Measuring Daphnia life history in the wild: The efficacy of individual field cages
Life‐history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and nutrition vary greatly between laboratory and field environments, making it difficult to compare results. Consequently, there is a...
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| Published in | Ecology and evolution Vol. 11; no. 23; pp. 16927 - 16935 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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England
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.12.2021
John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Life‐history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and nutrition vary greatly between laboratory and field environments, making it difficult to compare results. Consequently, there is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as Daphnia where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we present a proof of principle study showing that field cages are a reliable method for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in Daphnia magna. As a first step, we compared the life history of paired animals reared outside and inside cages to test the hypothesis that cages allow free flow of algal food resources. We then used a seminatural mesocosm setting to compare the performance of individual field cages versus glass jars refilled with mesocosm water each day. We found that cages did not inhibit food flow and that differences in life histories between three clones detected in the jar assays were also detectable using the much less labor‐intensive field cages. We conclude that field cages are a feasible approach for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in systems such as Daphnia where individual animals cannot be marked and tracked.
There is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as Daphnia where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we test the hypothesis that field cages are a useful method for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in Daphnia magna. We provide evidence that our cage design allows the collection of realistic, reliable, and repeatable measurements of life‐history data in the natural setting, as animals inside the cages experience the environment in the same way as those outside. |
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| AbstractList | Life‐history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and nutrition vary greatly between laboratory and field environments, making it difficult to compare results. Consequently, there is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as Daphnia where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we present a proof of principle study showing that field cages are a reliable method for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in Daphnia magna. As a first step, we compared the life history of paired animals reared outside and inside cages to test the hypothesis that cages allow free flow of algal food resources. We then used a seminatural mesocosm setting to compare the performance of individual field cages versus glass jars refilled with mesocosm water each day. We found that cages did not inhibit food flow and that differences in life histories between three clones detected in the jar assays were also detectable using the much less labor‐intensive field cages. We conclude that field cages are a feasible approach for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in systems such as Daphnia where individual animals cannot be marked and tracked.
There is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as Daphnia where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we test the hypothesis that field cages are a useful method for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in Daphnia magna. We provide evidence that our cage design allows the collection of realistic, reliable, and repeatable measurements of life‐history data in the natural setting, as animals inside the cages experience the environment in the same way as those outside. Life-history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and nutrition vary greatly between laboratory and field environments, making it difficult to compare results. Consequently, there is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as Daphnia where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we present a proof of principle study showing that field cages are a reliable method for collecting individual-level life-history data in Daphnia magna. As a first step, we compared the life history of paired animals reared outside and inside cages to test the hypothesis that cages allow free flow of algal food resources. We then used a seminatural mesocosm setting to compare the performance of individual field cages versus glass jars refilled with mesocosm water each day. We found that cages did not inhibit food flow and that differences in life histories between three clones detected in the jar assays were also detectable using the much less labor-intensive field cages. We conclude that field cages are a feasible approach for collecting individual-level life-history data in systems such as Daphnia where individual animals cannot be marked and tracked. Life‐history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and nutrition vary greatly between laboratory and field environments, making it difficult to compare results. Consequently, there is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as Daphnia where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we present a proof of principle study showing that field cages are a reliable method for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in Daphnia magna . As a first step, we compared the life history of paired animals reared outside and inside cages to test the hypothesis that cages allow free flow of algal food resources. We then used a seminatural mesocosm setting to compare the performance of individual field cages versus glass jars refilled with mesocosm water each day. We found that cages did not inhibit food flow and that differences in life histories between three clones detected in the jar assays were also detectable using the much less labor‐intensive field cages. We conclude that field cages are a feasible