Influenza Vaccine Given to Pregnant Women Reduces Hospitalization Due to Influenza in Their Infants

Background. Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however, no vaccine is approved for infants aged !6 months. Effective approaches are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Vacc...

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Published inClinical infectious diseases Vol. 51; no. 12; pp. 1355 - 1361
Main Authors Benowitz, Isaac, Esposito, Daina B., Gracey, Kristina D., Shapiro, Eugene D., Vázquez, Marietta
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford The University of Chicago Press 15.12.2010
University of Chicago Press
Oxford University Press
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Abstract Background. Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however, no vaccine is approved for infants aged !6 months. Effective approaches are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Vaccination of women during pregnancy may protect the infant through transfer of antibodies from the mother. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of this strategy, and those studies produced mixed results. Methods. In a matched case-control study, case patients were infants aged <12 months admitted to a large urban hospital in the northeastern United States because of laboratory-confirmed influenza from 2000 to 2009. For each case, we enrolled 1 or 2 control subjects who were infants who tested negative for influenza and matched cases by date of birth and date of hospitalization (within 4 weeks). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated on the basis of matched odds ratios and was adjusted for confounding. Results. The mothers of 2 (2.2%) of 91 case subjects and 31 (19.9%) of 156 control subjects aged <6 months, and 1 (4.6%) of 22 case subjects and 2 (5.6%) of 36 control subjects aged ⩾6 months, had received influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine given to mothers during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization among their infants, adjusted for potential confounders, was 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7%–98.1%; P = .001) for infants aged <6 months. The unadjusted effectiveness was 90.7% (95% CI, 59.9%–97.8%; P = .001). Conclusions. Influenza vaccine given to pregnant women is 91.5% effective in preventing hospitalization of their infants for influenza in the first 6 months of life.
AbstractList Background. Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however, no vaccine is approved for infants aged !6 months. Effective approaches are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Vaccination of women during pregnancy may protect the infant through transfer of antibodies from the mother. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of this strategy, and those studies produced mixed results. Methods. In a matched case-control study, case patients were infants aged <12 months admitted to a large urban hospital in the northeastern United States because of laboratory-confirmed influenza from 2000 to 2009. For each case, we enrolled 1 or 2 control subjects who were infants who tested negative for influenza and matched cases by date of birth and date of hospitalization (within 4 weeks). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated on the basis of matched odds ratios and was adjusted for confounding. Results. The mothers of 2 (2.2%) of 91 case subjects and 31 (19.9%) of 156 control subjects aged <6 months, and 1 (4.6%) of 22 case subjects and 2 (5.6%) of 36 control subjects aged ⩾6 months, had received influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine given to mothers during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization among their infants, adjusted for potential confounders, was 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7%–98.1%; P = .001) for infants aged <6 months. The unadjusted effectiveness was 90.7% (95% CI, 59.9%–97.8%; P = .001). Conclusions. Influenza vaccine given to pregnant women is 91.5% effective in preventing hospitalization of their infants for influenza in the first 6 months of life.
Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however, no vaccine is approved for infants aged <6 months. Effective approaches are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Vaccination of women during pregnancy may protect the infant through transfer of antibodies from the mother. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of this strategy, and those studies produced mixed results.BACKGROUNDInfants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however, no vaccine is approved for infants aged <6 months. Effective approaches are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Vaccination of women during pregnancy may protect the infant through transfer of antibodies from the mother. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of this strategy, and those studies produced mixed results.In a matched case-control study, case patients were infants aged <12 months admitted to a large urban hospital in the northeastern United States because of laboratory-confirmed influenza from 2000 to 2009. For each case, we enrolled 1 or 2 control subjects who were infants who tested negative for influenza and matched cases by date of birth and date of hospitalization (within 4 weeks). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated on the basis of matched odds ratios and was adjusted for confounding.METHODSIn a matched case-control study, case patients were infants aged <12 months admitted to a large urban hospital in the northeastern United States because of laboratory-confirmed influenza from 2000 to 2009. For each case, we enrolled 1 or 2 control subjects who were infants who tested negative for influenza and matched cases by date of birth and date of hospitalization (within 4 weeks). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated on the basis of matched odds ratios and was adjusted for confounding.The mothers of 2 (2.2%) of 91 case subjects and 31 (19.9%) of 156 control subjects aged <6 months, and 1 (4.6%) of 22 case subjects and 2 (5.6%) of 36 control subjects aged ≥6 months, had received influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine given to mothers during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization among their infants, adjusted for potential confounders, was 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7%-98.1%; P = .001) for infants aged <6 months. The unadjusted effectiveness was 90.7% (95% CI, 59.9%-97.8%; P = .001).RESULTSThe mothers of 2 (2.2%) of 91 case subjects and 31 (19.9%) of 156 control subjects aged <6 months, and 1 (4.6%) of 22 case subjects and 2 (5.6%) of 36 control subjects aged ≥6 months, had received influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine given to mothers during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization among their infants, adjusted for potential confounders, was 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7%-98.1%; P = .001) for infants aged <6 months. The unadjusted effectiveness was 90.7% (95% CI, 59.9%-97.8%; P = .001).Influenza vaccine given to pregnant women is 91.5% effective in preventing hospitalization of their infants for influenza in the first 6 months of life.CONCLUSIONSInfluenza vaccine given to pregnant women is 91.5% effective in preventing hospitalization of their infants for influenza in the first 6 months of life.
Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however, no vaccine is approved for infants aged <6 months. Effective approaches are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Vaccination of women during pregnancy may protect the infant through transfer of antibodies from the mother. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of this strategy, and those studies produced mixed results. In a matched case-control study, case patients were infants aged <12 months admitted to a large urban hospital in the northeastern United States because of laboratory-confirmed influenza from 2000 to 2009. For each case, we enrolled 1 or 2 control subjects who were infants who tested negative for influenza and matched cases by date of birth and date of hospitalization (within 4 weeks). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated on the basis of matched odds ratios and was adjusted for confounding. The mothers of 2 (2.2%) of 91 case subjects and 31 (19.9%) of 156 control subjects aged <6 months, and 1 (4.6%) of 22 case subjects and 2 (5.6%) of 36 control subjects aged ≥6 months, had received influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine given to mothers during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization among their infants, adjusted for potential confounders, was 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7%-98.1%; P = .001) for infants aged <6 months. The unadjusted effectiveness was 90.7% (95% CI, 59.9%-97.8%; P = .001). Influenza vaccine given to pregnant women is 91.5% effective in preventing hospitalization of their infants for influenza in the first 6 months of life.
Background. Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however, no vaccine is approved for infants aged <6 months. Effective approaches are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Vaccination of women during pregnancy may protect the infant through transfer of antibodies from the mother. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of this strategy, and those studies produced mixed results. Methods. In a matched case-control study, case patients were infants aged <12 months admitted to a large urban hospital in the northeastern United States because of laboratory-confirmed influenza from 2000 to 2009. For each case, we enrolled 1 or 2 control subjects who were infants who tested negative for influenza and matched cases by date of birth and date of hospitalization (within 4 weeks). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated on the basis of matched odds ratios and was adjusted for confounding. Results. The mothers of 2 (2.2%) of 91 case subjects and 31 (19.9%) of 156 control subjects aged <6 months, and 1 (4.6%) of 22 case subjects and 2 (5.6%) of 36 control subjects aged ≥6 months, had received influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine given to mothers during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization among their infants, adjusted for potential confounders, was 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7%-98.1%; P = .001) for infants aged <6 months. The unadjusted effectiveness was 90.7% (95% CI, 59.9%-97.8%; P = .001). Conclusions. Influenza vaccine given to pregnant women is 91.5% effective in preventing hospitalization of their infants for influenza in the first 6 months of life.
