Cell shape dynamics during the staphylococcal cell cycle

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 6; no. 1; p. 8055
• Main Authors: Monteiro, João M., Fernandes, Pedro B., Vaz, Filipa, Pereira, Ana R., Tavares, Andreia C., Ferreira, Maria T., Pereira, Pedro M., Veiga, Helena, Kuru, Erkin, VanNieuwenhze, Michael S., Brun, Yves V., Filipe, Sérgio R., Pinho, Mariana G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 17.08.2015; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Pub. Group
• Subjects: 14/63; 631/326/41/1969; 631/80/641; Bacterial Proteins - genetics; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism; Cell Cycle - physiology; Cell Wall - metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial - physiology; Humanities and Social Sciences; multidisciplinary; Mutation; Osmotic Pressure; Plasmids - physiology; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Staphylococcus aureus - cytology; Staphylococcus aureus - physiology
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9055

Staphylococcus aureus is an aggressive pathogen and a model organism to study cell division in sequential orthogonal planes in spherical bacteria. However, the small size of staphylococcal cells has impaired analysis of changes in morphology during the cell cycle. Here we use super-resolution microscopy and determine that S. aureus cells are not spherical throughout the cell cycle, but elongate during specific time windows, through peptidoglycan synthesis and remodelling. Both peptidoglycan hydrolysis and turgor pressure are required during division for reshaping the flat division septum into a curved surface. In this process, the septum generates less than one hemisphere of each daughter cell, a trait we show is common to other cocci. Therefore, cell surface scars of previous divisions do not divide the cells in quadrants, generating asymmetry in the daughter cells. Our results introduce a need to reassess the models for division plane selection in cocci. Staphylococci are spherical bacteria that divide in sequential orthogonal planes. Here, the authors use super-resolution microscopy to show that staphylococcal cells elongate before dividing, and that the division septum generates less than one hemisphere of each daughter cell, generating asymmetry.