Risk Factors for Primary Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Camel Workers in Qatar During 2013–2014: A Case-Control Study

The transmission routes and risk factors for zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are still unknown. We used the World Health Organization questionnaire for MERS-CoV case-control studies to assess risk factors for human MERS-CoV seropositivity at a farm complex...

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Published in	The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 215; no. 11; pp. 1702 - 1705
Main Authors	Sikkema, Reina S., Farag, Elmoubasher A. B. A., Himatt, Sayed, Ibrahim, Adel K., Al-Romaihi, Hamad, A. Al-Marri, Salih, Al-Thani, Mohamed, El-Sayed, Ahmed M., Al-Hajri, Mohammed, L. Haagmans, Bart, Koopmans, Marion P. G., Reusken, Chantal B. E. M.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	US Oxford University Press 01.06.2017
Subjects	Adult Animal Husbandry Animals Brief Report Camelus Case-Control Studies Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - transmission Coronavirus Infections - veterinary Humans Male Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Qatar - epidemiology Risk Factors VIRUSES Zoonoses - epidemiology Zoonoses - transmission coronavirus risk factors MERS-CoV transmission zoonotic
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Abstract	The transmission routes and risk factors for zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are still unknown. We used the World Health Organization questionnaire for MERS-CoV case-control studies to assess risk factors for human MERS-CoV seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Nine camel workers with MERS-CoV antibodies and 43 workers without antibodies were included. Some camel-related activities may pose a higher risk of MERS-CoV infection, as may cross-border movements of camels, poor hand hygiene, and overnight hospital stays with respiratory complaints. The risk factors identified in this study can be used to develop infection prevention and control measures for human MERS-CoV infections.
AbstractList	The transmission routes and risk factors for zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are still unknown. We used the World Health Organization questionnaire for MERS-CoV case-control studies to assess risk factors for human MERS-CoV seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Nine camel workers with MERS-CoV antibodies and 43 workers without antibodies were included. Some camel-related activities may pose a higher risk of MERS-CoV infection, as may cross-border movements of camels, poor hand hygiene, and overnight hospital stays with respiratory complaints. The risk factors identified in this study can be used to develop infection prevention and control measures for human MERS-CoV infections. Summary We assessed risk factors for human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Some camel-related activities, personal hygiene, cross-border camel movements, and hospital visits may pose a risk of MERS-CoV infection. The risk factors identified can be used to develop control measures. Abstract The transmission routes and risk factors for zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are still unknown. We used the World Health Organization questionnaire for MERS-CoV case-control studies to assess risk factors for human MERS-CoV seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Nine camel workers with MERS-CoV antibodies and 43 workers without antibodies were included. Some camel-related activities may pose a higher risk of MERS-CoV infection, as may cross-border movements of camels, poor hand hygiene, and overnight hospital stays with respiratory complaints. The risk factors identified in this study can be used to develop infection prevention and control measures for human MERS-CoV infections. The transmission routes and risk factors for zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are still unknown. We used the World Health Organization questionnaire for MERS-CoV case-control studies to assess risk factors for human MERS-CoV seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Nine camel workers with MERS-CoV antibodies and 43 workers without antibodies were included. Some camel-related activities may pose a higher risk of MERS-CoV infection, as may cross-border movements of camels, poor hand hygiene, and overnight hospital stays with respiratory complaints. The risk factors identified in this study can be used to develop infection prevention and control measures for human MERS-CoV infections.The transmission routes and risk factors for zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are still unknown. We used the World Health Organization questionnaire for MERS-CoV case-control studies to assess risk factors for human MERS-CoV seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Nine camel workers with MERS-CoV antibodies and 43 workers without antibodies were included. Some camel-related activities may pose a higher risk of MERS-CoV infection, as may cross-border movements of camels, poor hand hygiene, and overnight hospital stays with respiratory complaints. The risk factors identified in this study can be used to develop infection prevention and control measures for human MERS-CoV infections. We assessed risk factors for human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Some camel-related activities, personal hygiene, cross-border camel movements, and hospital visits may pose a risk of MERS-CoV infection. The risk factors identified can be used to develop control measures. The transmission routes and risk factors for zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are still unknown. We used the World Health Organization questionnaire for MERS-CoV case-control studies to assess risk factors for human MERS-CoV seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Nine camel workers with MERS-CoV antibodies and 43 workers without antibodies were included. Some camel-related activities may pose a higher risk of MERS-CoV infection, as may cross-border movements of camels, poor hand hygiene, and overnight hospital stays with respiratory complaints. The risk factors identified in this study can be used to develop infection prevention and control measures for human MERS-CoV infections.
Author	Ibrahim, Adel K. El-Sayed, Ahmed M. Himatt, Sayed A. Al-Marri, Salih Farag, Elmoubasher A. B. A. Al-Romaihi, Hamad Koopmans, Marion P. G. L. Haagmans, Bart Al-Hajri, Mohammed Al-Thani, Mohamed Reusken, Chantal B. E. M. Sikkema, Reina S.
AuthorAffiliation	1 Department of Viroscience , Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam , the Netherlands 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Egypt 2 Ministry of Public Health , Doha , Qatar ; and
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Ministry of Public Health , Doha , Qatar ; and – name: 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Egypt – name: 1 Department of Viroscience , Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam , the Netherlands
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Correspondence: R. Sikkema, MSc, DVM, Department Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (r.sikkema@erasmusmc.nl). R. S. S. and E. A. B. A. F. contributed equally to this report.
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Snippet	The transmission routes and risk factors for zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are still unknown. We used the World... Summary We assessed risk factors for human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Some... We assessed risk factors for human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Some camel-related...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Animal Husbandry Animals Brief Report Camelus Case-Control Studies Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - transmission Coronavirus Infections - veterinary Humans Male Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Qatar - epidemiology Risk Factors VIRUSES Zoonoses - epidemiology Zoonoses - transmission
Title	Risk Factors for Primary Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Camel Workers in Qatar During 2013–2014: A Case-Control Study
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