Evidence for accelerated weathering and sulfate export in high alpine environments
High elevation alpine ecosystems-the 'water towers of the world'-provide water for human populations around the globe. Active geomorphic features such as glaciers and permafrost leave alpine ecosystems susceptible to changes in climate which could also lead to changing biogeochemistry and...
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Published in | Environmental research letters Vol. 14; no. 12; pp. 124092 - 124100 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.12.2019
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Abstract | High elevation alpine ecosystems-the 'water towers of the world'-provide water for human populations around the globe. Active geomorphic features such as glaciers and permafrost leave alpine ecosystems susceptible to changes in climate which could also lead to changing biogeochemistry and water quality. Here, we synthesize recent changes in high-elevation stream chemistry from multiple sites that demonstrate a consistent and widespread pattern of increasing sulfate and base cation concentrations or fluxes. This trend has occurred over the past 30 years and is consistent across multiple sites in the Rocky Mountains of the United States, western Canada, the European Alps, the Icelandic Shield, and the Himalayas in Asia. To better understand these recent changes and to examine the potential causes of increased sulfur and base cation concentrations in surface waters, we present a synthesis of global records as well as a high resolution 33 year record of atmospheric deposition and river export data from a long-term ecological research site in Colorado, USA. We evaluate which factors may be driving global shifts in stream chemistry including atmospheric deposition trends and broad climatic patterns. Our analysis suggests that recent changes in climate may be stimulating changes to hydrology and/or geomorphic processes, which in turn lead to accelerated weathering of bedrock. This cascade of effects has broad implications for the chemistry and quality of important surface water resources. |
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AbstractList | High elevation alpine ecosystems—the ‘water towers of the world’—provide water for human populations around the globe. Active geomorphic features such as glaciers and permafrost leave alpine ecosystems susceptible to changes in climate which could also lead to changing biogeochemistry and water quality. Here, we synthesize recent changes in high-elevation stream chemistry from multiple sites that demonstrate a consistent and widespread pattern of increasing sulfate and base cation concentrations or fluxes. This trend has occurred over the past 30 years and is consistent across multiple sites in the Rocky Mountains of the United States, western Canada, the European Alps, the Icelandic Shield, and the Himalayas in Asia. To better understand these recent changes and to examine the potential causes of increased sulfur and base cation concentrations in surface waters, we present a synthesis of global records as well as a high resolution 33 year record of atmospheric deposition and river export data from a long-term ecological research site in Colorado, USA. We evaluate which factors may be driving global shifts in stream chemistry including atmospheric deposition trends and broad climatic patterns. Our analysis suggests that recent changes in climate may be stimulating changes to hydrology and/or geomorphic processes, which in turn lead to accelerated weathering of bedrock. This cascade of effects has broad implications for the chemistry and quality of important surface water resources. |
Author | Crawford, John T Neff, Jason C Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S Brahney, Janice Litaor, M Iggy |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: John T orcidid: 0000-0003-4440-6945 surname: Crawford fullname: Crawford, John T email: john.crawford@colorado.edu organization: University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado, United States of America – sequence: 2 givenname: Eve-Lyn S surname: Hinckley fullname: Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S organization: University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado, United States of America – sequence: 3 givenname: M Iggy surname: Litaor fullname: Litaor, M Iggy organization: MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute , Hydro-Geochemistry Lab, Tel Hai Research Park and Water Sciences Department, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel – sequence: 4 givenname: Janice surname: Brahney fullname: Brahney, Janice organization: Utah State University , Logan, Utah, United States of America – sequence: 5 givenname: Jason C surname: Neff fullname: Neff, Jason C organization: University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado, United States of America |
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Snippet | High elevation alpine ecosystems-the 'water towers of the world'-provide water for human populations around the globe. Active geomorphic features such as... High elevation alpine ecosystems—the ‘water towers of the world’—provide water for human populations around the globe. Active geomorphic features such as... |
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SubjectTerms | alpine Alpine environments Bedrock Biogeochemistry calcium Cations climate Climate change Deposition Ecological research Elevation Geomorphology Glaciers Human populations Hydrology Mountains Permafrost Sulfates Sulfur Surface water Water quality Water resources Water towers Weathering |
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Title | Evidence for accelerated weathering and sulfate export in high alpine environments |
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