Evolutionary Pathways to Persistence of Highly Fit and Resistant Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor Escape Variants
Protease inhibitors (PIs) are important components of treatment regimens for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, emergence and persistence of antiviral resistance could reduce their efficacy. Thus, defining resistance determinants is highly relevant for efforts to contr...
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Published in | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Vol. 70; no. 3; pp. 771 - 787 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.09.2019
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Abstract | Protease inhibitors (PIs) are important components of treatment regimens for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, emergence and persistence of antiviral resistance could reduce their efficacy. Thus, defining resistance determinants is highly relevant for efforts to control HCV. Here, we investigated patterns of PI resistance–associated substitutions (RASs) for the major HCV genotypes and viral determinants for persistence of key RASs. We identified protease position 156 as a RAS hotspot for genotype 1‐4, but not 5 and 6, escape variants by resistance profiling using PIs grazoprevir and paritaprevir in infectious cell culture systems. However, except for genotype 3, engineered 156‐RASs were not maintained. For genotypes 1 and 2, persistence of 156‐RASs depended on genome‐wide substitution networks, co‐selected under continued PI treatment and identified by next‐generation sequencing with substitution linkage and haplotype reconstruction. Persistence of A156T for genotype 1 relied on compensatory substitutions increasing replication and assembly. For genotype 2, initial selection of A156V facilitated transition to 156L, persisting without compensatory substitutions. The developed genotype 1, 2, and 3 variants with persistent 156‐RASs had exceptionally high fitness and resistance to grazoprevir, paritaprevir, glecaprevir, and voxilaprevir. A156T dominated in genotype 1 glecaprevir and voxilaprevir escape variants, and pre‐existing A156T facilitated genotype 1 escape from clinically relevant combination treatments with grazoprevir/elbasvir and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. In genotype 1 infected patients with treatment failure and 156‐RASs, we observed genome‐wide selection of substitutions under treatment. Conclusion: Comprehensive PI resistance profiling for HCV genotypes 1‐6 revealed 156‐RASs as key determinants of high‐level resistance across clinically relevant PIs. We obtained in vitro proof of concept for persistence of highly fit genotype 1‐3 156‐variants, which might pose a threat to clinically relevant combination treatments. |
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AbstractList | Protease inhibitors (PIs) are important components of treatment regimens for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, emergence and persistence of antiviral resistance could reduce their efficacy. Thus, defining resistance determinants is highly relevant for efforts to control HCV. Here, we investigated patterns of PI resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) for the major HCV genotypes and viral determinants for persistence of key RASs. We identified protease position 156 as a RAS hotspot for genotype 1-4, but not 5 and 6, escape variants by resistance profiling using PIs grazoprevir and paritaprevir in infectious cell culture systems. However, except for genotype 3, engineered 156-RASs were not maintained. For genotypes 1 and 2, persistence of 156-RASs depended on genome-wide substitution networks, co-selected under continued PI treatment and identified by next-generation sequencing with substitution linkage and haplotype reconstruction. Persistence of A156T for genotype 1 relied on compensatory substitutions increasing replication and assembly. For genotype 2, initial selection of A156V facilitated transition to 156L, persisting without compensatory substitutions. The developed genotype 1, 2, and 3 variants with persistent 156-RASs had exceptionally high fitness and resistance to grazoprevir, paritaprevir, glecaprevir, and voxilaprevir. A156T dominated in genotype 1 glecaprevir and voxilaprevir escape variants, and pre-existing A156T facilitated genotype 1 escape from clinically relevant combination treatments with grazoprevir/elbasvir and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. In genotype 1 infected patients with treatment failure and 156-RASs, we observed genome-wide selection of substitutions under treatment. Conclusion: Comprehensive PI resistance profiling for HCV genotypes 1-6 revealed 156-RASs as key determinants of high-level resistance across clinically relevant PIs. We obtained in vitro proof of concept for persistence of highly fit genotype 1-3 156-variants, which might pose a threat to clinically