Dietary Fibers in Healthy Children and in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Practical Guide
Dietary fibers include non-digestible plant carbohydrates, lignin and resistant starch. Dietary fibers provide immune, cardiovascular, metabolic and intestinal beneficial effects in humans. Fibers naturally present in foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals) or used as supplements have different...
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| Published in | Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 9; p. 2208 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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MDPI AG
06.05.2023
MDPI |
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| Abstract | Dietary fibers include non-digestible plant carbohydrates, lignin and resistant starch. Dietary fibers provide immune, cardiovascular, metabolic and intestinal beneficial effects in humans. Fibers naturally present in foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals) or used as supplements have different physical, chemical and functional profiles. This narrative review provides an update to the knowledge on the effects of dietary fibers in healthy subjects and in children with gastrointestinal disorders. Soluble fibers are digested by gut bacteria, producing short-chain fatty acids and energy for colonocytes, and may exert prebiotic effects that promote the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Non-soluble fibers are bulking agents and may improve intestinal transit. The exact amount and characteristics of the fiber requirement in infants and children need to be further established. There are limited data evaluating fibers in children with gastrointestinal disorders. The low intake of fibers has been associated with constipation, but the intake of excessive fibers is not recommended as it may cause flatulence and abdominal discomfort. Certain fibers (particularly psyllium in irritable bowel syndrome) have shown beneficial effects in children with gastrointestinal disorders, but the limited and heterogenous data do not currently allow a specific recommendation. |
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| AbstractList | Dietary fibers include non-digestible plant carbohydrates, lignin and resistant starch. Dietary fibers provide immune, cardiovascular, metabolic and intestinal beneficial effects in humans. Fibers naturally present in foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals) or used as supplements have different physical, chemical and functional profiles. This narrative review provides an update to the knowledge on the effects of dietary fibers in healthy subjects and in children with gastrointestinal disorders. Soluble fibers are digested by gut bacteria, producing short-chain fatty acids and energy for colonocytes, and may exert prebiotic effects that promote the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Non-soluble fibers are bulking agents and may improve intestinal transit. The exact amount and characteristics of the fiber requirement in infants and children need to be further established. There are limited data evaluating fibers in children with gastrointestinal disorders. The low intake of fibers has been associated with constipation, but the intake of excessive fibers is not recommended as it may cause flatulence and abdominal discomfort. Certain fibers (particularly psyllium in irritable bowel syndrome) have shown beneficial effects in children with gastrointestinal disorders, but the limited and heterogenous data do not currently allow a specific recommendation. Dietary fibers include non-digestible plant carbohydrates, lignin and resistant starch. Dietary fibers provide immune, cardiovascular, metabolic and intestinal beneficial effects in humans. Fibers naturally present in foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals) or used as supplements have different physical, chemical and functional profiles. This narrative review provides an update to the knowledge on the effects of dietary fibers in healthy subjects and in children with gastrointestinal disorders. Soluble fibers are digested by gut bacteria, producing short-chain fatty acids and energy for colonocytes, and may exert prebiotic effects that promote the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Non-soluble fibers are bulking agents and may improve intestinal transit. The exact amount and characteristics of the fiber requirement in infants and children need to be further established. There are limited data evaluating fibers in children with gastrointestinal disorders. The low intake of fibers has been associated with constipation, but the intake of excessive fibers is not recommended as it may cause flatulence and abdominal discomfort. Certain fibers (particularly psyllium in irritable bowel syndrome) have shown beneficial effects in children with gastrointestinal disorders, but the limited and heterogenous data do not currently allow a specific recommendation.Dietary fibers include non-digestible plant carbohydrates, lignin and resistant starch. Dietary fibers provide immune, cardiovascular, metabolic and intestinal beneficial effects in humans. Fibers naturally present in foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals) or used as supplements have different physical, chemical and functional profiles. This narrative review provides an update to the knowledge on the effects of dietary fibers in healthy subjects and in children with gastrointestinal disorders. Soluble fibers are digested by gut bacteria, producing short-chain fatty acids and energy for colonocytes, and may exert prebiotic effects that promote the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Non-soluble fibers are bulking agents and may improve intestinal transit. The exact amount and characteristics of the fiber requirement in infants and children need to be further established. There are limited data evaluating fibers in children with gastrointestinal disorders. The low intake of fibers has been associated with constipation, but the intake of excessive fibers is not recommended as it may cause flatulence and abdominal discomfort. Certain fibers (particularly psyllium in irritable bowel syndrome) have shown beneficial effects in children with gastrointestinal disorders, but the limited and heterogenous data do not currently allow a specific recommendation. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Pensabene, Licia Murone, Elena Battigaglia, Maria Serena Agosti, Massimo Salvatore, Silvia Dozio, Eugenia |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; mariaserena.battigaglia@studenti.unicz.it (M.S.B.); elenamurone@gmail.com (E.M.); pensabene@unicz.it (L.P.) 1 Pediatric Department, Hospital “F. Del Ponte”, Via F. Del Ponte 19, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; massimo.agosti@uninsubria.it 3 Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; eugenia.dozio@uninsubria.it |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Pediatric Department, Hospital “F. Del Ponte”, Via F. Del Ponte 19, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; massimo.agosti@uninsubria.it – name: 2 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; mariaserena.battigaglia@studenti.unicz.it (M.S.B.); elenamurone@gmail.com (E.M.); pensabene@unicz.it (L.P.) – name: 3 Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; eugenia.dozio@uninsubria.it |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Silvia surname: Salvatore fullname: Salvatore, Silvia – sequence: 2 givenname: Maria Serena surname: Battigaglia fullname: Battigaglia, Maria Serena – sequence: 3 givenname: Elena surname: Murone fullname: Murone, Elena – sequence: 4 givenname: Eugenia surname: Dozio fullname: Dozio, Eugenia – sequence: 5 givenname: Licia orcidid: 0000-0003-2043-5530 surname: Pensabene fullname: Pensabene, Licia – sequence: 6 givenname: Massimo surname: Agosti fullname: Agosti, Massimo |
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| Keywords | microbiota children SCFAs fermentation prebiotics diet functional gastrointestinal disorders dietary fiber inflammatory bowel disease |
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