Evaluation of structural and functional properties of citrus pectin film enriched with green tea extract
The effects of green tea extract (GTE) concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on the thicknesses, mechanical strengths, storage/loss moduli, glass transition temperatures (Tg), chemical structures, morphologies, antioxidant activities, moisture contents, and gas permeabilities of low methoxyl p...
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| Published in | Polymer engineering and science Vol. 63; no. 8; pp. 2522 - 2533 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Hoboken, USA
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.08.2023
Society of Plastics Engineers, Inc Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The effects of green tea extract (GTE) concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on the thicknesses, mechanical strengths, storage/loss moduli, glass transition temperatures (Tg), chemical structures, morphologies, antioxidant activities, moisture contents, and gas permeabilities of low methoxyl pectin films were investigated in this study. A decrease in the percent elongation and moisture contents accompanied by an increase in the tensile strengths, Tg and elastic and storage moduli were observed with increasing, but low concentrations of GTE in the pectin films. This rate of change slowed at higher GTE concentrations. The thicknesses of the pectin films were not significantly affected by the concentrations of GTE. The FTIR results showed increasing ester and hydrogen bonding formations with increasing concentrations of GTE from 0% to 2% in the pectin. When the GTE concentration increased from 2% to 5%, there was an increase in ester, but a decrease in the H‐bonding. The x‐ray diffraction results showed that the crystallinity of the films increased as a result of increasing GTE contents. The results of the antioxidant activities and oxygen and water vapor barrier properties showed an enhancement due to the higher concentrations of GTE. Therefore, GTE can be incorporated into low methoxyl pectin in order to make films with desired mechanical strength, gas barrier, and antioxidant properties.
The antioxidant efficacy and the influence of green tea extract (GTE) on the mechanical, barrier, and morphological properties of pectin films were investigated in this research. The results showed that increased the antioxidant abilities of the film without a significant impact on its functionality for as a stand‐alone packaging film. |
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| AbstractList | The effects of green tea extract (GTE) concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on the thicknesses, mechanical strengths, storage/loss moduli, glass transition temperatures ([T.sub.g]), chemical structures, morphologies, antioxidant activities, moisture contents, and gas permeabilities of low methoxyl pectin films were investigated in this study. A decrease in the percent elongation and moisture contents accompanied by an increase in the tensile strengths, [T.sub.g] and elastic and storage moduli were observed with increasing, but low concentrations of GTE in the pectin films. This rate of change slowed at higher GTE concentrations. The thicknesses of the pectin films were not significantly affected by the concentrations of GTE. The FTIR results showed increasing ester and hydrogen bonding formations with increasing concentrations of GTE from 0% to 2% in the pectin. When the GTE concentration increased from 2% to 5%, there was an increase in ester, but a decrease in the H-bonding. The x-ray diffraction results showed that the crystallinity of the films increased as a result of increasing GTE contents. The results of the antioxidant activities and oxygen and water vapor barrier properties showed an enhancement due to the higher concentrations of GTE. Therefore, GTE can be incorporated into low methoxyl pectin in order to make films with desired mechanical strength, gas barrier, and antioxidant properties. KEYWORDS antioxidant, foods, green tea extract, packaging, pectin films The effects of green tea extract (GTE) concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on the thicknesses, mechanical strengths, storage/loss moduli, glass transition temperatures ([T.sub.g]), chemical structures, morphologies, antioxidant activities, moisture contents, and gas permeabilities of low methoxyl pectin films were investigated in this study. A decrease in the percent elongation and moisture contents accompanied by an increase in the tensile strengths, [T.sub.g] and elastic and storage moduli were observed with increasing, but low concentrations of GTE in the pectin films. This rate of change slowed at higher GTE concentrations. The thicknesses of the pectin films were not significantly affected by the concentrations of GTE. The FTIR results showed increasing ester and hydrogen bonding formations with increasing concentrations of GTE from 0% to 2% in the pectin. When the GTE concentration increased from 2% to 5%, there was an increase in ester, but a decrease in the H-bonding. The x-ray diffraction results showed that the crystallinity of the films increased as a result of increasing GTE contents. The results of the antioxidant activities and oxygen and water vapor barrier properties showed an enhancement due to the higher concentrations of GTE. Therefore, GTE can be incorporated into low methoxyl pectin in order to make films with desired mechanical strength, gas barrier, and antioxidant properties. The effects of green tea extract (GTE) concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on the thicknesses, mechanical strengths, storage/loss moduli, glass transition temperatures ( T g ), chemical structures, morphologies, antioxidant activities, moisture