Characteristics of immune response profile in patients with immediate allergic and autoimmune urticarial reactions induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

Severe allergic reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination are generally rare, but the reactions are increasingly reported. Some patients may develop prolonged urticarial reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination. Herein, we investigated the risk factors and immune mechanisms for patients with SARS...

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Published inJournal of autoimmunity Vol. 138; p. 103054
Main Authors Wang, Chuang-Wei, Chen, Chun-Bing, Lu, Chun-Wei, Chen, Wei-Ti, Hui, Rosaline Chung-Yee, Chiu, Tsu-Man, Chi, Min-Hui, Lin, Jing-Chi, Huang, Yu-Huei, Chang, Ya-Ching, Wu, Jennifer, Chen, Kuan-Yu, Lin, Yang Yu-Wei, Ger, Tzong-Yun, Lin, Jing Yi, Tsai, Wan-Ting, Pan, Yen-Ju, Chung, Wen-Hung
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2023
Published by Elsevier Ltd
Subjects
Anti-TPO IgG
Autoreactive antibodies
Chronic urticaria
PEG
SARS-COV-2 vaccine
Autoreactive antibodies
PEG
Anti-TPO IgG
SARS-COV-2 vaccine
Chronic urticaria
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Abstract Severe allergic reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination are generally rare, but the reactions are increasingly reported. Some patients may develop prolonged urticarial reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination. Herein, we investigated the risk factors and immune mechanisms for patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced immediate allergy and chronic urticaria (CU). We prospectively recruited and analyzed 129 patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccine–induced immediate allergic and urticarial reactions as well as 115 SARS-COV-2 vaccines–tolerant individuals from multiple medical centers during 2021–2022. The clinical manifestations included acute urticaria, anaphylaxis, and delayed to chronic urticaria developed after SARS-COV-2 vaccinations. The serum levels of histamine, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 A, TARC, and PARC were significantly elevated in allergic patients comparing to tolerant subjects (P-values = 4.5 × 10−5–0.039). Ex vivo basophil revealed that basophils from allergic patients could be significantly activated by SARS-COV-2 vaccine excipients (polyethylene glycol 2000 and polysorbate 80) or spike protein (P-values from 3.5 × 10−4 to 0.043). Further BAT study stimulated by patients’ autoserum showed positive in 81.3% of patients with CU induced by SARS-COV-2 vaccination (P = 4.2 × 10−13), and the reactions could be attenuated by anti-IgE antibody. Autoantibodies screening also identified the significantly increased of IgE-anti–IL-24, IgG-anti–FcεRI, IgG-anti–thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and IgG-anti-thyroid–related proteins in SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced CU patients comparing to SARS-COV-2 vaccines-tolerant controls (P-values = 4.6 × 10−10–0.048). Some patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced recalcitrant CU patients could be successfully treated with anti-IgE therapy. In conclusion, our results revealed that multiple vaccine components, inflammatory cytokines, and autoreactive IgG/IgE antibodies contribute to SARS-COV-2 vaccine–induced immediate allergic and autoimmune urticarial reactions. The immune mechanism of COVID-19 vaccines-induced immediate allergy and urticaria. A). The excipient or component of COVID-19 vaccines (such as PEG 2000, poly 80, tris, or spike protein) can be directly recognized by IgE antibodies, which coupled with their receptor-FcεRI on the mast cells or basophils, resulting in mast cell/basophil degranulation and triggering immediate allergic reactions. B). The excipient or component of COVID-19 vaccines can be recognized by B cells or presented to the T cells, resulting in autoreactive IgG/IgE antibodies production and increased cytokine/chemokine release. Moreover, IgG/IgE autoantibodies against self-antigens (e.g., IL24, TPO, etc.), may promote mast cell or basophil degranulation and cause delayed and chronic urticarial reactions. Abbreviation: IgE, immunoglobulin E; IL-24, Interleukin-24, PEG, polyethylene glycol; poly 80, polysorbate 80; TPO, thyroid peroxidase antibody, tris, tromethamine. [Display omitted] •Vaccine excipients as PEG 2000, polysorbate 80, tromethamine, and spike protein are identified as the culprit allergen(s) of SARS-COV-2 vaccines.•Multiple mast cell/T cell-mediated inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are involved in SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced allergic reactions.•Autoreactive IgE/IgG antibodies (including IgE-anti-IL24, IgG-anti-TPO, IgG-anti-FcεRI, and IgG-anti-thyroid related proteins), contribute to SARS-COV-2 vaccines–induced autoimmune chronic urticaria.•Some patients with recalcitrant chronic urticaria following SARS-COV-2 vaccination can be successfully treated with anti-IgE therapy.
