Pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Although necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most lethal gastrointestinal disease in the neonatal population, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Risk factors include prematurity, bacterial colonization, and formula feeding. This review examines how mucosal injury permits opportunistic pathoge...
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| Published in | Pediatric surgery international Vol. 31; no. 6; pp. 509 - 518 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.06.2015
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Although necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most lethal gastrointestinal disease in the neonatal population, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Risk factors include prematurity, bacterial colonization, and formula feeding. This review examines how mucosal injury permits opportunistic pathogens to breach the gut barrier and incite an inflammatory response that leads to sustained overproduction of mediators such as nitric oxide and its potent adduct, peroxynitrite. These mediators not only exacerbate the initial mucosal injury, but they also suppress the intestinal repair mechanisms, which further compromises the gut barrier and culminates in bacterial translocation, sepsis, and full-blown NEC. |
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| AbstractList | Although necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most lethal gastrointestinal disease in the neonatal population, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Risk factors include prematurity, bacterial colonization, and formula feeding. This review examines how mucosal injury permits opportunistic pathogens to breach the gut barrier and incite an inflammatory response that leads to sustained overproduction of mediators such as nitric oxide and its potent adduct, peroxynitrite. These mediators not only exacerbate the initial mucosal injury, but they also suppress the intestinal repair mechanisms, which further compromises the gut barrier and culminates in bacterial translocation, sepsis, and full-blown NEC. |
| Author | Golden, Jamie M. Ford, Henri R. Lim, Joanna C. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Joanna C. surname: Lim fullname: Lim, Joanna C. organization: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles – sequence: 2 givenname: Jamie M. surname: Golden fullname: Golden, Jamie M. organization: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles – sequence: 3 givenname: Henri R. surname: Ford fullname: Ford, Henri R. email: HFord@chla.usc.edu organization: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25854935$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - pathology Humans Infant, Newborn Infant, Newborn, Diseases - pathology Intestinal Mucosa - pathology Intestines - pathology Medicine Medicine & Public Health Pediatric Surgery Pediatrics Review Article Surgery |
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| Title | Pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis |
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