relevant combination treatments. Protease inhibitors (PIs) are important components of treatment regimens for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, emergence and persistence of antiviral resistance could reduce their efficacy. Thus, defining resistance determinants is highly relevant for efforts to control HCV. Here, we investigated patterns of PI resistance–associated substitutions (RASs) for the major HCV genotypes and viral determinants for persistence of key RASs. We identified protease position 156 as a RAS hotspot for genotype 1‐4, but not 5 and 6, escape variants by resistance profiling using PIs grazoprevir and paritaprevir in infectious cell culture systems. However, except for genotype 3, engineered 156‐RASs were not maintained. For genotypes 1 and 2, persistence of 156‐RASs depended on genome‐wide substitution networks, co‐selected under continued PI treatment and identified by next‐generation sequencing with substitution linkage and haplotype reconstruction. Persistence of A156T for genotype 1 relied on compensatory substitutions increasing replication and assembly. For genotype 2, initial selection of A156V facilitated transition to 156L, persisting without compensatory substitutions. The developed genotype 1, 2, and 3 variants with persistent 156‐RASs had exceptionally high fitness and resistance to grazoprevir, paritaprevir, glecaprevir, and voxilaprevir. A156T dominated in genotype 1 glecaprevir and voxilaprevir escape variants, and pre‐existing A156T facilitated genotype 1 escape from clinically relevant combination treatments with grazoprevir/elbasvir and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. In genotype 1 infected patients with treatment failure and 156‐RASs, we observed genome‐wide selection of substitutions under treatment. Conclusion : Comprehensive PI resistance profiling for HCV genotypes 1‐6 revealed 156‐RASs as key determinants of high‐level resistance across clinically relevant PIs. We obtained in vitro proof of concept for persistence of highly fit genotype 1‐3 156‐variants, which might pose a threat to clinically relevant combination treatments. |
Author | Dietz, Julia Weis, Nina Tang, Qi Humes, Daryl Ghanem, Lubna Pihl, Anne Finne Ramirez, Santseharay Pawlotsky, Jean‐Michel Jensen, Sanne Brun Sølund, Christina Søhoel Sarrazin, Christoph Schønning, Kristian Pedersen, Martin Schou Fahnøe, Ulrik Bukh, Jens Serre, Stéphanie Brigitte Nelly Pham, Long V. Fourati, Slim Krarup, Henrik Filskov, Jonathan Gottwein, Judith Margarete |
AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Internal Medicine 1 University Hospital Frankfurt, and German Center for Infection Research, External Partner Site Frankfurt Germany 3 Department of Infectious Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Denmark 5 National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and D, Department of Virology Henri Mondor Hospital, University of Paris‐Est, and INSERM U955 Créteil France 7 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark 6 Medizinische Klinik II, St. Josefs‐Hospital Wiesbaden Germany 1 Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO‐HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark 2 Department of Clinical Microbiology Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Denmark 8 Department of Molecular Diagnostics Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO‐HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark – name: 6 Medizinische Klinik II, St. Josefs‐Hospital Wiesbaden Germany – name: 2 Department of Clinical Microbiology Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Denmark – name: 4 Department of Internal Medicine 1 University Hospital Frankfurt, and German Center for Infection Research, External Partner Site Frankfurt Germany – name: 8 Department of Molecular Diagnostics Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark – name: 5 National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and D, Department of Virology Henri Mondor Hospital, University of Paris‐Est, and INSERM U955 Créteil France – name: 7 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark – name: 3 Department of Infectious Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Denmark |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sanne Brun surname: Jensen fullname: Jensen, Sanne Brun organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 2 givenname: Ulrik surname: Fahnøe fullname: Fahnøe, Ulrik organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 3 givenname: Long V. surname: Pham fullname: Pham, Long V. organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 4 givenname: Stéphanie Brigitte Nelly surname: Serre fullname: Serre, Stéphanie Brigitte Nelly organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 5 givenname: Qi surname: Tang fullname: Tang, Qi organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 6 givenname: Lubna surname: Ghanem fullname: Ghanem, Lubna organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 7 givenname: Martin Schou surname: Pedersen fullname: Pedersen, Martin Schou organization: Copenhagen University Hospital – sequence: 8 givenname: Santseharay surname: Ramirez fullname: Ramirez, Santseharay organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 9 givenname: Daryl surname: Humes fullname: Humes, Daryl organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 10 givenname: Anne Finne surname: Pihl fullname: Pihl, Anne Finne organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 11 givenname: Jonathan surname: Filskov fullname: Filskov, Jonathan organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 12 givenname: Christina Søhoel surname: Sølund fullname: Sølund, Christina Søhoel organization: Copenhagen University Hospital – sequence: 13 givenname: Julia surname: Dietz fullname: Dietz, Julia organization: University Hospital Frankfurt, and German Center for Infection Research, External Partner Site – sequence: 14 givenname: Slim surname: Fourati fullname: Fourati, Slim organization: Henri Mondor Hospital, University of Paris‐Est, and INSERM U955 – sequence: 15 givenname: Jean‐Michel surname: Pawlotsky fullname: Pawlotsky, Jean‐Michel organization: Henri Mondor Hospital, University of Paris‐Est, and INSERM U955 – sequence: 16 givenname: Christoph surname: Sarrazin fullname: Sarrazin, Christoph organization: Medizinische Klinik II, St. Josefs‐Hospital – sequence: 17 givenname: Nina surname: Weis fullname: Weis, Nina organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 18 givenname: Kristian surname: Schønning fullname: Schønning, Kristian organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 19 givenname: Henrik surname: Krarup fullname: Krarup, Henrik organization: Aalborg University Hospital – sequence: 20 givenname: Jens orcidid: 0000-0002-7815-4806 surname: Bukh fullname: Bukh, Jens organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 21 givenname: Judith Margarete orcidid: 0000-0003-2805-0256 surname: Gottwein fullname: Gottwein, Judith Margarete email: jgottwein@sund.ku.dk organization: University of Copenhagen |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30964552$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Copyright | 2019 The Authors. Hepatology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. 2019 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 These authors contributed equally to this work. Potential conflict of interest: Dr. Weis advises and is on the speakers’ bureau for Bristol‐Myers Squibb, MSD, and AbbVie; she advises for GSK and is on the speakers’ bureau for Gilead. Dr. Fourati consults for AbbVie. Dr. Pawlotsky received research grants from Abbott and Abbvie; he acted as an advisor for Abbott, Abbvie, Gilead, Merck and Siemens Healthcare. Dr. Sarrazin is a speaker and advisor for AbbVie, Gilead and MSD. Supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research–Medical Sciences (S.R., D.H., J.B., and J.M.G.), including a Sapere Aude advanced‐top researcher grant (J.B.); Region Hovedstadens Forskningsfond (S.R., J.B., and J.M.G.); the Lundbeck Foundation (S.R. and J.B.); the Novo Nordisk Foundation (J.B. and J.M.G.), including the Novo Nordisk Prize (J.B.), the Candys Foundation (L.V.P., A.F.P., J.B., and J.M.G), and the Innovation Fund Denmark (J.B.); Agence National de Recherche sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales (S.F. and J.‐M.P.); German Center of Infection Research, TTU Hepatitis (J.D and C.S.); Ph.D. stipends and/or bonuses from the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University to S.B.J., L.V.P., S.B.N.S., A.F.P., J.F., and C.S.S (J.B. and J.M.G). |
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system permits identification of escape variants with resistance to sofosbuvir publication-title: Gastroenterology doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.013 |
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SubjectTerms | Anilides - therapeutic use Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Benzimidazoles - therapeutic use Carbamates - therapeutic use Cell culture Chronic infection Denmark Disease hot spots Disease resistance Drug Resistance, Viral - genetics Drug Therapy, Combination Female Genomes Genotype Genotype & phenotype Genotypes Haplotypes Hepacivirus - drug effects Hepacivirus - genetics Hepatitis Hepatitis C Hepatitis C, Chronic - diagnosis Hepatitis C, Chronic - drug therapy Hepatology Humans Interferon Male Original Prognosis Protease Inhibitors - pharmacology Protease Inhibitors - therapeutic use Proteinase inhibitors Quinoxalines - therapeutic use Reproductive fitness Sulfonamides - therapeutic use Uracil - analogs & derivatives Uracil - therapeutic use |
Title | Evolutionary Pathways to Persistence of Highly Fit and Resistant Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor Escape Variants |
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