Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and RNA on Autopsy Cases in the Pre-Pandemic Period in Milan (Italy)
In this study, we analyzed blood samples obtained from 169 cadavers subjected to an autopsy from 1 October 2019 to 27 March 2020. The presence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) antibodies was searched by lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and ELIS...
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| Published in | Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 13; p. 886317 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
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| Language | English |
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| Abstract | In this study, we analyzed blood samples obtained from 169 cadavers subjected to an autopsy from 1 October 2019 to 27 March 2020. The presence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) antibodies was searched by lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and ELISA tests and the SARS-CoV-2 RNA was tested in blood and available lung tissues by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Five cases resulted in positives at the serological screening for anti-SARS-CoV-2. Three results were weakly positive for IgM while only one showed strong reactivity for IgG antibodies. The fifth subject (who died in December 2019) resulted positive for the ELISA test. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA resulted in positive only in the blood and lung tissues of such cases. These data suggest that cadaveric blood may be a suitable substrate for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection; moreover, they extend the observations of sporadic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in North Italy prior to the first confirmed cases. |
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| AbstractList | In this study, we analyzed blood samples obtained from 169 cadavers subjected to an autopsy from 1 October 2019 to 27 March 2020. The presence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) antibodies was searched by lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and ELISA tests and the SARS-CoV-2 RNA was tested in blood and available lung tissues by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Five cases resulted in positives at the serological screening for anti-SARS-CoV-2. Three results were weakly positive for IgM while only one showed strong reactivity for IgG antibodies. The fifth subject (who died in December 2019) resulted positive for the ELISA test. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA resulted in positive only in the blood and lung tissues of such cases. These data suggest that cadaveric blood may be a suitable substrate for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection; moreover, they extend the observations of sporadic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in North Italy prior to the first confirmed cases. In this study, we analyzed blood samples obtained from 169 cadavers subjected to an autopsy from 1 October 2019 to 27 March 2020. The presence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) antibodies was searched by lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and ELISA tests and the SARS-CoV-2 RNA was tested in blood and available lung tissues by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Five cases resulted in positives at the serological screening for anti-SARS-CoV-2. Three results were weakly positive for IgM while only one showed strong reactivity for IgG antibodies. The fifth subject (who died in December 2019) resulted positive for the ELISA test. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA resulted in positive only in the blood and lung tissues of such cases. These data suggest that cadaveric blood may be a suitable substrate for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection; moreover, they extend the observations of sporadic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in North Italy prior to the first confirmed cases.In this study, we analyzed blood samples obtained from 169 cadavers subjected to an autopsy from 1 October 2019 to 27 March 2020. The presence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) antibodies was searched by lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and ELISA tests and the SARS-CoV-2 RNA was tested in blood and available lung tissues by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Five cases resulted in positives at the serological screening for anti-SARS-CoV-2. Three results were weakly positive for IgM while only one showed strong reactivity for IgG antibodies. The fifth subject (who died in December 2019) resulted positive for the ELISA test. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA resulted in positive only in the blood and lung tissues of such cases. These data suggest that cadaveric blood may be a suitable substrate for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection; moreover, they extend the observations of sporadic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in North Italy prior to the first confirmed cases. |
| Author | Bergna, Annalisa Battistini, Alessio Lai, Alessia Zoja, Riccardo Galli, Massimo Zehender, Gianguglielmo Cattaneo, Cristina Della Ventura, Carla Tambuzzi, Stefano |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy 1 Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy – name: 1 Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s10561-005-5421-9 10.1093/cid/ciaa1054 10.1101/2020.05.11.20098442 10.1002/jmv.25936 10.1038/s41467-020-20688-x 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141711 10.1002/jmv.25794 10.3201/eid2702.204632 10.1177/0300891620974755 10.1136/bmj.m1443 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106006 10.1007/s10654-020-00716-2 10.1093/cid/ciaa1285 10.1002/jmv.26447 10.1371/journal.pone.0249069 10.4014/jmb.2009.09006 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16002.2 10.1080/22221751.2020.1732837 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206522 10.20944/preprints202107.0654.v1 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.029 10.1136/oemed-2020-107060 10.3389/fmicb.2022.824967 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.03.007 10.1001/jama.2020.3786 |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2022 Lai, Tambuzzi, Bergna, Battistini, Della Ventura, Galli, Zoja, Zehender and Cattaneo. Copyright © 2022 Lai, Tambuzzi, Bergna, Battistini, Della Ventura, Galli, Zoja, Zehender and Cattaneo. 2022 Lai, Tambuzzi, Bergna, Battistini, Della Ventura, Galli, Zoja, Zehender and Cattaneo |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Deborah Traversi, University of Turin, Italy These authors have contributed equally to this work Reviewed by: Youhua Xie, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, China; Martina Barchitta, University of Catania, Italy This article was submitted to Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology |
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