AbstractList Severe allergic reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination are generally rare, but the reactions are increasingly reported. Some patients may develop prolonged urticarial reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination. Herein, we investigated the risk factors and immune mechanisms for patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced immediate allergy and chronic urticaria (CU). We prospectively recruited and analyzed 129 patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccine–induced immediate allergic and urticarial reactions as well as 115 SARS-COV-2 vaccines–tolerant individuals from multiple medical centers during 2021–2022. The clinical manifestations included acute urticaria, anaphylaxis, and delayed to chronic urticaria developed after SARS-COV-2 vaccinations. The serum levels of histamine, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 A, TARC, and PARC were significantly elevated in allergic patients comparing to tolerant subjects (P-values = 4.5 × 10−5–0.039). Ex vivo basophil revealed that basophils from allergic patients could be significantly activated by SARS-COV-2 vaccine excipients (polyethylene glycol 2000 and polysorbate 80) or spike protein (P-values from 3.5 × 10−4 to 0.043). Further BAT study stimulated by patients’ autoserum showed positive in 81.3% of patients with CU induced by SARS-COV-2 vaccination (P = 4.2 × 10−13), and the reactions could be attenuated by anti-IgE antibody. Autoantibodies screening also identified the significantly increased of IgE-anti–IL-24, IgG-anti–FcεRI, IgG-anti–thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and IgG-anti-thyroid–related proteins in SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced CU patients comparing to SARS-COV-2 vaccines-tolerant controls (P-values = 4.6 × 10−10–0.048). Some patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced recalcitrant CU patients could be successfully treated with anti-IgE therapy. In conclusion, our results revealed that multiple vaccine components, inflammatory cytokines, and autoreactive IgG/IgE antibodies contribute to SARS-COV-2 vaccine–induced immediate allergic and autoimmune urticarial reactions. The immune mechanism of COVID-19 vaccines-induced immediate allergy and urticaria. A). The excipient or component of COVID-19 vaccines (such as PEG 2000, poly 80, tris, or spike protein) can be directly recognized by IgE antibodies, which coupled with their receptor-FcεRI on the mast cells or basophils, resulting in mast cell/basophil degranulation and triggering immediate allergic reactions. B). The excipient or component of COVID-19 vaccines can be recognized by B cells or presented to the T cells, resulting in autoreactive IgG/IgE antibodies production and increased cytokine/chemokine release. Moreover, IgG/IgE autoantibodies against self-antigens (e.g., IL24, TPO, etc.), may promote mast cell or basophil degranulation and cause delayed and chronic urticarial reactions. Abbreviation: IgE, immunoglobulin E; IL-24, Interleukin-24, PEG, polyethylene glycol; poly 80, polysorbate 80; TPO, thyroid peroxidase antibody, tris, tromethamine. [Display omitted] •Vaccine excipients as PEG 2000, polysorbate 80, tromethamine, and spike protein are identified as the culprit allergen(s) of SARS-COV-2 vaccines.•Multiple mast cell/T cell-mediated inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are involved in SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced allergic reactions.•Autoreactive IgE/IgG antibodies (including IgE-anti-IL24, IgG-anti-TPO, IgG-anti-FcεRI, and IgG-anti-thyroid related proteins), contribute to SARS-COV-2 vaccines–induced autoimmune chronic urticaria.•Some patients with recalcitrant chronic urticaria following SARS-COV-2 vaccination can be successfully treated with anti-IgE therapy.