contents, and gas permeabilities of low methoxyl pectin films were investigated in this study. A decrease in the percent elongation and moisture contents accompanied by an increase in the tensile strengths, T g and elastic and storage moduli were observed with increasing, but low concentrations of GTE in the pectin films. This rate of change slowed at higher GTE concentrations. The thicknesses of the pectin films were not significantly affected by the concentrations of GTE. The FTIR results showed increasing ester and hydrogen bonding formations with increasing concentrations of GTE from 0% to 2% in the pectin. When the GTE concentration increased from 2% to 5%, there was an increase in ester, but a decrease in the H‐bonding. The x‐ray diffraction results showed that the crystallinity of the films increased as a result of increasing GTE contents. The results of the antioxidant activities and oxygen and water vapor barrier properties showed an enhancement due to the higher concentrations of GTE. Therefore, GTE can be incorporated into low methoxyl pectin in order to make films with desired mechanical strength, gas barrier, and antioxidant properties. The effects of green tea extract (GTE) concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on the thicknesses, mechanical strengths, storage/loss moduli, glass transition temperatures (Tg), chemical structures, morphologies, antioxidant activities, moisture contents, and gas permeabilities of low methoxyl pectin films were investigated in this study. A decrease in the percent elongation and moisture contents accompanied by an increase in the tensile strengths, Tg and elastic and storage moduli were observed with increasing, but low concentrations of GTE in the pectin films. This rate of change slowed at higher GTE concentrations. The thicknesses of the pectin films were not significantly affected by the concentrations of GTE. The FTIR results showed increasing ester and hydrogen bonding formations with increasing concentrations of GTE from 0% to 2% in the pectin. When the GTE concentration increased from 2% to 5%, there was an increase in ester, but a decrease in the H‐bonding. The x‐ray diffraction results showed that the crystallinity of the films increased as a result of increasing GTE contents. The results of the antioxidant activities and oxygen and water vapor barrier properties showed an enhancement due to the higher concentrations of GTE. Therefore, GTE can be incorporated into low methoxyl pectin in order to make films with desired mechanical strength, gas barrier, and antioxidant properties. The antioxidant efficacy and the influence of green tea extract (GTE) on the mechanical, barrier, and morphological properties of pectin films were investigated in this research. The results showed that increased the antioxidant abilities of the film without a significant impact on its functionality for as a stand‐alone packaging film. The effects of green tea extract (GTE) concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on the thicknesses, mechanical strengths, storage/loss moduli, glass transition temperatures (Tg), chemical structures, morphologies, antioxidant activities, moisture contents, and gas permeabilities of low methoxyl pectin films were investigated in this study. A decrease in the percent elongation and moisture contents accompanied by an increase in the tensile strengths, Tg and elastic and storage moduli were observed with increasing, but low concentrations of GTE in the pectin films. This rate of change slowed at higher GTE concentrations. The thicknesses of the pectin films were not significantly affected by the concentrations of GTE. The FTIR results showed increasing ester and hydrogen bonding formations with increasing concentrations of GTE from 0% to 2% in the pectin. When the GTE concentration increased from 2% to 5%, there was an increase in ester, but a decrease in the H‐bonding. The x‐ray diffraction results showed that the crystallinity of the films increased as a result of increasing GTE contents. The results of the antioxidant activities and oxygen and water vapor barrier properties showed an enhancement due to the higher concentrations of GTE. Therefore, GTE can be incorporated into low methoxyl pectin in order to make films with desired mechanical strength, gas barrier, and antioxidant properties. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Pascall, Melvin A. Wei, Huan |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s42250_024_01125_8 crossref_primary_10_1080_10408398_2025_2476118 crossref_primary_10_1002_pc_27807 crossref_primary_10_3390_polysaccharides5040043 crossref_primary_10_1590_0103_8478cr20230667 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodhyd_2024_110549 crossref_primary_10_1002_slct_202401878 crossref_primary_10_3390_polym16081053 crossref_primary_10_1002_pen_26624 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44187_024_00238_w crossref_primary_10_3390_membranes13100846 |
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| Snippet | The effects of green tea extract (GTE) concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on the thicknesses, mechanical strengths, storage/loss moduli, glass... |
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| SubjectTerms | Analysis antioxidant Antioxidants Chemical properties Citrus Citrus fruits Elongation foods Glass transition temperature Green tea green tea extract Hydrogen bonding Loss modulus Low concentrations Materia medica, Vegetable Mechanical properties Moisture effects packaging Pectin pectin films Permeability Plant extracts Tea Tea (Plant) Thickness Water vapor |
| Title | Evaluation of structural and functional properties of citrus pectin film enriched with green tea extract |
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