approach for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in systems such as Daphnia where individual animals cannot be marked and tracked. There is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as Daphnia where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we test the hypothesis that field cages are a useful method for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in Daphnia magna . We provide evidence that our cage design allows the collection of realistic, reliable, and repeatable measurements of life‐history data in the natural setting, as animals inside the cages experience the environment in the same way as those outside. Life-history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and nutrition vary greatly between laboratory and field environments, making it difficult to compare results. Consequently, there is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we present a proof of principle study showing that field cages are a reliable method for collecting individual-level life-history data in . As a first step, we compared the life history of paired animals reared outside and inside cages to test the hypothesis that cages allow free flow of algal food resources. We then used a seminatural mesocosm setting to compare the performance of individual field cages versus glass jars refilled with mesocosm water each day. We found that cages did not inhibit food flow and that differences in life histories between three clones detected in the jar assays were also detectable using the much less labor-intensive field cages. We conclude that field cages are a feasible approach for collecting individual-level life-history data in systems such as where individual animals cannot be marked and tracked. Life‐history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and nutrition vary greatly between laboratory and field environments, making it difficult to compare results. Consequently, there is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as Daphnia where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we present a proof of principle study showing that field cages are a reliable method for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in Daphnia magna . As a first step, we compared the life history of paired animals reared outside and inside cages to test the hypothesis that cages allow free flow of algal food resources. We then used a seminatural mesocosm setting to compare the performance of individual field cages versus glass jars refilled with mesocosm water each day. We found that cages did not inhibit food flow and that differences in life histories between three clones detected in the jar assays were also detectable using the much less labor‐intensive field cages. We conclude that field cages are a feasible approach for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in systems such as Daphnia where individual animals cannot be marked and tracked. Abstract Life‐history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and nutrition vary greatly between laboratory and field environments, making it difficult to compare results. Consequently, there is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as Daphnia where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we present a proof of principle study showing that field cages are a reliable method for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in Daphnia magna. As a first step, we compared the life history of paired animals reared outside and inside cages to test the hypothesis that cages allow free flow of algal food resources. We then used a seminatural mesocosm setting to compare the performance of individual field cages versus glass jars refilled with mesocosm water each day. We found that cages did not inhibit food flow and that differences in life histories between three clones detected in the jar assays were also detectable using the much less labor‐intensive field cages. We conclude that field cages are a feasible approach for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in systems such as Daphnia where individual animals cannot be marked and tracked. |
| Author | Sadler, Daniel E. Reynolds, Alan White, Nicola Price, Stephen O’Connor, Michael Brunner, Franziska S. Plaistow, Stewart J. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Institute of Infection Veterinary & Ecological Sciences The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Institute of Infection Veterinary & Ecological Sciences The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michael orcidid: 0000-0003-0880-0486 surname: O’Connor fullname: O’Connor, Michael organization: The University of Liverpool – sequence: 2 givenname: Daniel E. orcidid: 0000-0001-9715-3270 surname: Sadler fullname: Sadler, Daniel E. organization: The University of Liverpool – sequence: 3 givenname: Franziska S. orcidid: 0000-0002-6571-6945 surname: Brunner fullname: Brunner, Franziska S. organization: The University of Liverpool – sequence: 4 givenname: Alan surname: Reynolds fullname: Reynolds, Alan organization: The University of Liverpool – sequence: 5 givenname: Nicola orcidid: 0000-0001-5800-4715 surname: White fullname: White, Nicola organization: The University of Liverpool – sequence: 6 givenname: Stephen surname: Price fullname: Price, Stephen organization: The University of Liverpool – sequence: 7 givenname: Stewart J. orcidid: 0000-0002-9003-6271 surname: Plaistow fullname: Plaistow, Stewart J. email: s.plaistow@liv.ac.uk organization: The University of Liverpool |
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| Snippet | Life‐history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature,... Life-history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature,... Abstract Life‐history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as... |
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| SubjectTerms | Age Algae Animals Cages Daphnia Design Evolution Evolutionary biology Experiments field cage field experiment Food Food resources Free flow Laboratories Life history Life history studies multivariate phenotype Nutrition Organisms Realism |
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| Title | Measuring Daphnia life history in the wild: The efficacy of individual field cages |
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