High diversity and local endemism in Aotearoa New Zealand's groundwater crustacean fauna

We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether biodiversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand are similar to those of more tectonically stable continents. Sixty‐five wells w...

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Published inEcology and evolution Vol. 11; no. 22; pp. 15664 - 15682
Main Authors Fenwick, Graham D., Greenwood, Michelle J., Hogg, Ian D., Meyer, Stacey J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.11.2021
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Wiley
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ISSN2045-7758
2045-7758
DOI10.1002/ece3.8220

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Abstract We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether biodiversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand are similar to those of more tectonically stable continents. Sixty‐five wells were sampled in seven aquifers across four regions within the North and South islands of New Zealand, and resident invertebrates were morphologically identified and then assessed using sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene. Invertebrates were found in 54 wells. Of the 228 individual amphipods and isopods found in 36 of the wells, 154 individuals were successfully sequenced for COI (68% success rate) from 25 wells, with at least one well in each aquifer containing sequenced individuals. Of the 45 putative species identified using Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 30 BINs (78% of all taxa and 83% of amphipods) were previously unrecorded. Substantial morphologically cryptic, species‐level diversity was revealed, particularly within the amphipod Family Paraleptamphopidae. Similarly, one isopod taxon morphologically identified as Cruregens fontanus was assigned to five well‐separated BINs based on COI sequences. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Non‐saturated species accumulation curves indicated that, while additional sampling may increase the range of some currently identified taxa, additional range‐restricted taxa are also likely to be discovered. Patterns of diversity and short‐range endemism were similar to those found elsewhere, including locations which are more tectonically stable. The predominance of local endemism within New Zealand's groundwater fauna suggests that land‐use activities and groundwater extraction require careful evaluation to minimize threats to groundwater biodiversity. We used DNA sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene to examine the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to compare diversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand relative to more tectonically stable continents. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Patterns of diversity and short‐range endemism were similar to those observed elsewhere, including more tectonically stable locations.
AbstractList We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether biodiversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand are similar to those of more tectonically stable continents. Sixty‐five wells were sampled in seven aquifers across four regions within the North and South islands of New Zealand, and resident invertebrates were morphologically identified and then assessed using sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene. Invertebrates were found in 54 wells. Of the 228 individual amphipods and isopods found in 36 of the wells, 154 individuals were successfully sequenced for COI (68% success rate) from 25 wells, with at least one well in each aquifer containing sequenced individuals. Of the 45 putative species identified using Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 30 BINs (78% of all taxa and 83% of amphipods) were previously unrecorded. Substantial morphologically cryptic, species‐level diversity was revealed, particularly within the amphipod Family Paraleptamphopidae. Similarly, one isopod taxon morphologically identified as Cruregens fontanus was assigned to five well‐separated BINs based on COI sequences. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Non‐saturated species accumulation curves indicated that, while additional sampling may increase the range of some currently identified taxa, additional range‐restricted taxa are also likely to be discovered. Patterns of diversity and short‐range endemism were similar to those found elsewhere, including locations which are more tectonically stable. The predominance of local endemism within New Zealand's groundwater fauna suggests that land‐use activities and groundwater extraction require careful evaluation to minimize threats to groundwater biodiversity.
Abstract We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether biodiversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand are similar to those of more tectonically stable continents. Sixty‐five wells were sampled in seven aquifers across four regions within the North and South islands of New Zealand, and resident invertebrates were morphologically identified and then assessed using sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene. Invertebrates were found in 54 wells. Of the 228 individual amphipods and isopods found in 36 of the wells, 154 individuals were successfully sequenced for COI (68% success rate) from 25 wells, with at least one well in each aquifer containing sequenced individuals. Of the 45 putative species identified using Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 30 BINs (78% of all taxa and 83% of amphipods) were previously unrecorded. Substantial morphologically cryptic, species‐level diversity was revealed, particularly within the amphipod Family Paraleptamphopidae. Similarly, one isopod taxon morphologically identified as Cruregens fontanus was assigned to five well‐separated BINs based on COI sequences. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Non‐saturated species accumulation curves indicated that, while additional sampling may increase the range of some currently identified taxa, additional range‐restricted taxa are also likely to be discovered. Patterns of diversity and short‐range endemism were similar to those found elsewhere, including locations which are more tectonically stable. The predominance of local endemism within New Zealand's groundwater fauna suggests that land‐use activities and groundwater extraction require careful evaluation to minimize threats to groundwater biodiversity.
