Sex differences in anxiety and depression: circuits and mechanisms

• Published in: Nature reviews. Neuroscience Vol. 22; no. 11; pp. 674 - 684
• Main Authors: Bangasser, Debra A., Cuarenta, Amelia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.11.2021; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/378/1689/1300; 631/378/1689/1414; 631/378/1831; Analysis; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Animals; Anxiety; Anxiety - diagnosis; Anxiety - physiopathology; Anxiety - psychology; Anxiety disorders; Arousal; Behavioral Sciences; Biological Techniques; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Brain - physiopathology; Depression - diagnosis; Depression - physiopathology; Depression - psychology; Development and progression; Epidemiology; Female; Gender differences; Hedonic response; Humans; Information processing; Learned helplessness; Major depressive disorder; Male; Mental depression; Nerve Net - physiopathology; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Physiological aspects; Review Article; Risk factors; Sex Characteristics; Sex differences; Sex factors in disease; United States

Epidemiological sex differences in anxiety disorders and major depression are well characterized. Yet the circuits and mechanisms that contribute to these differences are understudied, because preclinical studies have historically excluded female rodents. This oversight is beginning to be addressed,...