Background. Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however, no vaccine is approved for infants aged !6 months. Effective approaches are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Vaccination of women during pregnancy may protect the infant through transfer of antibodies from the mother. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of this strategy, and those studies produced mixed results. Methods. In a matched case-control study, case patients were infants aged <12 months admitted to a large urban hospital in the northeastern United States because of laboratory-confirmed influenza from 2000 to 2009. For each case, we enrolled 1 or 2 control subjects who were infants who tested negative for influenza and matched cases by date of birth and date of hospitalization (within 4 weeks). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated on the basis of matched odds ratios and was adjusted for confounding. Results. The mothers of 2 (2.2%) of 91 case subjects and 31 (19.9%) of 156 control subjects aged <6 months, and 1 (4.6%) of 22 case subjects and 2 (5.6%) of 36 control subjects aged ⩾6 months, had received influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine given to mothers during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization among their infants, adjusted for potential confounders, was 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7%–98.1%; P = .001) for infants aged <6 months. The unadjusted effectiveness was 90.7% (95% CI, 59.9%–97.8%; P = .001). Conclusions. Influenza vaccine given to pregnant women is 91.5% effective in preventing hospitalization of their infants for influenza in the first 6 months of life.
Background. Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however, no vaccine is approved for infants aged !6 months. Effective approaches are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Vaccination of women during pregnancy may protect the infant through transfer of antibodies from the mother. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of this strategy, and those studies produced mixed results. Methods. In a matched case-control study, case patients were infants aged <12 months admitted to a large urban hospital in the northeastern United States because of laboratory-confirmed influenza from 2000 to 2009. For each case, we enrolled 1 or 2 control subjects who were infants who tested negative for influenza and matched cases by date of birth and date of hospitalization (within 4 weeks). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated on the basis of matched odds ratios and was adjusted for confounding. Results. The mothers of 2 (2.2%) of 91 case subjects and 31 (19.9%) of 156 control subjects aged <6 months, and 1 (4.6%) of 22 case subjects and 2 (5.6%) of 36 control subjects aged ⩾6 months, had received influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine given to mothers during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization among their infants, adjusted for potential confounders, was 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7%-98.1%; P = .001) for infants aged <6 months. The unadjusted effectiveness was 90.7% (95% CI, 59.9%-97.8%; P = .001). Conclusions. Influenza vaccine given to pregnant women is 91.5% effective in preventing hospitalization of their infants for influenza in the first 6 months of life.
Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however, no vaccine is approved for infants aged <6 months. Effective approaches are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Vaccination of women during pregnancy may protect the infant through transfer of antibodies from the mother. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of this strategy, and those studies produced mixed results. In a matched case-control study, case patients were infants aged <12 months admitted to a large urban hospital in the northeastern United States because of laboratory-confirmed influenza from 2000 to 2009. For each case, we enrolled 1 or 2 control subjects who were infants who tested negative for influenza and matched cases by date of birth and date of hospitalization (within 4 weeks). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated on the basis of matched odds ratios and was adjusted for confounding. The mothers of 2 (2.2%) of 91 case subjects and 31 (19.9%) of 156 control subjects aged <6 months, and 1 (4.6%) of 22 case subjects and 2 (5.6%) of 36 control subjects aged ≥6 months, had received influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine given to mothers during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization among their infants, adjusted for potential confounders, was 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7%-98.1%; P = .001) for infants aged <6 months. The unadjusted effectiveness was 90.7% (95% CI, 59.9%-97.8%; P = .001). Influenza vaccine given to pregnant women is 91.5% effective in preventing hospitalization of their infants for influenza in the first 6 months of life.
Author Gracey, Kristina D.
Esposito, Daina B.
Benowitz, Isaac
Shapiro, Eugene D.
