Silicatein Filaments and Subunits from a Marine Sponge Direct the Polymerization of Silica and Silicones in vitro
Nanoscale control of the polymerization of silicon and oxygen determines the structures and properties of a wide range of siloxane-based materials, including glasses, ceramics, mesoporous molecular sieves and catalysts, elastomers, resins, insulators, optical coatings, and photoluminescent polymers....
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| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 96; no. 2; pp. 361 - 365 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
19.01.1999
National Acad Sciences National Academy of Sciences |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Nanoscale control of the polymerization of silicon and oxygen determines the structures and properties of a wide range of siloxane-based materials, including glasses, ceramics, mesoporous molecular sieves and catalysts, elastomers, resins, insulators, optical coatings, and photoluminescent polymers. In contrast to anthropogenic and geological syntheses of these materials that require extremes of temperature, pressure, or pH, living systems produce a remarkable diversity of nanostructured silicates at ambient temperatures and pressures and at near-neutral pH. We show here that the protein filaments and their constituent subunits comprising the axial cores of silica spicules in a marine sponge chemically and spatially direct the polymerization of silica and silicone polymer networks from the corresponding alkoxide substrates in vitro, under conditions in which such syntheses otherwise require either an acid or base catalyst. Homology of the principal protein to the well known enzyme cathepsin L points to a possible reaction mechanism that is supported by recent site-directed mutagenesis experiments. The catalytic activity of the "silicatein" (silica protein) molecule suggests new routes to the synthesis of silicon-based materials. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Nanoscale control of the polymerization of silicon and oxygen
determines the structures and properties of a wide range of
siloxane-based materials, including glasses, ceramics, mesoporous
molecular sieves and catalysts, elastomers, resins, insulators, optical
coatings, and photoluminescent polymers. In contrast to anthropogenic
and geological syntheses of these materials that require extremes of
temperature, pressure, or pH, living systems produce a remarkable
diversity of nanostructured silicates at ambient temperatures and
pressures and at near-neutral pH. We show here that the protein
filaments and their constituent subunits comprising the axial cores of
silica spicules in a marine sponge chemically and spatially direct the
polymerization of silica and silicone polymer networks from the
corresponding alkoxide substrates
in vitro
, under
conditions in which such syntheses otherwise require either an acid or
base catalyst. Homology of the principal protein to the well known
enzyme cathepsin L points to a possible reaction mechanism that is
supported by recent site-directed mutagenesis experiments. The
catalytic activity of the “silicatein” (
silica
pro
tein
) molecule suggests new routes to the synthesis
of silicon-based materials. Nanoscale control of the polymerization of silicon and oxygen determines the structures and properties of a wide range of siloxane-based materials, including glasses, ceramics, mesoporous molecular sieves and catalysts, elastomers, resins, insulators, optical coatings, and photoluminescent polymers. In contrast to anthropogenic and geological syntheses of these materials that require extremes of temperature, pressure, or pH, living systems produce a remarkable diversity of nanostructured silicates at ambient temperatures and pressures and at near-neutral pH. We show here that the protein filaments and their constituent subunits comprising the axial cores of silica spicules in a marine sponge chemically and spatially direct the polymerization of silica and silicone polymer networks from the corresponding alkoxide substrates in vitro, under conditions in which such syntheses otherwise require either an acid or base catalyst. Homology of the principal protein to the well known enzyme cathepsin L points to a possible reaction mechanism that is supported by recent site-directed mutagenesis experiments. The catalytic activity of the "silicatein" (silica protein) molecule suggests new routes to the synthesis of silicon-based materials. Nanoscale control of the polymerization of silicon and oxygen determines the structures and properties of a wide range of siloxane-based materials, including glasses, ceramics, mesoporous molecular sieves and catalysts, elastomers, resins, insulators, optical coatings, and photoluminescent polymers. In contrast to anthropogenic and geological syntheses of these materials that require extremes of