We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether biodiversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand are similar to those of more tectonically stable continents. Sixty-five wells were sampled in seven aquifers across four regions within the North and South islands of New Zealand, and resident invertebrates were morphologically identified and then assessed using sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) gene. Invertebrates were found in 54 wells. Of the 228 individual amphipods and isopods found in 36 of the wells, 154 individuals were successfully sequenced for COI (68% success rate) from 25 wells, with at least one well in each aquifer containing sequenced individuals. Of the 45 putative species identified using Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 30 BINs (78% of all taxa and 83% of amphipods) were previously unrecorded. Substantial morphologically cryptic, species-level diversity was revealed, particularly within the amphipod Family Paraleptamphopidae. Similarly, one isopod taxon morphologically identified as was assigned to five well-separated BINs based on COI sequences. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Non-saturated species accumulation curves indicated that, while additional sampling may increase the range of some currently identified taxa, additional range-restricted taxa are also likely to be discovered. Patterns of diversity and short-range endemism were similar to those found elsewhere, including locations which are more tectonically stable. The predominance of local endemism within New Zealand's groundwater fauna suggests that land-use activities and groundwater extraction require careful evaluation to minimize threats to groundwater biodiversity.
We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether biodiversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand are similar to those of more tectonically stable continents. Sixty‐five wells were sampled in seven aquifers across four regions within the North and South islands of New Zealand, and resident invertebrates were morphologically identified and then assessed using sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene. Invertebrates were found in 54 wells. Of the 228 individual amphipods and isopods found in 36 of the wells, 154 individuals were successfully sequenced for COI (68% success rate) from 25 wells, with at least one well in each aquifer containing sequenced individuals. Of the 45 putative species identified using Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 30 BINs (78% of all taxa and 83% of amphipods) were previously unrecorded. Substantial morphologically cryptic, species‐level diversity was revealed, particularly within the amphipod Family Paraleptamphopidae. Similarly, one isopod taxon morphologically identified as Cruregens fontanus was assigned to five well‐separated BINs based on COI sequences. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Non‐saturated species accumulation curves indicated that, while additional sampling may increase the range of some currently identified taxa, additional range‐restricted taxa are also likely to be discovered. Patterns of diversity and short‐range endemism were similar to those found elsewhere, including locations which are more tectonically stable. The predominance of local endemism within New Zealand's groundwater fauna suggests that land‐use activities and groundwater extraction require careful evaluation to minimize threats to groundwater biodiversity. We used DNA sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene to examine the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to compare diversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand relative to more tectonically stable continents. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Patterns of diversity and short‐range endemism were similar to those observed elsewhere, including more tectonically stable locations.
We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether biodiversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand are similar to those of more tectonically stable continents. Sixty‐five wells were sampled in seven aquifers across four regions within the North and South islands of New Zealand, and resident invertebrates were morphologically identified and then assessed using sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene. Invertebrates were found in 54 wells. Of the 228 individual amphipods and isopods found in 36 of the wells, 154 individuals were successfully sequenced for COI (68% success rate) from 25 wells, with at least one well in each aquifer containing sequenced individuals. Of the 45 putative species identified using Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 30 BINs (78% of all taxa and 83% of amphipods) were previously unrecorded. Substantial morphologically cryptic, species‐level diversity was revealed, particularly within the amphipod Family Paraleptamphopidae. Similarly, one isopod taxon morphologically identified as Cruregens fontanus was assigned to five well‐separated BINs based on COI sequences. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Non‐saturated species accumulation curves indicated that, while additional sampling may increase the range of some currently identified taxa, additional range‐restricted taxa are also likely to be discovered. Patterns of diversity and short‐range endemism were similar to those found elsewhere, including locations which are more tectonically stable. The predominance of local endemism within New Zealand's groundwater fauna suggests that land‐use activities and groundwater extraction require careful evaluation to minimize threats to groundwater biodiversity.
We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether biodiversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand are similar to those of more tectonically stable continents. Sixty-five wells were sampled in seven aquifers across four regions within the North and South islands of New Zealand, and resident invertebrates were morphologically identified and then assessed using sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene. Invertebrates were found in 54 wells. Of the 228 individual amphipods and isopods found in 36 of the wells, 154 individuals were successfully sequenced for COI (68% success rate) from 25 wells, with at least one well in each aquifer containing sequenced individuals. Of the 45 putative species identified using Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 30 BINs (78% of all taxa and 83% of amphipods) were previously unrecorded. Substantial morphologically cryptic, species-level diversity was revealed, particularly within the amphipod Family Paraleptamphopidae. Similarly, one isopod taxon morphologically identified as Cruregens fontanus was assigned to five well-separated BINs based on COI sequences. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Non-saturated species accumulation curves indicated that, while additional sampling may increase the range of some currently identified taxa, additional range-restricted taxa are also likely to be discovered. Patterns of diversity and short-range endemism were similar to those found elsewhere, including locations which are more tectonically stable. The predominance of local endemism within New Zealand's groundwater fauna suggests that land-use activities and groundwater extraction require careful evaluation to minimize threats to groundwater biodiversity.We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether biodiversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand are similar to those of more tectonically stable continents. Sixty-five wells were sampled in seven aquifers across four regions within the North and South islands of New Zealand, and resident invertebrates were morphologically identified and then assessed using sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene. Invertebrates were found in 54 wells. Of the 228 individual amphipods and isopods found in 36 of the wells, 154 individuals were successfully sequenced for COI (68% success rate) from 25 wells, with at least one well in each aquifer containing sequenced individuals. Of the 45 putative species identified using Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 30 BINs (78% of all taxa and 83% of amphipods) were previously unrecorded. Substantial morphologically cryptic, species-level diversity was revealed, particularly within the amphipod Family Paraleptamphopidae. Similarly, one isopod taxon morphologically identified as Cruregens fontanus was assigned to five well-separated BINs based on COI sequences. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Non-saturated species accumulation curves indicated that, while additional sampling may increase the range of some currently identified taxa, additional range-restricted taxa are also likely to be discovered. Patterns of diversity and short-range endemism were similar to those found elsewhere, including locations which are more tectonically stable. The predominance of local endemism within New Zealand's groundwater fauna suggests that land-use activities and groundwater extraction require careful evaluation to minimize threats to groundwater biodiversity.