Severe allergic reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination are generally rare, but the reactions are increasingly reported. Some patients may develop prolonged urticarial reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination. Herein, we investigated the risk factors and immune mechanisms for patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced immediate allergy and chronic urticaria (CU). We prospectively recruited and analyzed 129 patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccine-induced immediate allergic and urticarial reactions as well as 115 SARS-COV-2 vaccines-tolerant individuals from multiple medical centers during 2021-2022. The clinical manifestations included acute urticaria, anaphylaxis, and delayed to chronic urticaria developed after SARS-COV-2 vaccinations. The serum levels of histamine, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 A, TARC, and PARC were significantly elevated in allergic patients comparing to tolerant subjects (P-values = 4.5 × 10-5-0.039). Ex vivo basophil revealed that basophils from allergic patients could be significantly activated by SARS-COV-2 vaccine excipients (polyethylene glycol 2000 and polysorbate 80) or spike protein (P-values from 3.5 × 10-4 to 0.043). Further BAT study stimulated by patients' autoserum showed positive in 81.3% of patients with CU induced by SARS-COV-2 vaccination (P = 4.2 × 10-13), and the reactions could be attenuated by anti-IgE antibody. Autoantibodies screening also identified the significantly increased of IgE-anti-IL-24, IgG-anti-FcεRI, IgG-anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and IgG-anti-thyroid-related proteins in SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced CU patients comparing to SARS-COV-2 vaccines-tolerant controls (P-values = 4.6 × 10-10-0.048). Some patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced recalcitrant CU patients could be successfully treated with anti-IgE therapy. In conclusion, our results revealed that multiple vaccine components, inflammatory cytokines, and autoreactive IgG/IgE antibodies contribute to SARS-COV-2 vaccine-induced immediate allergic and autoimmune urticarial reactions.Severe allergic reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination are generally rare, but the reactions are increasingly reported. Some patients may develop prolonged urticarial reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination. Herein, we investigated the risk factors and immune mechanisms for patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced immediate allergy and chronic urticaria (CU). We prospectively recruited and analyzed 129 patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccine-induced immediate allergic and urticarial reactions as well as 115 SARS-COV-2 vaccines-tolerant individuals from multiple medical centers during 2021-2022. The clinical manifestations included acute urticaria, anaphylaxis, and delayed to chronic urticaria developed after SARS-COV-2 vaccinations. The serum levels of histamine, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 A, TARC, and PARC were significantly elevated in allergic patients comparing to tolerant subjects (P-values = 4.5 × 10-5-0.039). Ex vivo basophil revealed that basophils from allergic patients could be significantly activated by SARS-COV-2 vaccine excipients (polyethylene glycol 2000 and polysorbate 80) or spike protein (P-values from 3.5 × 10-4 to 0.043). Further BAT study stimulated by patients' autoserum showed positive in 81.3% of patients with CU induced by SARS-COV-2 vaccination (P = 4.2 × 10-13), and the reactions could be attenuated by anti-IgE antibody. Autoantibodies screening also identified the significantly increased of IgE-anti-IL-24, IgG-anti-FcεRI, IgG-anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and IgG-anti-thyroid-related proteins in SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced CU patients comparing to SARS-COV-2 vaccines-tolerant controls (P-values = 4.6 × 10-10-0.048). Some patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced recalcitrant CU patients could be successfully treated with anti-IgE therapy. In conclusion, our results revealed that multiple vaccine components, inflammatory cytokines, and autoreactive IgG/IgE antibodies contribute to SARS-COV-2 vaccine-induced immediate allergic and autoimmune urticarial reactions.
Severe allergic reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination are generally rare, but the reactions are increasingly reported. Some patients may develop prolonged urticarial reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination. Herein, we investigated the risk factors and immune mechanisms for patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced immediate allergy and chronic urticaria (CU). We prospectively recruited and analyzed 129 patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccine–induced immediate allergic and urticarial reactions as well as 115 SARS-COV-2 vaccines–tolerant individuals from multiple medical centers during 2021–2022. The clinical manifestations included acute urticaria, anaphylaxis, and delayed to chronic urticaria developed after SARS-COV-2 vaccinations. The serum levels of histamine, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 A, TARC, and PARC were significantly elevated in allergic patients comparing to tolerant subjects (P-values = 4.5 × 10 −5 –0.039). Ex vivo basophil revealed that basophils from allergic patients could be significantly activated by SARS-COV-2 vaccine excipients (polyethylene glycol 2000 and polysorbate 80) or spike protein (P-values from 3.5 × 10 −4 to 0.043). Further BAT study stimulated by patients’ autoserum showed positive in 81.3% of patients with CU induced by SARS-COV-2 vaccination (P = 4.2 × 10 −13 ), and the reactions could be attenuated by anti-IgE antibody. Autoantibodies screening also identified the significantly increased of IgE-anti–IL-24, IgG-anti–FcεRI, IgG-anti–thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and IgG-anti-thyroid–related proteins in SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced CU patients comparing to SARS-COV-2 vaccines-tolerant controls (P-values = 4.6 × 10 −10 –0.048). Some patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced recalcitrant CU patients could be successfully treated with anti-IgE therapy. In conclusion, our results revealed that multiple vaccine components, inflammatory cytokines, and autoreactive IgG/IgE antibodies contribute to SARS-COV-2 vaccine–induced immediate allergic and autoimmune urticarial reactions. The immune mechanism of COVID-19 vaccines-induced immediate allergy and urticariaA). The excipient or component of COVID-19 vaccines (such as PEG 2000, poly 80, tris, or spike protein) can be directly recognized by IgE antibodies, which coupled with their receptor-FcεRI on the mast cells or basophils, resulting in mast cell/basophil degranulation and triggering immediate allergic reactions.B). The excipient or component of COVID-19 vaccines can be recognized by B cells or presented to the T cells, resulting in autoreactive IgG/IgE antibodies production and increased cytokine/chemokine release. Moreover, IgG/IgE autoantibodies against self-antigens (e.g., IL24, TPO, etc.), may promote mast cell or basophil degranulation and cause delayed and chronic urticarial reactions.Abbreviation: IgE, immunoglobulin E; IL-24, Interleukin-24, PEG, polyethylene glycol; poly 80, polysorbate 80; TPO, thyroid peroxidase antibody, tris, tromethamine. Image 1