Vázquez, Marietta
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  givenname: Isaac
  surname: Benowitz
  fullname: Benowitz, Isaac
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Daina B.
  surname: Esposito
  fullname: Esposito, Daina B.
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Kristina D.
  surname: Gracey
  fullname: Gracey, Kristina D.
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Eugene D.
  surname: Shapiro
  fullname: Shapiro, Eugene D.
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Marietta
  surname: Vázquez
  fullname: Vázquez, Marietta
  email: marietta.vazquez@yale.edu
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21058908$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 12
Keywords Human
Infection
Pregnancy
Prevention
Immunoprophylaxis
Viral disease
Influenza
Female
Infant
Hospitalization
Vaccine
Woman
Language English
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16237376 - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Oct 21;54(41):1050-2
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9302748 - Vaccine. 1997 Aug-Sep;15(12-13):1379-84
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11301819 - Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2001 Mar;15(1):253-71
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19644442 - MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009 Jul 31;58(RR-8):1-52
2304146 - J Virol. 1990 Mar;64(3):1370-4
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6848601 - J Immunol. 1983 Feb;130(2):932-6
7462695 - J Infect Dis. 1980 Dec;142(6):844-9
References_xml – reference: 16738159 - Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun;107(6):1323-9
– reference: 17938054 - J Clin Epidemiol. 2007 Nov;60(11):1127-31
– reference: 17146026 - Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Dec;160(12):1277-83
– reference: 11991880 - Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 May 1;165(9):1285-9
– reference: 19644442 - MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009 Jul 31;58(RR-8):1-52
– reference: 7462695 - J Infect Dis. 1980 Dec;142(6):844-9
– reference: 10648763 - N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 27;342(4):225-31
– reference: 18639488 - J Clin Virol. 2008 Oct;43(2):148-51
– reference: 16731574 - Epidemiol Rev. 2006;28:47-53
– reference: 18799552 - N Engl J Med. 2008 Oct 9;359(15):1555-64
– reference: 3668509 - J Gen Virol. 1987 Oct;68 ( Pt 10):2681-6
– reference: 2304146 - J Virol. 1990 Mar;64(3):1370-4
– reference: 16237376 - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Oct 21;54(41):1050-2
– reference: 3588113 - Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1987 Apr;6(4):398-403
– reference: 5950290 - Nature. 1966 Jun 4;210(5040):1070-1
– reference: 8354906 - J Infect Dis. 1993 Sep;168(3):647-56
– reference: 479636 - J Infect Dis. 1979 Aug;140(2):141-6
– reference: 9302748 - Vaccine. 1997 Aug-Sep;15(12-13):1379-84
– reference: 15311370 - Am J Perinatol. 2004 Aug;21(6):333-9
– reference: 14561957 - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Oct 17;52(41):987-92
– reference: 10761514 - Pediatr Clin North Am. 2000 Apr;47(2):449-63
– reference: 15367555 - JAMA. 2004 Sep 15;292(11):1333-40
– reference: 4164125 - Lancet. 1967 Apr 8;1(7493):757-9
– reference: 6848601 - J Immunol. 1983 Feb;130(2):932-6
– reference: 11301819 - Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2001 Mar;15(1):253-71
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Snippet Background. Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most...
Background. Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most...
Infants aged <12 months are at high risk of hospitalization for influenza. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and for most children; however,...
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SubjectTerms and Commentaries
Antibodies
ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES
Babies
Biological and medical sciences
Case-Control Studies
Chronic diseases
Female
Hospital admissions
Hospitalization
Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data
Human viral diseases
Humans
Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Infections
Infectious diseases
Influenza
Influenza vaccines
Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage
Influenza Vaccines - immunology
Influenza, Human - epidemiology
Influenza, Human - prevention & control
Male
Medical sciences
Mothers
New England
Pregnancy
Treatment Outcome
Vaccination
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases
Womens health
Title Influenza Vaccine Given to Pregnant Women Reduces Hospitalization Due to Influenza in Their Infants
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