The Roles of Epigenetic Regulation and the Tumor Microenvironment in the Mechanism of Resistance to Systemic Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

• Published in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24; no. 3; p. 2805
• Main Authors: Oura, Kyoko, Morishita, Asahiro, Hamaya, Sae, Fujita, Koji, Masaki, Tsutomu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Cancer therapies; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - drug therapy; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - genetics; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Cyclin-dependent kinases; DNA methylation; Enzymes; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenetics; Gene amplification; Gene expression; Genomes; Hepatitis C; Humans; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Inhibitor drugs; Kinases; Liver cancer; Liver cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms - drug therapy; Liver Neoplasms - genetics; Liver Neoplasms - pathology; Medical prognosis; Mutation; Proteins; Review; Targeted cancer therapy; Transcription factors; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Microenvironment - genetics; immune checkpoint inhibitor; lenvatinib; sorafenib; tyrosine kinase; molecular target agent; drug resistance; regorafenib; tumor microenvironment; systemic therapy; hepatocellular carcinoma

Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major histologic type with a poor prognosis owing to the difficulty in early detection, the chemotherapy resistance, and the high recurrence ra...