Severe allergic reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination are generally rare, but the reactions are increasingly reported. Some patients may develop prolonged urticarial reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination. Herein, we investigated the risk factors and immune mechanisms for patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced immediate allergy and chronic urticaria (CU). We prospectively recruited and analyzed 129 patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccine-induced immediate allergic and urticarial reactions as well as 115 SARS-COV-2 vaccines-tolerant individuals from multiple medical centers during 2021-2022. The clinical manifestations included acute urticaria, anaphylaxis, and delayed to chronic urticaria developed after SARS-COV-2 vaccinations. The serum levels of histamine, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 A, TARC, and PARC were significantly elevated in allergic patients comparing to tolerant subjects (P-values = 4.5 × 10 -0.039). Ex vivo basophil revealed that basophils from allergic patients could be significantly activated by SARS-COV-2 vaccine excipients (polyethylene glycol 2000 and polysorbate 80) or spike protein (P-values from 3.5 × 10 to 0.043). Further BAT study stimulated by patients' autoserum showed positive in 81.3% of patients with CU induced by SARS-COV-2 vaccination (P = 4.2 × 10 ), and the reactions could be attenuated by anti-IgE antibody. Autoantibodies screening also identified the significantly increased of IgE-anti-IL-24, IgG-anti-FcεRI, IgG-anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and IgG-anti-thyroid-related proteins in SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced CU patients comparing to SARS-COV-2 vaccines-tolerant controls (P-values = 4.6 × 10 -0.048). Some patients with SARS-COV-2 vaccines-induced recalcitrant CU patients could be successfully treated with anti-IgE therapy. In conclusion, our results revealed that multiple vaccine components, inflammatory cytokines, and autoreactive IgG/IgE antibodies contribute to SARS-COV-2 vaccine-induced immediate allergic and autoimmune urticarial reactions.
ArticleNumber 103054
Author Chang, Ya-Ching
Lin, Jing-Chi
Wu, Jennifer
Ger, Tzong-Yun
Pan, Yen-Ju
Lin, Jing Yi
Chung, Wen-Hung
Chen, Wei-Ti
Hui, Rosaline Chung-Yee
Lin, Yang Yu-Wei
Tsai, Wan-Ting
Wang, Chuang-Wei
Chiu, Tsu-Man
Chi, Min-Hui
Chen, Chun-Bing
Lu, Chun-Wei
Huang, Yu-Huei
Chen, Kuan-Yu
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  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
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  givenname: Wei-Ti
  surname: Chen
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  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
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  givenname: Min-Hui
  surname: Chi
  fullname: Chi, Min-Hui
  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
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  givenname: Jing-Chi
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Jing-Chi
  organization: College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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  surname: Huang
  fullname: Huang, Yu-Huei
  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
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  givenname: Ya-Ching
  surname: Chang
  fullname: Chang, Ya-Ching
  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Jennifer
  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Jennifer
  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
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  givenname: Kuan-Yu
  surname: Chen
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  givenname: Yang Yu-Wei
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Yang Yu-Wei
  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Tzong-Yun
  surname: Ger
  fullname: Ger, Tzong-Yun
  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Jing Yi
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Jing Yi
  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
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  givenname: Wan-Ting
  surname: Tsai
  fullname: Tsai, Wan-Ting
  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Yen-Ju
  surname: Pan
  fullname: Pan, Yen-Ju
  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
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  givenname: Wen-Hung
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1681-0959
  surname: Chung
  fullname: Chung, Wen-Hung
  email: wenhungchung@yahoo.com, chung1@cgmh.org.tw
  organization: Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei, Tucheng and Keelung, Taiwan
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Fri Jul 11 06:17:54 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:04:35 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:52:16 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 03:24:12 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:37:44 EST 2024
Tue Aug 26 16:31:18 EDT 2025
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Keywords Autoreactive antibodies
PEG
Anti-TPO IgG
SARS-COV-2 vaccine
Chronic urticaria
Language English
License Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Snippet Severe allergic reactions following SARS-COV-2 vaccination are generally rare, but the reactions are increasingly reported. Some patients may develop prolonged...
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SubjectTerms Anti-TPO IgG
Autoreactive antibodies
Chronic urticaria
PEG
SARS-COV-2 vaccine
Title Characteristics of immune response profile in patients with immediate allergic and autoimmune urticarial reactions induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S089684112300063X
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103054
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37245259
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2820337835
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10183637
Volume 138
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