights were affected by SLE as predicted by prospect theory with SLE as reference point. Subjects gave up fewer years in TTO and were less risk-tolerant in SG below SLE, implying that weights derived from these health state valuation methods for durations below SLE will be biased upwards.
•Subjective life expectancy (SLE) is a reference point in health state valuation.•As predicted, time trade-off for years below SLE is biased upwards.•Standard gamble is similarly biased for a young but not an older sample. Earlier work suggested that subjective life expectancy (SLE) functions as reference point in time trade-off (TTO), but has not tested or modelled this explicitly. In this paper we construct a model based on prospect theory to investigate these predictions more thoroughly. We report the first experimental test of reference-dependence with respect to SLE for TTO and extend this approach to standard gamble (SG). In two experiments, subjects’ SLEs were used to construct different versions of 10-year TTO and SG tasks, with the gauge duration either described as occurring above or below life expectation. Our analyses suggest that both TTO and SG weights were affected by SLE as predicted by prospect theory with SLE as reference point. Subjects gave up fewer years in TTO and were less risk-tolerant in SG below SLE, implying that weights derived from these health state valuation methods for durations below SLE will be biased upwards.
Earlier work suggested that subjective life expectancy (SLE) functions as reference point in time trade-off (TTO), but has not tested or modelled this explicitly. In this paper we construct a model based on prospect theory to investigate these predictions more thoroughly. We report the first experimental test of reference-dependence with respect to SLE for TTO and extend this approach to standard gamble (SG). In two experiments, subjects' SLEs were used to construct different versions of 10-year TTO and SG tasks, with the gauge duration either described as occurring above or below life expectation. Our analyses suggest that both TTO and SG weights were affected by SLE as predicted by prospect theory with SLE as reference point. Subjects gave up fewer years in TTO and were less risk-tolerant in SG below SLE, implying that weights derived from these health state valuation methods for durations below SLE will be biased upwards.Earlier work suggested that subjective life expectancy (SLE) functions as reference point in time trade-off (TTO), but has not tested or modelled this explicitly. In this paper we construct a model based on prospect theory to investigate these predictions more thoroughly. We report the first experimental test of reference-dependence with respect to SLE for TTO and extend this approach to standard gamble (SG). In two experiments, subjects' SLEs were used to construct different versions of 10-year TTO and SG tasks, with the gauge duration either described as occurring above or below life expectation. Our analyses suggest that both TTO and SG weights were affected by SLE as predicted by prospect theory with SLE as reference point. Subjects gave up fewer years in TTO and were less risk-tolerant in SG below SLE, implying that weights derived from these health state valuation methods for durations below SLE will be biased upwards.
ArticleNumber 102318
Author Attema, Arthur E.
Brouwer, Werner B.F.
Lipman, Stefan A.
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Keywords Standard gamble
Prospect theory
Reference point
D9
Subjective life expectancy
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QALY model
Time trade-off
Language English
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Snippet •Subjective life expectancy (SLE) is a reference point in health state valuation.•As predicted, time trade-off for years below SLE is biased upwards.•Standard...
Earlier work suggested that subjective life expectancy (SLE) functions as reference point in time trade-off (TTO), but has not tested or modelled this...
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SubjectTerms Bias
Health economics
Life expectancy
Life span
Prospect theory
QALY model
Reference point
Standard gamble
Subjective life expectancy
Time trade-off
Tradeoffs
Valuation
Title Living up to expectations: Experimental tests of subjective life expectancy as reference point in time trade-off and standard gamble
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2020.102318
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32229049
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/2385269491
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