Protective Effect of Quercetin on Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Apoptosis through the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrion-Dependent Pathway
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to gradual central vision loss and is the third leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The underlying mechanisms for this progressive neurodegenerative disease remain unclear and there is currently no preventive treatment for dry AMD. Sodium i...
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| Published in | International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22; no. 8; p. 4056 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
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| Abstract | Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to gradual central vision loss and is the third leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The underlying mechanisms for this progressive neurodegenerative disease remain unclear and there is currently no preventive treatment for dry AMD. Sodium iodate (NaIO3) has been reported to induce AMD-like retinal pathology in mice. We established a mouse model for AMD to evaluate the effects of quercetin on NaIO3-induced retinal apoptosis, and to investigate the pertinent underlying mechanisms. Our in vitro results indicated that quercetin protected human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells from NaIO3-induced apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. We also evaluated the relative expression of proteins in the apoptosis pathway. Quercetin downregulated the protein expressions of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 through reduced PI3K and pAKT expressions. Furthermore, our in vivo results indicated that quercetin improved retinal deformation and increased the thickness of both the outer nuclear layer and inner nuclear layer, whereas the expression of caspase-3 was inhibited. Taken together, these results demonstrate that quercetin could protect retinal pigment epithelium and the retina from NaIO3-induced cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, involving the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This suggests that quercetin has the potential to prevent and delay AMD and other retinal diseases involving NaIO3-mediated apoptosis. |
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| AbstractList | Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to gradual central vision loss and is the third leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The underlying mechanisms for this progressive neurodegenerative disease remain unclear and there is currently no preventive treatment for dry AMD. Sodium iodate (NaIO
) has been reported to induce AMD-like retinal pathology in mice. We established a mouse model for AMD to evaluate the effects of quercetin on NaIO
-induced retinal apoptosis, and to investigate the pertinent underlying mechanisms. Our in vitro results indicated that quercetin protected human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells from NaIO
-induced apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. We also evaluated the relative expression of proteins in the apoptosis pathway. Quercetin downregulated the protein expressions of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 through reduced PI3K and pAKT expressions. Furthermore, our in vivo results indicated that quercetin improved retinal deformation and increased the thickness of both the outer nuclear layer and inner nuclear layer, whereas the expression of caspase-3 was inhibited. Taken together, these results demonstrate that quercetin could protect retinal pigment epithelium and the retina from NaIO
-induced cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, involving the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This suggests that quercetin has the potential to prevent and delay AMD and other retinal diseases involving NaIO
-mediated apoptosis. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to gradual central vision loss and is the third leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The underlying mechanisms for this progressive neurodegenerative disease remain unclear and there is currently no preventive treatment for dry AMD. Sodium iodate (NaIO3) has been reported to induce AMD-like retinal pathology in mice. We established a mouse model for AMD to evaluate the effects of quercetin on NaIO3-induced retinal apoptosis, and to investigate the pertinent underlying mechanisms. Our in vitro results indicated that quercetin protected human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells from NaIO3-induced apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. We also evaluated the relative expression of proteins in the apoptosis pathway. Quercetin downregulated the protein expressions of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 through reduced PI3K and pAKT expressions. Furthermore, our in vivo results indicated that quercetin improved retinal deformation and increased the thickness of both the outer nuclear layer and inner nuclear layer, whereas the expression of caspase-3 was inhibited. Taken together, these results demonstrate that quercetin could protect retinal pigment epithelium and the retina from NaIO3-induced cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, involving the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This suggests that quercetin has the potential to prevent and delay AMD and other retinal diseases involving NaIO3-mediated apoptosis. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to gradual central vision loss and is the third leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The underlying mechanisms for this progressive neurodegenerative disease remain unclear and there is currently no preventive treatment for dry AMD. Sodium iodate (NaIO3) has been reported to induce AMD-like retinal pathology in mice. We established a mouse model for AMD to evaluate the effects of quercetin on NaIO3-induced retinal apoptosis, and to investigate the pertinent underlying mechanisms. Our in vitro results indicated that quercetin protected human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells from NaIO3-induced apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. We also evaluated the relative expression of proteins in the apoptosis pathway. Quercetin downregulated the protein expressions of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 through reduced PI3K and pAKT expressions. Furthermore, our in vivo results indicated that quercetin improved retinal deformation and increased the thickness of both the outer nuclear layer and inner nuclear layer, whereas the expression of caspase-3 was inhibited. Taken together, these results demonstrate that quercetin could protect retinal pigment epithelium and the retina from NaIO3-induced cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, involving the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This suggests that quercetin has the potential to prevent and delay AMD and other retinal diseases involving NaIO3-mediated apoptosis.Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to gradual central vision loss and is the third leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The underlying mechanisms for this progressive neurodegenerative disease remain unclear and there is currently no preventive treatment for dry AMD. Sodium iodate (NaIO3) has been reported to induce AMD-like retinal pathology in mice. We established a mouse model for AMD to evaluate the effects of quercetin on NaIO3-induced retinal apoptosis, and to investigate the pertinent underlying mechanisms. Our in vitro results indicated that quercetin protected human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells from NaIO3-induced apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. We also evaluated the relative expression of proteins in the apoptosis pathway. Quercetin downregulated the protein expressions of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 through reduced PI3K and pAKT expressions. Furthermore, our in vivo results indicated that quercetin improved retinal deformation and increased the thickness of both the outer nuclear layer and inner nuclear layer, whereas the expression of caspase-3 was inhibited. Taken together, these results demonstrate that quercetin could protect retinal pigment epithelium and the retina from NaIO3-induced cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, involving the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This suggests that quercetin has the potential to prevent and delay AMD and other retinal diseases involving NaIO3-mediated apoptosis. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to gradual central vision loss and is the third leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The underlying mechanisms for this progressive neurodegenerative disease remain unclear and there is currently no preventive treatment for dry AMD. Sodium iodate (NaIO 3 ) has been reported to induce AMD-like retinal pathology in mice. We established a mouse model for AMD to evaluate the effects of quercetin on NaIO 3 -induced retinal apoptosis, and to investigate the pertinent underlying mechanisms. Our in vitro results indicated that quercetin protected human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells from NaIO 3 -induced apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. We also evaluated the relative expression of proteins in the apoptosis pathway. Quercetin downregulated the protein expressions of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 through reduced PI3K and pAKT expressions. Furthermore, our in vivo results indicated that quercetin improved retinal deformation and increased the thickness of both the outer nuclear layer and inner nuclear layer, whereas the expression of caspase-3 was inhibited. Taken together, these results demonstrate that quercetin could protect retinal pigment epithelium and the retina from NaIO 3 -induced cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, involving the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This suggests that quercetin has the potential to prevent and delay AMD and other retinal diseases involving NaIO 3 -mediated apoptosis. |
| Author | Meilin Wang Yi-Ju Lee Ching-Chung Chen Jer-An Lin Yuan-Yen Chang Min-Yen Hsu Yai-Ping Hsiao Hui-Wen Lin Shang-Chun Tsou |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan 9 Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; lja@nchu.edu.tw 8 Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; art@asia.edu.tw 6 Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan 7 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; eq7bie5d@gmail.com 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; my.scott.hsu@gmail.com (M.-Y.H.); amy1234575@gmail.com (Y.-P.H.) 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; cyy0709@csmu.edu.tw (Y.-Y.C.); wml@csmu.edu.tw (M.W.) 2 Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan 10 Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Tai |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 6 Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan – name: 9 Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; lja@nchu.edu.tw – name: 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; cyy0709@csmu.edu.tw (Y.-Y.C.); wml@csmu.edu.tw (M.W.) – name: 2 Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan – name: 3 Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; jasmine.lyl@gmail.com – name: 7 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; eq7bie5d@gmail.com – name: 10 Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan – name: 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; my.scott.hsu@gmail.com (M.-Y.H.); amy1234575@gmail.com (Y.-P.H.) – name: 5 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan – name: 8 Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; art@asia.edu.tw |
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| Copyright | 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2021 by the authors. 2021 |
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| Keywords | apoptosis quercetin human retinal pigment epithelium sodium iodate age-related macular degeneration mitochondrial membrane potential |
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| SubjectTerms | age-related macular degeneration Animals Antioxidants Apoptosis Apoptosis - drug effects Apoptosis - genetics bcl-2-Associated X Protein bcl-2-Associated X Protein - genetics Caspase 3 Caspase 3 - genetics Cell Line Gene Expression Regulation Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Growth factors human retinal pigment epithelium Humans Iodates Iodates - toxicity Kinases Macular Degeneration Macular Degeneration - drug therapy Macular Degeneration - genetics Macular Degeneration - pathology Mitochondria Mitochondria - drug effects mitochondrial membrane potential Older people Oxidative stress Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - genetics Proteins quercetin Quercetin - pharmacology Reactive Oxygen Species Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Retina Retina - drug effects Retina - pathology Retinal Diseases Retinal Diseases - chemically induced Retinal Diseases - drug therapy Retinal Diseases - genetics Retinal Diseases - pathology Retinal Pigment Epithelium Retinal Pigment Epithelium - drug effects Retinal Pigment Epithelium - growth & development Signal Transduction Signal Transduction - drug effects sodium iodate Software Statistical analysis Variance analysis |
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| Title | Protective Effect of Quercetin on Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Apoptosis through the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrion-Dependent Pathway |
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