temperature, pressure, or pH, living systems produce a remarkable diversity of nanostructured silicates at ambient temperatures and pressures and at near-neutral pH. We show here that the protein filaments and their constituent subunits comprising the axial cores of silica spicules in a marine sponge chemically and spatially direct the polymerization of silica and silicone polymer networks from the corresponding alkoxide substrates in vitro , under conditions in which such syntheses otherwise require either an acid or base catalyst. Homology of the principal protein to the well known enzyme cathepsin L points to a possible reaction mechanism that is supported by recent site-directed mutagenesis experiments. The catalytic activity of the “silicatein” ( silica pro tein ) molecule suggests new routes to the synthesis of silicon-based materials. Nanoscale control of the polymerization of silicon and oxygen determines the structures and properties of a wide range of siloxane-based materials, including glasses, ceramics, mesoporous molecular sieves and catalysts, elastomers, resins, insulators, optical coatings, and photoluminescent polymers. In contrast to anthropogenic and geological syntheses of these materials that require extremes of temperature, pressure, or pH, living systems produce a remarkable diversity of nanostructured silicates at ambient temperatures and pressures and at near-neutral pH. We show here that the protein filaments and their constituent subunits comprising the axial cores of silica spicules in a marine sponge chemically and spatially direct the polymerization of silica and silicone polymer networks from the corresponding alkoxide substrates in vitro , under conditions in which such syntheses otherwise require either an acid or base catalyst. Homology of the principal protein to the well known enzyme cathepsin L points to a possible reaction mechanism that is supported by recent site-directed mutagenesis experiments. The catalytic activity of the “silicatein” ( silica pro tein ) molecule suggests new routes to the synthesis of silicon-based materials. Nanoscale control of the polymerization of silicon and oxygen determines the structures and properties of a wide range of siloxane-based materials, including glasses, ceramics, mesoporous molecular sieves and catalysts, elastomers, resins, insulators, optical coatings, and photoluminescent polymers. |
| Author | Zhou, Yan Stucky, Galen D. Shimizu, Katsuhiko Morse, Daniel E. Cha, Jennifer N. Christiansen, Sean C. Chmelka, Bradley F. |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Chemistry, † Materials Research Laboratory, ‡ Marine Biotechnology Center, § Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, ¶ Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‖ Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Chemistry, † Materials Research Laboratory, ‡ Marine Biotechnology Center, § Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, ¶ Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‖ Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jennifer N. surname: Cha fullname: Cha, Jennifer N. – sequence: 2 givenname: Katsuhiko surname: Shimizu fullname: Shimizu, Katsuhiko – sequence: 3 givenname: Yan surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Yan – sequence: 4 givenname: Sean C. surname: Christiansen fullname: Christiansen, Sean C. – sequence: 5 givenname: Bradley F. surname: Chmelka fullname: Chmelka, Bradley F. – sequence: 6 givenname: Galen D. surname: Stucky fullname: Stucky, Galen D. – sequence: 7 givenname: Daniel E. surname: Morse fullname: Morse, Daniel E. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9892638$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Nanoscale control of the polymerization of silicon and oxygen determines the structures and properties of a wide range of siloxane-based materials, including... Nanoscale control of the polymerization of silicon and oxygen determines the structures and properties of a wide range of siloxane-based materials, including... |
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| StartPage | 361 |
| SubjectTerms | Actin Cytoskeleton - ultrastructure Alkoxides Animals Aquatic life Biochemistry Biological Sciences Catalysis Cathepsin L Cathepsins - chemistry Cathepsins - metabolism Cathepsins - ultrastructure Cellulose - metabolism Cellulose - ultrastructure Condensation Cysteine Endopeptidases Endopeptidases Enzymes Hydrogen Bonding Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Marine Materials Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Molecular Structure Polymerization Polymers - metabolism Porifera Porifera - metabolism Proteins Silanes - metabolism Silicon Silicon Dioxide - chemistry Siloxanes Sponges |
| Title | Silicatein Filaments and Subunits from a Marine Sponge Direct the Polymerization of Silica and Silicones in vitro |
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