We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether biodiversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand are similar to those of more tectonically stable continents. Sixty‐five wells were sampled in seven aquifers across four regions within the North and South islands of New Zealand, and resident invertebrates were morphologically identified and then assessed using sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene. Invertebrates were found in 54 wells. Of the 228 individual amphipods and isopods found in 36 of the wells, 154 individuals were successfully sequenced for COI (68% success rate) from 25 wells, with at least one well in each aquifer containing sequenced individuals. Of the 45 putative species identified using Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 30 BINs (78% of all taxa and 83% of amphipods) were previously unrecorded. Substantial morphologically cryptic, species‐level diversity was revealed, particularly within the amphipod Family Paraleptamphopidae. Similarly, one isopod taxon morphologically identified as Cruregens fontanus was assigned to five well‐separated BINs based on COI sequences. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Non‐saturated species accumulation curves indicated that, while additional sampling may increase the range of some currently identified taxa, additional range‐restricted taxa are also likely to be discovered. Patterns of diversity and short‐range endemism were similar to those found elsewhere, including locations which are more tectonically stable. The predominance of local endemism within New Zealand's groundwater fauna suggests that land‐use activities and groundwater extraction require careful evaluation to minimize threats to groundwater biodiversity. We used DNA sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI) gene to examine the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to compare diversity and endemism within tectonically active New Zealand relative to more tectonically stable continents. Endemism appeared high, with all taxa regionally endemic; 87% of species were restricted to one aquifer and more than 50% restricted to one well. Patterns of diversity and short‐range endemism were similar to those observed elsewhere, including more tectonically stable locations.
Author Meyer, Stacey J.
Greenwood, Michelle J.
Hogg, Ian D.
Fenwick, Graham D.
AuthorAffiliation 2 Te Aka Mātuatua/School of Science Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato/University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand
3 Polar Knowledge Canada Canadian High Arctic Research Station Cambridge Bay Nunavut Canada
1 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Christchurch New Zealand
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Christchurch New Zealand
– name: 2 Te Aka Mātuatua/School of Science Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato/University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand
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  surname: Fenwick
  fullname: Fenwick, Graham D.
  organization: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
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  surname: Greenwood
  fullname: Greenwood, Michelle J.
  organization: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
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  givenname: Ian D.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6685-0089
  surname: Hogg
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  fullname: Meyer, Stacey J.
  organization: Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato/University of Waikato
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34824781$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1111_1755_0998_13792
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crossref_primary_10_1080_00288330_2022_2117203
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Issue 22
Keywords cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI)
diversity
Isopoda
mitochondrial DNA
stygofauna
groundwater
endemism
Amphipoda
Language English
License Attribution
2021 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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ORCID 0000-0002-6685-0089
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1002/ece3.8220
PMID 34824781
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PublicationDate November 2021
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Snippet We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether...
Abstract We used DNA barcoding to assess the diversity and distribution of New Zealand's groundwater amphipods and isopods (Crustacea) and to determine whether...
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StartPage 15664
SubjectTerms Amphipoda
Aquifers
Biodiversity
Crustaceans
cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI)
Cytochrome-c oxidase
Cytochromes
Deoxyribonucleic acid
diversity
DNA
DNA barcoding
DNA sequencing
Ecosystems
Endemic species
Endemism
Fauna
Groundwater
Hydrology
Invertebrates
Isopoda
Land use
Mitochondrial DNA
Species diversity
stygofauna
Taxa
Threat evaluation
Wells
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Title High diversity and local endemism in Aotearoa New Zealand's groundwater crustacean fauna
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fece3.8220
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Volume 11
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