Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants

• Published in: Archives of toxicology Vol. 98; no. 5; pp. 1323 - 1367
• Main Authors: Jomova, Klaudia, Alomar, Suliman Y., Alwasel, Saleh H., Nepovimova, Eugenie, Kuca, Kamil, Valko, Marian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.05.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: alpha-tocopherol; Anthocyanins; Anthocyanins - metabolism; Anthocyanins - pharmacology; antioxidant activity; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Ascorbic acid; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Biomolecules; Cancer; carbon; Cardiovascular diseases; Carotene; Carotenoids; Catalase; Cerium; Chronic Disease; Chronic illnesses; Cobalt; copper; Environmental Health; Enzymes; Epicatechin; ferroptosis; Flavonoids; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydroxyl radicals; Hypochlorous acid; inflammation; iron; Lung cancer; Lung diseases; lungs; lutein; lycopene; Metabolic disorders; Metabolism; mitochondria; Molecular modelling; Molybdenum; NAD(P)H oxidase; Nanomaterials; Nanotechnology; Neoplasms; Neurological diseases; Neurotransmission; Nitric Oxide; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine; oxidation; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidase; Peroxynitrous Acid - pharmacology; Pharmacology/Toxicology; pollution; Pollution sources; quercetin; Radicals; reactive nitrogen species; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Review; Review Article; superoxide anion; Superoxide dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Superoxides; synaptic transmission; therapeutics; Tocopherol; Transcription factors; Vasodilation; Vitamin E; Weight; Xanthine oxidase; Oxidative stress; Low-molecular antioxidants; Chronic disease; Enzyme mimics; Antioxidant enzymes; ROS

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well recognized for playing a dual role, since they can be either deleterious or beneficial to biological systems. An imbalance between ROS production and elimination is termed oxidative stress, a critical factor and common denomi...