Evidence for brain glial activation in chronic pain patients
Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal models, the role of glial cells in human pain disorders remains unknown. Here, using the novel technology of integrated positron emission tomo...
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| Published in | Brain (London, England : 1878) Vol. 138; no. 3; pp. 604 - 615 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Oxford University Press
01.03.2015
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0006-8950 1460-2156 1460-2156 |
| DOI | 10.1093/brain/awu377 |
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| Abstract | Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal models, the role of glial cells in human pain disorders remains unknown. Here, using the novel technology of integrated positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging and the recently developed radioligand (11)C-PBR28, we show increased brain levels of the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of glial activation, in patients with chronic low back pain. As the Ala147Thr polymorphism in the TSPO gene affects binding affinity for (11)C-PBR28, nine patient-control pairs were identified from a larger sample of subjects screened and genotyped, and compared in a matched-pairs design, in which each patient was matched to a TSPO polymorphism-, age- and sex-matched control subject (seven Ala/Ala and two Ala/Thr, five males and four females in each group; median age difference: 1 year; age range: 29-63 for patients and 28-65 for controls). Standardized uptake values normalized to whole brain were significantly higher in patients than controls in multiple brain regions, including thalamus and the putative somatosensory representations of the lumbar spine and leg. The thalamic levels of TSPO were negatively correlated with clinical pain and circulating levels of the proinflammatory citokine interleukin-6, suggesting that TSPO expression exerts pain-protective/anti-inflammatory effects in humans, as predicted by animal studies. Given the putative role of activated glia in the establishment and or maintenance of persistent pain, the present findings offer clinical implications that may serve to guide future studies of the pathophysiology and management of a variety of persistent pain conditions. |
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| AbstractList | Using integrated PET-MRI, Loggia et al. reveal elevated levels of the translocator protein (TSPO) in patients with chronic pain. As TSPO is a glial marker, these results provide the first demonstration of pain-related glial activation in humans. They also lend support to the pain-protective role of TSPO predicted by animal studies.Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal models, the role of glial cells in human pain disorders remains unknown. Here, using the novel technology of integrated positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging and the recently developed radioligand super(11)C-PBR28, we show increased brain levels of the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of glial activation, in patients with chronic low back pain. As the Ala147Thr polymorphism in the TSPO gene affects binding affinity for super(11)C-PBR28, nine patient-control pairs were identified from a larger sample of subjects screened and genotyped, and compared in a matched-pairs design, in which each patient was matched to a TSPO polymorphism-, age- and sex-matched control subject (seven Ala/Ala and two Ala/Thr, five males and four females in each group; median age difference: 1 year; age range: 29-63 for patients and 28-65 for controls). Standardized uptake values normalized to whole brain were significantly higher in patients than controls in multiple brain regions, including thalamus and the putative somatosensory representations of the lumbar spine and leg. The thalamic levels of TSPO were negatively correlated with clinical pain and circulating levels of the proinflammatory citokine interleukin-6, suggesting that TSPO expression exerts pain-protective/anti-inflammatory effects in humans, as predicted by animal studies. Given the putative role of activated glia in the establishment and or maintenance of persistent pain, the present findings offer clinical implications that may serve to guide future studies of the pathophysiology and management of a variety of persistent pain conditions.Using integrated PET-MRI, Loggia et al. reveal elevated levels of the translocator protein (TSPO) in patients with chronic pain. As TSPO is a glial marker, these results provide the first demonstration of pain-related glial activation in humans. They also lend support to the pain-protective role of TSPO predicted by animal studies. Using integrated PET-MRI, Loggia et al. reveal elevated levels of the translocator protein (TSPO) in patients with chronic pain. As TSPO is a glial marker, these results provide the first demonstration of pain-related glial activation in humans. They also lend support to the pain-protective role of TSPO predicted by animal studies. Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal models, the role of glial cells in human pain disorders remains unknown. Here, using the novel technology of integrated positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging and the recently developed radioligand 11 C-PBR28, we show increased brain levels of the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of glial activation, in patients with chronic low back pain. As the Ala147Thr polymorphism in the TSPO gene affects binding affinity for 11 C-PBR28, nine patient–control pairs were identified from a larger sample of subjects screened and genotyped, and compared in a matched-pairs design, in which each patient was matched to a TSPO polymorphism-, age- and sex-matched control subject (seven Ala/Ala and two Ala/Thr, five males and four females in each group; median age difference: 1 year; age range: 29–63 for patients and 28–65 for controls). Standardized uptake values normalized to whole brain were significantly higher in patients than controls in multiple brain regions, including thalamus and the putative somatosensory representations of the lumbar spine and leg. The thalamic levels of TSPO were negatively correlated with clinical pain and circulating levels of the proinflammatory citokine interleukin-6, suggesting that TSPO expression exerts pain-protective/anti-inflammatory effects in humans, as predicted by animal studies. Given the putative role of activated glia in the establishment and or maintenance of persistent pain, the present findings offer clinical implications that may serve to guide future studies of the pathophysiology and management of a variety of persistent pain conditions. Using integrated PET-MRI, Loggia et al. reveal elevated levels of the translocator protein (TSPO) in patients with chronic pain. As TSPO is a glial marker, these results provide the first demonstration of pain-related glial activation in humans. They also lend support to the pain-protective role of TSPO predicted by animal studies. Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal models, the role of glial cells in human pain disorders remains unknown. Here, using the novel technology of integrated positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging and the recently developed radioligand (11)C-PBR28, we show increased brain levels of the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of glial activation, in patients with chronic low back pain. As the Ala147Thr polymorphism in the TSPO gene affects binding affinity for (11)C-PBR28, nine patient-control pairs were identified from a larger sample of subjects screened and genotyped, and compared in a matched-pairs design, in which each patient was matched to a TSPO polymorphism-, age- and sex-matched control subject (seven Ala/Ala and two Ala/Thr, five males and four females in each group; median age difference: 1 year; age range: 29-63 for patients and 28-65 for controls). Standardized uptake values normalized to whole brain were significantly higher in patients than controls in multiple brain regions, including thalamus and the putative somatosensory representations of the lumbar spine and leg. The thalamic levels of TSPO were negatively correlated with clinical pain and circulating levels of the proinflammatory citokine interleukin-6, suggesting that TSPO expression exerts pain-protective/anti-inflammatory effects in humans, as predicted by animal studies. Given the putative role of activated glia in the establishment and or maintenance of persistent pain, the present findings offer clinical implications that may serve to guide future studies of the pathophysiology and management of a variety of persistent pain conditions. Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal models, the role of glial cells in human pain disorders remains unknown. Here, using the novel technology of integrated positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging and the recently developed radioligand (11)C-PBR28, we show increased brain levels of the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of glial activation, in patients with chronic low back pain. As the Ala147Thr polymorphism in the TSPO gene affects binding affinity for (11)C-PBR28, nine patient-control pairs were identified from a larger sample of subjects screened and genotyped, and compared in a matched-pairs design, in which each patient was matched to a TSPO polymorphism-, age- and sex-matched control subject (seven Ala/Ala and two Ala/Thr, five males and four females in each group; median age difference: 1 year; age range: 29-63 for patients and 28-65 for controls). Standardized uptake values normalized to whole brain were significantly higher in patients than controls in multiple brain regions, including thalamus and the putative somatosensory representations of the lumbar spine and leg. The thalamic levels of TSPO were negatively correlated with clinical pain and circulating levels of the proinflammatory citokine interleukin-6, suggesting that TSPO expression exerts pain-protective/anti-inflammatory effects in humans, as predicted by animal studies. Given the putative role of activated glia in the establishment and or maintenance of persistent pain, the present findings offer clinical implications that may serve to guide future studies of the pathophysiology and management of a variety of persistent pain conditions.Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal models, the role of glial cells in human pain disorders remains unknown. Here, using the novel technology of integrated positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging and the recently developed radioligand (11)C-PBR28, we show increased brain levels of the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of glial activation, in patients with chronic low back pain. As the Ala147Thr polymorphism in the TSPO gene affects binding affinity for (11)C-PBR28, nine patient-control pairs were identified from a larger sample of subjects screened and genotyped, and compared in a matched-pairs design, in which each patient was matched to a TSPO polymorphism-, age- and sex-matched control subject (seven Ala/Ala and two Ala/Thr, five males and four females in each group; median age difference: 1 year; age range: 29-63 for patients and 28-65 for controls). Standardized uptake values normalized to whole brain were significantly higher in patients than controls in multiple brain regions, including thalamus and the putative somatosensory representations of the lumbar spine and leg. The thalamic levels of TSPO were negatively correlated with clinical pain and circulating levels of the proinflammatory citokine interleukin-6, suggesting that TSPO expression exerts pain-protective/anti-inflammatory effects in humans, as predicted by animal studies. Given the putative role of activated glia in the establishment and or maintenance of persistent pain, the present findings offer clinical implications that may serve to guide future studies of the pathophysiology and management of a variety of persistent pain conditions. |
| Author | Hsu, Shirley Hill, Elena Ji, Ru-Rong Catana, Ciprian Wasan, Ajay D. Riley, Misha Edwards, Robert R. Izquierdo-Garcia, David Akeju, Oluwaseun Albrecht, Daniel S. Napadow, Vitaly Arabasz, Grae Chonde, Daniel B. Hooker, Jacob M. Vangel, Mark G. Loggia, Marco L. Rosen, Bruce R. Zürcher, Nicole R. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marco L. surname: Loggia fullname: Loggia, Marco L. – sequence: 2 givenname: Daniel B. surname: Chonde fullname: Chonde, Daniel B. – sequence: 3 givenname: Oluwaseun surname: Akeju fullname: Akeju, Oluwaseun – sequence: 4 givenname: Grae surname: Arabasz fullname: Arabasz, Grae – sequence: 5 givenname: Ciprian surname: Catana fullname: Catana, Ciprian – sequence: 6 givenname: Robert R. surname: Edwards fullname: Edwards, Robert R. – sequence: 7 givenname: Elena surname: Hill fullname: Hill, Elena – sequence: 8 givenname: Shirley surname: Hsu fullname: Hsu, Shirley – sequence: 9 givenname: David surname: Izquierdo-Garcia fullname: Izquierdo-Garcia, David – sequence: 10 givenname: Ru-Rong surname: Ji fullname: Ji, Ru-Rong – sequence: 11 givenname: Misha surname: Riley fullname: Riley, Misha – sequence: 12 givenname: Ajay D. surname: Wasan fullname: Wasan, Ajay D. – sequence: 13 givenname: Nicole R. surname: Zürcher fullname: Zürcher, Nicole R. – sequence: 14 givenname: Daniel S. surname: Albrecht fullname: Albrecht, Daniel S. – sequence: 15 givenname: Mark G. surname: Vangel fullname: Vangel, Mark G. – sequence: 16 givenname: Bruce R. surname: Rosen fullname: Rosen, Bruce R. – sequence: 17 givenname: Vitaly surname: Napadow fullname: Napadow, Vitaly – sequence: 18 givenname: Jacob M. surname: Hooker fullname: Hooker, Jacob M. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25582579$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal... Using integrated PET-MRI, Loggia et al. reveal elevated levels of the translocator protein (TSPO) in patients with chronic pain. As TSPO is a glial marker,... Using integrated PET-MRI, Loggia et al. reveal elevated levels of the translocator protein (TSPO) in patients with chronic pain. As TSPO is a glial marker,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - metabolism Brain - pathology Case-Control Studies Chronic Pain - diagnostic imaging Chronic Pain - genetics Chronic Pain - pathology Female Genotype Humans Interleukin-6 - blood Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Neuroglia - diagnostic imaging Neuroglia - pathology Original Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics Positron-Emission Tomography Pyrimidines Receptors, GABA - genetics Receptors, GABA - metabolism Statistics as Topic |
| Title | Evidence for brain glial activation in chronic pain patients |
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